United Federal Party

The United Federal Party (UFP) was a political party in the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland.

History

The UFP was formed in November 1957 by a merger of the Federal Party, which had operated at the federal level, and the Southern Rhodesian United Rhodesia Party.<ref>Assa Okoth (2006) A History of Africa: African nationalism and the de-colonisation process, East African Publishers, p108</ref><ref name=J>Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland, United Federal Party Political Parties: A Cross-National Survey</ref> However, after conservative elements gained control of the party, the liberal faction led by Garfield Todd broke away to re-establish the United Rhodesia Party.<ref>Gabriel Abraham Almond & James Smoot Coleman (2015) The Politics of the Developing Areas, Princeton University Press, p312</ref>

In the 1958 general election in Southern Rhodesia the UFP won 17 of the 30 seats, despite receiving fewer votes than the Dominion Party, whilst the URP failed to win a seat. In the federal election in November 1958, the UFP won 46 of the 59 seats.

General elections in Northern Rhodesia in March 1959 saw the UFP win 13 of the 20 elected seats. In the August 1961 elections in Nyasaland the Malawi Congress Party won 22 seats (including two upper roll seats) and the UFP five (all from the upper roll).

The next federal elections in March 1962 were boycotted by all other parties, allowing the UFP to win 54 of the 57 seats. However, that was the end of the UFP's success. In the Northern Rhodesian general elections in September the UFP won the most seats, but the Northern Rhodesian African National Congress, which held the balance of power, went back on a secret pact its leader Harry Nkumbula had made with the UFP and allowed the United National Independence Party to form the government. General elections in Southern Rhodesia in December 1962 saw the UFP defeated by the new Rhodesian Front; the UFP winning 29 seats to the Front's 35.

In April 1963 the party was split into four; the federal branch was rebranded as the Federal Party and continued to be led by Roy Welensky, whilst the territorial branches became the National Progressive Party in Northern Rhodesia, the Nyasaland Constitutional Party in Nyasaland and the Rhodesia National Party in Southern Rhodesia, where it was led by Edgar Whitehead.<ref>JRT Wood (2012) So Far and No Further!: Rhodesia's Bid for Independence During the Retreat from Empire 1959-1965, p146</ref><ref>"U.F.P. Takes New Form: Four Separate Parties", East Africa and Rhodesia, 25 April 1963, p729</ref> The federation was dissolved at the end of 1963.

Election results

Federal elections

Election	Leader	Seats	+/–	Position	Status
1958	Roy Welensky	Template:Composition bar	New	1st	Template:Yes2
1962		Template:Composition bar	Template:Increase 8	Template:Steady 1st	Template:Yes2

Northern Rhodesia elections

Election	Leader	Seats	+/–	Position	Status
1959	Roy Welensky	Template:Composition bar	New	1st	Template:Yes2
1962		Template:Composition bar	Template:Increase 2	Template:Steady 1st	Template:No2

Southern Rhodesia elections

Election	Leader	Seats	+/–	Position	Status
1958	Edgar Whitehead	Template:Composition bar	New	1st	Template:Yes2
1962		Template:Composition bar	Template:Increase 12	Template:Decrease 2nd	Template:No2

Nyasaland elections

Election	Leader	Seats	+/–	Position	Status
1961	Michael Hill Blackwood	Template:Composition bar	New	2nd	Template:No2