Voiceless retroflex plosive
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A voiceless retroflex plosive or stop is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. This consonant is found as a phoneme mostly (though not exclusively) in two areas: South Asia and Australia.
Transcription
The symbol that represents this sound in the International Phonetic Alphabet is Template:Angbr IPA. Like all the retroflex consonants, the IPA symbol is formed by adding a rightward-pointing hook extending from the bottom of "t" (the letter used for the equivalent alveolar consonant). In many fonts lowercase "t" already has a rightward-pointing hook, but Template:Angbr IPA is distinguished from Template:Angbr IPA by extending the hook below the baseline.
Features
File:Voiceless retroflex plosive.svg
Features of a voiceless retroflex stop:
Template:Plosive Template:Retroflex Template:Voiceless Template:Oral Template:Central articulation Template:Pulmonic
Occurrence
| Language | Word | IPA | Translation | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bengali<ref name="mazumdar">Template:Harvcoltxt</ref> | Template:Lang | Template:IPA | 'taka' | Apical postalveolar;<ref name="mazumdar"/> contrasts unaspirated and aspirated forms. See Bengali phonology | |
| Brahui | سىٹ | Template:IPA | 'one' | ||
| English | Indian dialects | Template:Lang | Template:IPA | 'time' | Corresponds to alveolar Template:IPA in other dialects. See English phonology |
| General American | art | [ɑɻʈ] | 'art' | Allophone of /t/ before /ɻ/ See English Phonology. | |
| Gujarati<ref name="khatiwada">Template:Harvcoltxt</ref> | Template:Lang | Template:IPA | 'potato' | Subapical;<ref name="khatiwada" /> contrasts unaspirated and aspirated forms. See Gujarati phonology | |
| Hindustani<ref>Template:Harvcoltxt</ref><ref name="tiwari">Template:Harvcoltxt</ref> | Hindi | Template:Lang | Template:IPA | 'hat' | Apical postalveolar |
| Urdu | Template:Lang | ||||
| Hmong | Template:Script / raus | Template:IPA | 'immerse in liquid' | Contrasts with aspirated form (written Template:Angbr). | |
| Iwaidja | Template:Lang | Template:IPA | 'taipan' | ||
| Javanese | Template:Lang | Template:IPA | 'cadaver' | ||
| Kannada | Template:Lang | Template:IPA | 'to tap' | Contrasts unaspirated and aspirated forms | |
| Lo-Toga<ref>François (2009:189); François (2016:35).</ref> | Template:Lang | Template:IPA | 'we (incl.)' | Laminal retroflex. | |
| Malayalam | Template:Lang / Template:Lang / Template:Transliteration | Template:IPA | 'wild' | Contrasts /t̪ t ʈ d̪ ɖ/. | |
| Marathi<ref name="khatiwada"/> | Template:Lang | Template:IPA | 'potato' | Subapical;<ref name="khatiwada"/> contrasts unaspirated and aspirated forms. See Marathi phonology | |
| Mutsun | Template:Lang | Template:IPA | 'torn' | ||
| Nepali | Template:Lang | Template:IPA | 'team' | Apical postalveolar; contrasts unaspirated and aspirated forms. See Nepali phonology | |
| Norwegian | Template:Lang | Template:IPA | 'card' | See Norwegian phonology | |
| Nunggubuyu<ref>Template:Harvcoltxt</ref> | Template:Lang | Template:IPA | 'prawn' | ||
| Odia | Template:Lang / Template:Transliteration | Template:IPA | 'crepe jasmine' | Apical postalveolar; contrasts unaspirated and aspirated forms. | |
| Pashto | Template:Lang | Template:IPA | 'all' | ||
| Punjabi | Gurmukhi | Template:Lang | Template:IPA | 'hat' | |
| Shahmukhi | Template:Lang | ||||
| Scottish Gaelic | Some Hebridean dialects<ref>Bauer, Michael. Blas na Gàidhlig: The Practical Guide to Gaelic Pronunciation. Glasgow: Akerbeltz, 2011.</ref> | Template:Lang | Template:IPA | 'high' | Corresponds to the sequence Template:IPA in other dialects. See Scottish Gaelic phonology |
| Sicilian | Template:Lang | Template:IPA | 'thief' | ||
| Swedish<ref>Template:Harvcoltxt</ref> | Template:Lang | Template:IPA | 'map' | See Swedish phonology | |
| Sylheti | Template:Lang | [ʈulli] | 'skull' | contains tonal pronunciation.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> See Sylheti phonology | |
| Tamil<ref name="khatiwada"/><ref>Template:Harvcoltxt</ref> | Template:Lang / Template:Lang / Template:Transliteration | Template:IPA | 'eight' | Subapical.<ref name="khatiwada"/> See Tamil phonology | |
| Telugu | Template:Lang | Template:IPA | 'to hit or beat' | Contrasts unaspirated and aspirated forms | |
| Torwali<ref>Template:Harvcoltxt</ref><ref name="otd">Template:Cite web</ref> | Template:Lang | Template:IPA | 'words' | Contrasts aspirated and unaspirated forms. | |
| Urdu | Template:Lang | Template:IPA | 'sixty' | ||
| Vietnamese | Southern dialects<ref>Template:Harvcoltxt</ref> | Template:Lang | Template:IPA | 'you pay' | May be somewhat affricated. See Vietnamese phonology |
| Welayta | Template:IPA | 'dew' | |||
See also
Notes
References
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