Ural-Volga Turki

Template:Short description Template:More citations needed {{#invoke:Infobox|infobox}}Template:Template otherTemplate:Main other{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check |unknown=Template:Main other |preview=Page using Template:Infobox language with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| acceptance | agency | aiatsis | aiatsis2 | aiatsis3 | aiatsis4 | aiatsis5 | aiatsis6 | aiatsisname | aiatsisname2 | aiatsisname3 | aiatsisname4 | aiatsisname5 | aiatsisname6 | altname | ancestor | ancestor2 | ancestor3 | ancestor4 | ancestor5 | ancestor6 | ancestor7 | ancestor8 | ancestor9 | ancestor10 | ancestor11 | ancestor12 | ancestor13 | ancestor14 | ancestor15 | boxsize | coordinates | coords | created | creator | date | dateprefix | development_body | dia1 | dia2 | dia3 | dia4 | dia5 | dia6 | dia7 | dia8 | dia9 | dia10 | dia11 | dia12 | dia13 | dia14 | dia15 | dia16 | dia17 | dia18 | dia19 | dia20 | dia21 | dia22 | dia23 | dia24 | dia25 | dia26 | dia27 | dia28 | dia29 | dia30 | dia31 | dia32 | dia33 | dia34 | dia35 | dia36 | dia37 | dia38 | dia39 | dia40 | dialect_label | dialects | ELP | ELP2 | ELP3 | ELP4 | ELP5 | ELP6 | ELPname | ELPname2 | ELPname3 | ELPname4 | ELPname5 | ELPname6 | era | ethnicity | extinct | fam1 | fam2 | fam3 | fam4 | fam5 | fam6 | fam7 | fam8 | fam9 | fam10 | fam11 | fam12 | fam13 | fam14 | fam15 | family | familycolor | fontcolor | glotto | glotto2 | glotto3 | glotto4 | glotto5 | glottoname | glottoname2 | glottoname3 | glottoname4 | glottoname5 | glottopedia | glottorefname | glottorefname2 | glottorefname3 | glottorefname4 | glottorefname5 | guthrie | ietf | image | imagealt | imagecaption | imagescale | iso1 | iso1comment | iso2 | iso2b | iso2comment | iso2t | iso3 | iso3comment | iso6 | isoexception | lc1 | lc2 | lc3 | lc4 | lc5 | lc6 | lc7 | lc8 | lc9 | lc10 | lc11 | lc12 | lc13 | lc14 | lc15 | lc16 | lc17 | lc18 | lc19 | lc20 | lc21 | lc22 | lc23 | lc24 | lc25 | lc26 | lc27 | lc28 | lc29 | lc30 | lc31 | lc32 | lc33 | lc34 | lc35 | lc36 | lc37 | lc38 | lc39 | lc40 | ld1 | ld2 | ld3 | ld4 | ld5 | ld6 | ld7 | ld8 | ld9 | ld10 | ld11 | ld12 | ld13 | ld14 | ld15 | ld16 | ld17 | ld18 | ld19 | ld20 | ld21 | ld22 | ld23 | ld24 | ld25 | ld26 | ld27 | ld28 | ld29 | ld30 | ld31 | ld32 | ld33 | ld34 | ld35 | ld36 | ld37 | ld38 | ld39 | ld40 | linglist | linglist2 | linglist3 | linglist4 | linglist5 | linglist6 | lingname | lingname2 | lingname3 | lingname4 | lingname5 | lingname6 | lingua | lingua2 | lingua3 | lingua4 | lingua5 | lingua6 | lingua7 | lingua8 | lingua9 | lingua10 | linguaname | linguaname2 | linguaname3 | linguaname4 | linguaname5 | linguaname6 | linguaname7 | linguaname8 | linguaname9 | linguaname10 | listclass | liststyle | map | map2 | mapalt | mapalt2 | mapcaption | mapcaption2 | mapscale | minority | module | name | nation | nativename | notice | notice2 | official | posteriori | pronunciation | protoname | pushpin_image | pushpin_label | pushpin_label_position | pushpin_map | pushpin_map_alt | pushpin_map_caption | pushpin_mapsize | qid | ref | refname | region | revived | revived-cat | revived-category | script | setting | sign | signers | speakers | speakers_label | speakers2 | stand1 | stand2 | stand3 | stand4 | stand5 | stand6 | standards | state | states }}

The Ural-Volga Turki<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> (Old Bashkir<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> or Old Tatar) language was a literary language used by some ethnic groups of the Idel-Ural region (Tatars and Bashkirs) from the middle of the 13th century to the beginning of the 20th century.

Ural-Volga Turki is a member of the Kipchak (or Northwestern) group of Turkic languages. The first poem, considered to be written by Qul Ghali in Ural-Volga Turki dates back to the period of Volga Bulgaria and Ancient Bashkortostan. It included many Persian and Arabic loans.

In its written form, the language was spelled uniformly among different ethnic groups, speaking different Turkic languages of the Kipchak sub-group. The pronunciation differed from one people to another, approximating to the spoken language, making the written form universal for different languages.

The language formerly used Arabic script and its later updated alphabets of İske imlâ and Yaña imlâ. Ural-Volga Turki language was a language of Idel-Ural poetry and literature. Along with Ottoman Turkish, Azeri, Khaqani Turkic and Chagatai, it was one of the few Turkic literary languages used in the Middle Ages.<ref>Outstanding examples of the Uighur Middle Age literature are Yusuf Balasaghuni Qutatqu Bilik (Wisdom Of Royal Glory) (1069–70) and Mahmut Kashgari Divan-i Lugat-it Türk (Dictionary of Turkic Dialects) (1072)</ref> It was actively used in publishing until 1905, when the first Tatar and Bashkir newspapers begun to be published in modern Tatar and Bashkir language.

Alphabet

	Name	Isolated	Final	Medial	Initial	Modern Cyrillic Bashkir alphabet	Modern Latin Bashkir alphabet	IPA	Notes
1	Template:Lang Template:Lang	Template:Script	Template:Script		Template:Script	Template:Lang	Template:Lang	Template:IPA link
2	Template:Lang Template:Lang	Template:Script	Template:Script		Template:Script	Template:Lang	Template:Lang	Template:IPA link, Template:IPA link, Template:IPA link, Template:IPA link
3	Template:Lang Template:Lang	Template:Script	Template:Script	Template:Script	Template:Script	Template:Lang	Template:Lang	Template:IPA link
4	Template:Lang Template:Lang	Template:Script	Template:Script	Template:Script	Template:Script	Template:Lang	Template:Lang	Template:IPA link
5	Template:Lang Template:Lang	Template:Script	Template:Script	Template:Script	Template:Script	Template:Lang	Template:Lang	Template:IPA link	Before front towels
6	Template:Lang Template:Lang	Template:Script	Template:Script	Template:Script	Template:Script	Template:Lang	Template:Lang	Template:IPA link, Template:IPA link	Only in borrowings from Arabic, and in Bashkir words in 19th century modification
7	Template:Lang Template:Lang	Template:Script	Template:Script	Template:Script	Template:Script	Template:Lang	Template:Lang	Template:IPA link, Template:IPA link
8	Template:Lang Template:Lang	Template:Script	Template:Script	Template:Script	Template:Script	Template:Lang	Template:Lang	Template:IPA link, Template:IPA link
9	Template:Lang Template:Lang	Template:Script	Template:Script	Template:Script	Template:Script	Template:Lang	Template:Lang	Template:IPA link	Only in borrowings from Arabic
10	Template:Lang Template:Lang	Template:Script	Template:Script	Template:Script	Template:Script	Template:Lang	Template:Lang	Template:IPA link
11	Template:Lang Template:Lang	Template:Script	Template:Script		Template:Script	Template:Lang	Template:Lang	Template:IPA link
12	Template:Lang Template:Lang	Template:Script	Template:Script		Template:Script	Template:Lang	Template:Lang	Template:IPA link, Template:IPA link	Only in Arabic loanwords, and in Bashkir words in 19th century modification
13	Template:Lang Template:Lang	Template:Script	Template:Script		Template:Script	Template:Lang	Template:Lang	Template:IPA link
14	Template:Lang Template:Lang	Template:Script	Template:Script		Template:Script	Template:Lang	Template:Lang	Template:IPA link
15	Template:Lang Template:Lang	Template:Script	Template:Script		Template:Script	Template:Lang	Template:Lang	Template:IPA link	Only in Persian, French and Russian borrowings
16	Template:Lang Template:Lang	Template:Script	Template:Script	Template:Script	Template:Script	Template:Lang	Template:Lang	Template:IPA link, Template:IPA link	Before front vowels
17	Template:Lang Template:Lang	Template:Script	Template:Script	Template:Script	Template:Script	Template:Lang	Template:Lang	Template:IPA link
18	Template:Lang Template:Lang	Template:Script	Template:Script	Template:Script	Template:Script	Template:Lang	Template:Lang	Template:IPA link	Before back vowels
19	Template:Lang Template:Lang	Template:Script	Template:Script	Template:Script	Template:Script	Template:Lang	Template:Lang	Template:IPA link, Template:IPA link	Only in borrowings from Arabic
20	Template:Lang Template:Lang	Template:Script	Template:Script	Template:Script	Template:Script	Template:Lang	Template:Lang	Template:IPA link	Before back vowels
21	Template:Lang Template:Lang	Template:Script	Template:Script	Template:Script	Template:Script	Template:Lang	Template:Lang	Template:IPA link, Template:IPA link	Only in borrowings from Arabic
22	Template:Lang Template:Lang	Template:Script	Template:Script	Template:Script	Template:Script	Template:Lang	Template:Lang	Template:IPA link	Only in borrowings from Arabic
23	Template:Lang Template:Lang	Template:Script	Template:Script	Template:Script	Template:Script	Template:Lang	Template:Lang	Template:IPA link
24	Template:Lang Template:Lang	Template:Script	Template:Script	Template:Script	Template:Script	Template:Lang	Template:Lang	Template:IPA link
25	Template:Lang Template:Lang	Template:Script	Template:Script	Template:Script	Template:Script	Template:Lang	Template:Lang	Template:IPA link
26	Template:Lang Template:Lang	Template:Script	Template:Script	Template:Script	Template:Script	Template:Lang	Template:Lang	Template:IPA link
27	Template:Lang Template:Lang	Template:Script	Template:Script	Template:Script	Template:Script	Template:Lang	Template:Lang	Template:IPA link
28	Template:Lang Template:Lang	Template:Script	Template:Script	Template:Script	—	Template:Lang	Template:Lang	Template:IPA link	Initial form was never used due to phonetic reasons
29	Template:Lang Template:Lang	Template:Script	Template:Script	Template:Script	Template:Script	Template:Lang	Template:Lang	Template:IPA link
30	Template:Lang Template:Lang	Template:Script	Template:Script	Template:Script	Template:Script	Template:Lang	Template:Lang	Template:IPA link
31	Template:Lang Template:Lang	Template:Script	Template:Script	Template:Script	Template:Script	Template:Lang	Template:Lang	Template:IPA link
32	Template:Lang Template:Lang	Template:Script	Template:Script	Template:Script	Template:Script	Template:Lang	Template:Lang	Template:IPA link, Template:IPA link
33	Template:Lang Template:Lang	Template:Script	Template:Script		Template:Script	Template:Lang	Template:Lang	Template:IPA link/Template:IPA link, Template:IPA link/Template:IPA link, Template:IPA link, Template:IPA link	Alternative Cyrillic transcription: Template:Lang
34	Template:Lang Template:Lang	Template:Script	Template:Script		Template:Script	Template:Lang	Template:Lang	Template:IPA link	Only in borrowings from European languages
35	Template:Lang Template:Lang	Template:Script	Template:Script	Template:Script	Template:Script	Template:Lang	Template:Lang	Template:IPA link, Template:IPA link, Template:IPA link, Template:IPA link

In many publications from the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the letter ۇ is used to represent the sound /ʊ̆/ or /ʏ̆/.

Bibliography

• Template:TES

See also

• Turki
• Bashkir language
• Tatar language