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The United States Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources is a standing committee of the United States Senate. It has jurisdiction over matters related to energy and mineral resources, including nuclear development; irrigation and reclamation, territorial possessions of the United States, trust lands appertaining to America's indigenous peoples, and the conservation, use, and disposition of federal lands. Its roots go back to the Committee on Interior and Insulars Affairs. In 1977, it became the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, and most matters regarding Native Americans, Alaska Natives, and Native Hawaiians were removed from its jurisdiction and transferred to the Committee on Indian Affairs.
History
The Committee on Public Lands was created in 1816 during the 14th Congress chaired by senator Jeremiah Morrow. In its early years, it managed the settlement of the recently purchased Missouri Territory. Over time, the committee oversaw the western expansion of the United States, including the Texas annexation, the Oregon Treaty, the Mexican Cession, and the Gadsden Purchase. The Homestead Act of 1860, which would have benefited western settlers and migrants, was a result of jurisdiction of the Public Lands Committee.
In 1849, the Department of the Interior was established, with the Public Lands Committee serving as legislative oversight. The committee became responsible for enacting legislation to conserve nature and its resources. Due to the actions of the committee, Congress began working towards preservation of forests, wilderness, and historical landmarks with the signing of the Antiquities Act in 1906 and the establishment of the National Park Service in 1916.
The committee has gone under a number of name changes, but the functions and policy have remained similar to its creation. In 1921, the committee merged with the Committee on Geological Surveys to become the Committee of Public Lands and Surveys. Following the Legislative Reorganization Act of 1946, it became the Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs, absorbing the jurisdiction of the Indian Affairs, Territorial and Insular Affairs, Mines and Mining, and Irrigation and Reclamation committees. Its most recent iteration, the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, was established on February 4, 1977, after the Committee System Reorganization Amendments of 1977.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Jurisdiction
In accordance of Rule XXV of the United States Senate, all proposed legislation, messages, petitions, memorials, and other matters relating to the following subjects is referred to the Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources:
- Coal production, distribution, and utilization;
- Energy policy;
- Energy regulation and conservation;
- Energy related aspects of deepwater ports;
- Energy research and development;
- Extraction of minerals from oceans and Outer Continental Shelf lands;
- Hydroelectric power, irrigation, and reclamation;
- Mining education and research;
- Mining, mineral lands, mining claims, and mineral conservation;
- National parks, recreation areas, wilderness areas, wild and scenic rivers, historical sites, military parks and battlefields, and on the public domain, preservation of prehistoric ruins and objects of interest;
- National Petroleum Reserve;
- Nonmilitary development of nuclear energy;
- Oil and gas production and distribution;
- Public lands and forests, including farming and grazing thereon, and mineral extraction therefrom;
- Solar energy systems; and,
- Territorial possessions of the United States, including trusteeships.<ref name="Energy">Template:Cite web</ref>
The Committee is also charged to "study and review, on a comprehensive basis, matters relating to energy and resources development, and report thereon from time to time."<ref name="Energy" />
Members, 119th Congress
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Minority<ref>Template:USBill (119th Congress)</ref>
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- Mike Lee, Utah, Chair
- John Barrasso, Wyoming
- Jim Risch, Idaho
- Steve Daines, Montana
- Tom Cotton, Arkansas
- Dave McCormick, Pennsylvania
- Jim Justice, West Virginia (from January 14, 2025)
- Bill Cassidy, Louisiana
- Cindy Hyde-Smith, Mississippi
- Lisa Murkowski, Alaska
- John Hoeven, North Dakota
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- Martin Heinrich, New Mexico, Ranking Member
- Ron Wyden, Oregon
- Maria Cantwell, Washington
- Mazie Hirono, Hawaii
- Angus King, Maine<ref name=Independent />
- Catherine Cortez Masto, Nevada
- John Hickenlooper, Colorado
- Alex Padilla, California
- Ruben Gallego, Arizona
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Subcommittees
Chairs
Committee on Public Lands, 1816–1921
Committee on Public Lands and Surveys, 1921–1947
Committee on Public Lands, 1947–1948
Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs, 1948–1977
Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, 1977–present
Ranking members
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Historical committee rosters
118th Congress
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Minority<ref>Template:USBill (118th Congress)</ref>
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- Joe Manchin, West Virginia,<ref name=Independent>Sens. Manchin, Sanders and King are independent, but caucus(ed) with Democrats.</ref> Chair
- Ron Wyden, Oregon
- Maria Cantwell, Washington
- Bernie Sanders, Vermont<ref name=Independent/>
- Martin Heinrich, New Mexico
- Mazie Hirono, Hawaii
- Angus King, Maine<ref name=Independent />
- Catherine Cortez Masto, Nevada
- Mark Kelly, Arizona (until October 17, 2023)
- John Hickenlooper, Colorado
- Alex Padilla, California (from October 17, 2023) <ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
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- John Barrasso, Wyoming, Ranking Member
- Jim Risch, Idaho
- Mike Lee, Utah
- Steve Daines, Montana
- Lisa Murkowski, Alaska
- John Hoeven, North Dakota
- Bill Cassidy, Louisiana
- Cindy Hyde-Smith, Mississippi
- Josh Hawley, Missouri
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- Subcommittees
117th Congress
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Minority
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- Joe Manchin, West Virginia, Chair
- Maria Cantwell, Washington
- Ron Wyden, Oregon
- Bernie Sanders, Vermont<ref name=Independent2>Sens. Sanders and King are independent, but caucus with Democrats.</ref>
- Martin Heinrich, New Mexico
- Mazie Hirono, Hawaii
- Angus King, Maine<ref name=Independent2 />
- Catherine Cortez Masto, Nevada
- Mark Kelly, Arizona
- John Hickenlooper, Colorado
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- John Barrasso, Wyoming, Ranking Member
- Jim Risch, Idaho
- Mike Lee, Utah
- Steve Daines, Montana
- Lisa Murkowski, Alaska
- John Hoeven, North Dakota
- James Lankford, Oklahoma
- Bill Cassidy, Louisiana
- Cindy Hyde-Smith, Mississippi
- Roger Marshall, Kansas
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- Subcommittees
116th Congress
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Minority
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- Lisa Murkowski, Alaska, Chair
- John Barrasso, Wyoming
- Jim Risch, Idaho
- Mike Lee, Utah
- Steve Daines, Montana
- Cory Gardner, Colorado
- Lamar Alexander, Tennessee
- John Hoeven, North Dakota
- Bill Cassidy, Louisiana
- Cindy Hyde-Smith, Mississippi
- Martha McSally, Arizona (until December 2, 2020)
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- Joe Manchin, West Virginia, Ranking Member
- Maria Cantwell, Washington
- Ron Wyden, Oregon
- Bernie Sanders, Vermont<ref name=Independent2>Sens. Sanders and King are independent, but caucus with Democrats.</ref>
- Debbie Stabenow, Michigan
- Martin Heinrich, New Mexico
- Mazie Hirono, Hawaii
- Angus King, Maine<ref name=Independent2 />
- Catherine Cortez Masto, Nevada
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- Subcommittees
115th Congress
| Majority
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Minority
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- Lisa Murkowski, Alaska, Chair
- John Barrasso, Wyoming
- Jim Risch, Idaho
- Mike Lee, Utah
- Steve Daines, Montana
- Cory Gardner, Colorado
- Lamar Alexander, Tennessee
- John Hoeven, North Dakota
- Bill Cassidy, Louisiana
- Rob Portman, Ohio
- Shelley Moore Capito, West Virginia
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- Maria Cantwell, Washington, Ranking Member
- Ron Wyden, Oregon
- Bernie Sanders, Vermont<ref name=Independent2>Sens. Sanders and King are independent, but caucus with Democrats.</ref>
- Debbie Stabenow, Michigan
- Al Franken, Minnesota (until January 2, 2018)
- Joe Manchin, West Virginia
- Martin Heinrich, New Mexico
- Mazie Hirono, Hawaii
- Angus King, Maine<ref name=Independent2 />
- Tammy Duckworth, Illinois
- Catherine Cortez Masto, Nevada
- Tina Smith, Minnesota (from January 9, 2018)
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- Subcommittees
Source <ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
See also
References
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External links
Template:United States congressional committees
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