Uxbridge, Massachusetts

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}}Template:Main other{{#ifexpr:{{#invoke:ParameterCount|main|mapframe|image_map|image_map1|pushpin_map}} >2 |Template:Main other}} Uxbridge is a town in Worcester County, Massachusetts, United States, first colonized in 1662 and incorporated in 1727. It was originally part of the town of Mendon, and named for the Earl of Uxbridge. The town is located Template:Convert southwest of Boston<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and Template:Convert south-southeast of Worcester, at the midpoint of the Blackstone Valley National Historic Park. The historical society notes that Uxbridge is the "Heart of The Blackstone Valley" and is also known as "the Cradle of the Industrial Revolution".<ref>"Uxbridge Historical Society Newsletter, Volume 1. Issue 1. June 2022"</ref> Uxbridge was a prominent Textile center in the American Industrial Revolution. Two of its Quakers served as national leaders in the American anti-slavery movement. Uxbridge "weaves a tapestry of early America".<ref name="NPS">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Indigenous Nipmuc people near "Wacentug" or “Waentug” (river bend), deeded land to 17th-century settlers. Uxbridge reportedly granted rights to America's first colonial woman voter, Lydia Taft, and approved Massachusetts first women jurors. The first hospital for mental illness in America was reportedly established here.<ref name="worcester">Template:Cite book</ref><ref name="cwmars1">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }} Digital Treasures, Samuel Willard ran a "hospital for the insane", and trained young physicians, east side of Uxbridge Common (no longer standing)</ref> Deborah Sampson posed as an Uxbridge soldier, and fought in the American Revolution. A 140-year legacy of manufacturing military uniforms and clothing began with 1820 power looms. Uxbridge became famous for woolen cashmeres. "Uxbridge Blue", was the first US Air Force Dress Uniform.<ref name="auto">Template:Cite news</ref> BJ's Wholesale Club distribution warehouse is a major employer today.

Uxbridge had a population of 14,162 at the 2020 United States census.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

History

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Colonial era, Revolution, Quakers, and abolition

John Eliot started Nipmuc Praying Indian villages.<ref name="MHC"/><ref name="nipmuc">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="names">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Several praying Indian towns included Waentug (or Wacentug) and “Rice City” (later settled as Mendon.) “Great John”, sold Squimshepauk plantation to settlers in September of 1663,<ref name="hist">Template:Cite book</ref> "for 24 pound Ster".<ref name="hist"/><ref name="mendon">Template:Cite book</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Mendon began in 1667, and burned in King Phillips War. Nipmuck joined the native uprising, and many died. Western Mendon became Uxbridge in 1727, and Farnum House held the first town meeting.<ref name="farnum">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> John Adams' uncle, Nathan Webb, was the first called minister of the colony's first new Congregational church in the Great Awakening.<ref name="church">Template:Cite book</ref> The American Taft family origins are intertwined with Uxbridge and Mendon. Lydia Taft reportedly voted in the 1756 town meeting, considered as a first for colonial women.<ref name="Washington"/>

Seth and Joseph Read and Simeon Wheelock joined Committees of Correspondence.<ref name="Seth">Template:Cite book</ref> Baxter Hall was a Minuteman drummer.<ref name="music">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Seth Read fought at Bunker Hill. Washington stopped at Reed's tavern, en route to command the Continental Army.<ref name="vitals">Template:Cite book</ref><ref name="collections">Template:Cite book</ref> Samuel Spring was one of the first chaplains of the American Revolution.<ref name="Spring">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Deborah Sampson enlisted as "Robert Shurtlieff of Uxbridge".<ref name="NYT">Template:Cite news</ref> Shays' Rebellion also began here, and Governor John Hancock quelled Uxbridge riots.<ref name="revolution">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="hancock">Template:Cite book</ref> Simeon Wheelock died protecting the Springfield Armory.<ref name="walking">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Seth Reed was instrumental in adding "E pluribus unum" to U.S. coins.<ref name="e pluribus" /><ref name=autogenerated1>Template:Cite book</ref><ref name="Origin">Template:Cite book</ref> Washington slept here on his Inaugural tour while traveling the Middle Post Road.<ref name="halifax">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="navigator">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

File:Jacob Aldrich House, National Historic Site, Uxbridge, MA.jpg
Jacob Aldrich House; Quaker style house

Quakers including Richard Mowry migrated here from Smithfield, Rhode Island, and built mills, railroads, houses, tools and Conestoga wagon wheels.<ref name="walking" /><ref name="dhcd">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="cones">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Southwick's store housed the Social and Instructive Library. Friends Meetinghouse, next to Moses Farnum's farm, had prominent abolitionists Abby Kelley Foster and Effingham Capron as members.<ref name="quaker2">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="Archeology">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="Buffum">Template:Cite book</ref><ref name="meeting">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Capron led the 450 member local anti-slavery society. Brister Pierce, formerly a slave in Uxbridge, was a signer of an 1835 petition to Congress demanding abolition of slavery and the slave trade in the District of Columbia.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Local influences from the First and Second Great Awakenings can be seen with the early Congregational and Quaker traditions.

Early transportation, education, public health and safety

The Tafts built the Middle Post Road's Blackstone River bridge in 1709.<ref name="Post Road">Template:Cite book</ref> "Teamsters" drove horse "team" freight wagons on the Worcester-Providence stage route. The Blackstone Canal brought horse-drawn barges to Providence through Uxbridge for overnight stops.<ref name="hist" /><ref name="canal">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="bridge">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The "crossroads village" was a junction on the Underground Railroad.<ref name="Effingham" /> The P&W Railroad ended canal traffic in 1848.

A 1732 vote "set up a school for ye town of Uxbridge".<ref name="hist" /> A grammar school was followed by 13 one-room district school houses, built for $2000 in 1797. Uxbridge Academy (1818) became a prestigious New England prep school.

Uxbridge voted against the smallpox vaccine.<ref name="Washington" /> Samuel Willard treated smallpox victims,<ref name="elias">Template:Cite book</ref> was a forerunner of modern psychiatry, and ran the first hospital for mental illness in America.<ref name="worcester" /><ref name="cwmars1" /> Vital records recorded many infant deaths,<ref name="vitals" /> the smallpox death of Selectman Joseph Richardson, "Quincy", "dysentary", and tuberculosis deaths.<ref name="vitals" /><ref name="walking" /> Leonard White recorded a malaria outbreak here in 1896 that led to<ref name="malaria" /> firsts in the control of malaria as a mosquito-borne infection.<ref name="malaria">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Uxbridge led Massachusetts in robberies for a quarter of the year in 1922, and the town voted to hire its first nighttime police patrolman.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Peter Emerick summarized the history of policing in Uxbridge.<ref>url= https://www.uxbridge-ma.gov/police-department/pages/our-history</ref>

Industrial era: 19th century to late 20th century

Bog iron and three iron forges marked the colonial era, with the inception of large-scale industries beginning around 1775.<ref name="info" /> Examples of this development can be seen in the work of Richard Mowry, who built and marketed equipment to manufacture woolen, linen, or cotton cloth,<ref name="NPS" /><ref name="national">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and gristmills, sawmills, distilleries, and large industries.<ref name="MHC" /> Daniel Day built the first woolen mill in 1809.<ref name="hist" /><ref name="Washington" /> By 1855, 560 local workers made Template:Convert of cloth (Template:Convert).<ref name="info">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="MHC" /> Uxbridge reached a peak of over twenty different industrial mills.<ref name="MHC" /><ref name="walking" /> A small silver vein at Scadden, in southwest Uxbridge, led to unsuccessful commercial mining in the 1830s.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

File:2 Capron Street, Uxbridge.JPG
Charles Capron House. The Capron family was prominent in the Industrial era at Uxbridge Center where Capron Mill is located.

Innovations included power looms, vertical integration of wool to clothing, cashmere wool-synthetic blends, "wash and wear", yarn spinning techniques, and latch hook kits. Villages included mills, shops, worker housing, and farms. Wm. Arnold's Ironstone cotton mill, later made Kentucky Blue Jeans,<ref name="walking" /> and Seth Read's gristmill, later housed Bay State Arms. Hecla and Wheelockville housed American Woolen, Waucantuck Mill, Hilena Lowell's shoe factory, and Draper Corporation. Daniel Day, Jerry Wheelock, and Luke Taft used water-powered mills. Moses Taft's (Central Woolen) operated continuously making Civil War cloth.<ref name="walking" /><ref name="stanley">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

North Uxbridge housed Clapp's 1810 cotton mill, Chandler Taft's and Richard Sayles' Rivulet Mill, the granite quarry, and Rogerson's village. Crown and Eagle Mill was "a masterpiece of early industrial architecture".<ref name="Crown">Template:Cite book</ref> Blanchard's granite quarry provided curb stones to New York City, the Statue of Liberty and regional public works projects.<ref name="MHC">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="walking" /><ref name="Blanchard">Template:Cite book</ref> Peter Rawson Taft's grandson, William Howard Taft, visited Samuel Taft House.<ref name="visits">Template:Cite news</ref>

John Sr., Effingham and John W. Capron's mill pioneered US satinets and woolen power looms.<ref name="MHC" /><ref name="hist" /><ref name="info" /><ref name="water">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Charles A. Root, Edward Bachman, and Harold Walter expanded Bachman-Uxbridge, and exhibited leadership in women's fashion.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The company manufactured US Army uniforms for the Civil War, World War I, World War II, the nurse corps, and the first Air Force dress uniforms, dubbed "Uxbridge Blue".<ref name="walking" /><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Time magazine covered Uxbridge Worsted's proposed buyout to be the top US woolen company.<ref name="auto"/> The largest plant of one of the largest US yarn companies, Bernat Yarn, was located here from the 1960s to the 1980s. A historic company called Information Services operated from Uxbridge, and managed subscription services for The New Republic, among other publications, in the later 20th century.

Late 20th century to present

File:RiverBendFarm 091.jpg
Blackstone River and Canal Heritage State Park
File:Uxbridge, Massachusetts fire station.jpg
Uxbridge fire station

State and national parks developed around mills and rivers were restored.<ref name="cleaning">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The Great Gatsby (1974) and Oliver's Story (1978) were filmed locally including at Stanley Woolen Mill. The Blackstone Valley National Historic Park<ref name="nps">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> contains the Template:ConvertBlackstone Canal Heritage State Park,<ref name="park">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Template:Convert of the Blackstone River Greenway,<ref name="bikeway">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> the Southern New England Trunkline Trail (which has the interesting SNETT stone chamber south of Lee pond),<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> West Hill Dam, a 567-acre wildlife refuge,<ref name="dam">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> parcels of the Metacomet Land Trust,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and Cormier Woods. 60 Federalist homes<ref name="walking" /> were added to 54 national and 375 state-listed historic sites, including Georgian Elmshade (where War Secretary Alphonso Taft had recounted local family history at a famous reunion).<ref name=autogenerated2>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="Alphonso">Template:Cite bookTemplate:Cite bookTemplate:Cite book</ref> Capron's wooden mill survived a 2007 fire at the Bernat Mill.<ref name="fire">Template:Cite news</ref> Stanley mill is being restored while Waucantuck Mill was mostly razed. In 2013 multiple fires again affected the town, including a historic bank building and a Quaker home from the early 1800s. See National historic sites.

Five bands of the original indigenous Nipmuck people live in the Worcester County region today.

In 2017, a new $9.25 million fire station was completed on Main Street next to Town Hall.<ref name="FireStation">Template:Cite news</ref> Voters approved the 14,365 square-foot station in 2015.<ref name="Fitzerald2017">Template:Cite news</ref> The station has five bays to accommodate modern fire trucks, a radio and server room for computer and phone servers.<ref name="Fitzerald2017" /> The second floor includes a fitness room, kitchen, and showers for staff.<ref name="FireStation" /> The station is located in the historic district, and was built in consultation with the Uxbridge Historic District Commission.<ref name="FireStation" /> The old post office and fire station were demolished to make room for the new station.<ref name="Fitzerald2017" /> Context Architecture was the designer.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}Template:Dead link</ref>

The McCluskey School parking lot and former Bernat Mill site were used for Netflix film crews setup in 2021.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

The Uxbridge High Spartans won the 2023 Division 7 Superbowl at Gillette Stadium with an undefeated record <ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The 2024 Spartans won their second Division 7 Super Bowl championship against Mashpee.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The Uxbridge High Spartans Field Hockey Team clinched its fourth consecutive state championship in the 2024 Season.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

In 2025 the Arthur R. Taft Memorial Trust generously provided funding for historical preservation of the Farnum House.<ref>Uxbridge Historical Commission April 16, 2025</ref>

Geography

The town is Template:Convert, of which Template:Convert, or 2.74%, is water. It is situated Template:Convert southwest of Boston, Template:Convert southeast of Worcester, and Template:Convert northwest of Providence. Elevations range from Template:Convert to Template:Convert above sea level. It borders Douglas, Mendon, Millville, Northbridge, and Sutton, Massachusetts, plus the Rhode Island towns of Burrillville and North Smithfield.

Template:Geographic location

Climate

A USDA hardiness zone 5 continental climate prevails with snowfall extremes from November to April. The highest recorded temperature was 104 F, in July 1975, and the lowest, −25 F in January 1957.<ref name="Weather.com">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Template:Weather box

Demographics

Template:Historical populations The 2010 United States census<ref name="GR2">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> population was 13,457, representing a growth rate of 20.6%, with 5,056 households, a density rate of 166.31 units per square mile. 95.7% were White, 1.7% Asian, 0.90% Hispanic, 0.3% African American, and 1.4% other. Population density was 442.66 people/ mile2 (170.77/km2). Per capita income was $24,540, and 4.7% fell below the poverty line. There were 9,959 registered voters in 2010.

Economy

High tech, services, distribution, life sciences, hospitality, local government, education and tourism offer local jobs. A 618,000 square feet (57,400 m2) distribution center serves Fortune 500 BJ's Wholesale Club's, northern division. Unemployment was 3.9%, lower than the state average .<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Arts and culture

Points of interest

  • "Uxbridge", A film by Chris Bilodeau Photography<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref> (2017)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

  • National historic sites
  • Lt. Simeon Wheelock House, Uxbridge common district, 1768<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

  • Friends meetinghouse, Template:Circa<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Crown and Eagle Cotton Mill, Template:Circa<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • River Bend Farm and Canal<ref name="auto1"/>
  • West Hill Dam and recreation area<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Blissful Meadows Golf Club<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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Government

Uxbridge has a Board of Selectmen and town meeting government.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Local government granted the first woman in America the right to vote,<ref name="Washington">Template:Cite book</ref> nixed a smallpox vaccine in 1775,<ref name="Washington" /> and defied the Massachusetts Secretary of State by approving women jurors.<ref name="juries">Template:Cite news</ref> The 2009 Board of Health made Uxbridge the third community in the US to ban tobacco sales in pharmacies, but later reversed this.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

State agencies control county elected offices, and Uxbridge has a District Courthouse but no jail.

State and federal elected officials

Education

Local schools include the Earl D. Taft Early Learning Center (Pre-K–3), Whitin Intermediate School (4–7), Uxbridge High School (8–12), and Our Lady of the Valley Regional.

Uxbridge is also a member of one of the thirteen towns of the Blackstone Valley Regional Vocational School District. Uxbridge students in eighth grade have the opportunity to apply to Blackstone Valley Regional Vocational Technical High School, serving grades 9–12.

The New York Times called Uxbridge education reforms a "little revolution" to meet family needs.<ref name="times">Template:Cite news</ref>

Infrastructure

Transportation

Rail

The nearest MBTA Commuter Rail stops are Template:Bts on the Franklin/Foxboro Line and Template:Bts and Template:Bts on the Framingham/Worcester Line, 15 miles away. The Providence and Worcester Railroad freight line passes through Uxbridge.

Highways

Highways in Uxbridge include Route 146,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Route 16, Route 122, Route 98 and Route 146A.

Airports

TF Green State Airport Warwick-Providence, RI, Worcester Regional Airport, and Boston Logan International Airport have commercial flights. Hopedale Airport, Template:Convert away, and Worcester Regional Airport have general aviation. A private air strip, Sky Glen Airport on Quaker Highway, is still listed on FAA sites, though the map location shows it within a dense industrial park, and at its peak of operations, it saw very low traffic.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Healthcare

Tri-River Family Health Center (University of Massachusetts Medical School) offers primary care. Milford Regional, Landmark Medical Center, hospices and long term care are nearby or local.

Notable people

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See also

References

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Template:Geographic location Template:Blackstone Valley Template:Worcester County, Massachusetts Template:Greater Boston Template:Authority control

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