Voiceless retroflex plosive

A voiceless retroflex plosive or stop is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. This consonant is found as a phoneme mostly (though not exclusively) in two areas: South Asia and Australia.

Transcription

The symbol that represents this sound in the International Phonetic Alphabet is Template:Angbr IPA. Like all the retroflex consonants, the IPA symbol is formed by adding a rightward-pointing hook extending from the bottom of "t" (the letter used for the equivalent alveolar consonant). In many fonts lowercase "t" already has a rightward-pointing hook, but Template:Angbr IPA is distinguished from Template:Angbr IPA by extending the hook below the baseline.

Features

File:Voiceless retroflex plosive.svg

Features of a voiceless retroflex stop:

Occurrence

Language		Word	IPA	Translation	Notes
Bengali<ref name="mazumdar">Template:Harvcoltxt</ref>		lang}}	main}}	'taka'	Apical postalveolar;<ref name="mazumdar"/> contrasts unaspirated and aspirated forms. See Bengali phonology
Brahui		سىٹ	main}}	'one'
English	Indian dialects	lang}}	main}}	'time'	main}} in other dialects. See English phonology
	General American	art	[ɑɻʈ]	'art'	Allophone of /t/ before /ɻ/ See English Phonology.
Gujarati<ref name="khatiwada">Template:Harvcoltxt</ref>		lang}}	main}}	'potato'	Subapical;<ref name="khatiwada" /> contrasts unaspirated and aspirated forms. See Gujarati phonology
Hindustani<ref>Template:Harvcoltxt</ref><ref name="tiwari">Template:Harvcoltxt</ref>	Hindi	lang}}	{{#invoke:IPA|main}}	'hat'	Apical postalveolar
	Urdu	lang}}
Hmong		Template:Script / raus	main}}	'immerse in liquid'	Contrasts with aspirated form (written Template:Angbr).
Iwaidja		lang}}	main}}	'taipan'
Javanese		lang}}	main}}	'cadaver'
Kannada		lang}}	main}}	'to tap'	Contrasts unaspirated and aspirated forms
Lo-Toga<ref>François (2009:189); François (2016:35).</ref>		lang}}	main}}	'we (incl.)'	Laminal retroflex.
Malayalam		lang}} / {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} / Template:Transliteration	main}}	'wild'	Contrasts /t̪ t ʈ d̪ ɖ/.
Marathi<ref name="khatiwada"/>		lang}}	main}}	'potato'	Subapical;<ref name="khatiwada"/> contrasts unaspirated and aspirated forms. See Marathi phonology
Mutsun		lang}}	main}}	'torn'
Nepali		lang}}	main}}	'team'	Apical postalveolar; contrasts unaspirated and aspirated forms. See Nepali phonology
Norwegian		lang}}	main}}	'card'	See Norwegian phonology
Nunggubuyu<ref>Template:Harvcoltxt</ref>		lang}}	main}}	'prawn'
Odia		lang}} / Template:Transliteration	main}}	'crepe jasmine'	Apical postalveolar; contrasts unaspirated and aspirated forms.
Pashto		lang}}	main}}	'all'
Punjabi	Gurmukhi	lang}}	{{#invoke:IPA|main}}	'hat'
	Shahmukhi	lang}}
Scottish Gaelic	Some Hebridean dialects<ref>Bauer, Michael. Blas na Gàidhlig: The Practical Guide to Gaelic Pronunciation. Glasgow: Akerbeltz, 2011.</ref>	lang}}	main}}	'high'	main}} in other dialects. See Scottish Gaelic phonology
Sicilian		lang}}	main}}	'thief'
Swedish<ref>Template:Harvcoltxt</ref>		lang}}	main}}	'map'	See Swedish phonology
Sylheti		lang}}	[ʈulli]	'skull'	contains tonal pronunciation.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> See Sylheti phonology
Tamil<ref name="khatiwada"/><ref>Template:Harvcoltxt</ref>		lang}} / {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} / Template:Transliteration	main}}	'eight'	Subapical.<ref name="khatiwada"/> See Tamil phonology
Telugu		lang}}	main}}	'to hit or beat'	Contrasts unaspirated and aspirated forms
Torwali<ref>Template:Harvcoltxt</ref><ref name="otd">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation		CitationClass=web }}</ref>|| {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} || {{#invoke:IPA|main}}|| 'words' ||Contrasts aspirated and unaspirated forms.
Urdu		lang}}	main}}	'sixty'
Vietnamese	Southern dialects<ref>Template:Harvcoltxt</ref>	lang}}	main}}	'you pay'	May be somewhat affricated. See Vietnamese phonology
Welayta		{{#invoke:IPA|main}}		'dew'

See also

• Index of phonetics articles

References

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External links

• Phonology of English, including dialectical variations
• Template:Phoible