Wan Azizah Wan Ismail

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Wan Azizah binti Wan IsmailTemplate:Efn (born 3 December 1952) is a Malaysian politician who served as the spouse of the prime minister of Malaysia as the wife of Anwar Ibrahim. A member of the People's Justice Party, she is the first woman to served as deputy prime minister of Malaysia, a position she held from 2018 to 2020.

Born in Singapore, Wan Azizah graduated from the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland. She practised medicine, specialised in ophthalmology, and served as a government doctor for 14 years before leaving in 1993. Entering politics in 1998 after her husband's dismissal, she led the {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} movement and founded the National Justice Party (PKN), later People's Justice Party (PKR), becoming the second woman to lead a parliamentary party in Malaysia. She won the Permatang Pauh seat in 1999, retained it in 2004, and briefly stepped aside in 2008 for her husband's return, but continued to lead PKR as it grew into an opposition force.

Wan Azizah became Malaysia's first female leader of the Opposition in April 2008, but resigned later that year to allow her husband to succeed her. During her time in opposition, she spoke out on human rights issues, and was active in domestic debates on Malay supremacy, governance, and land issues. She continued her political career, winning the Kajang by-election in 2014 and later reclaiming Permatang Pauh in 2015. She won the Pandan seat in 2018 and became Malaysia's first female deputy prime minister, while also serving as minister of women, family and community development. She left office during the 2020 political crisis but returned to the Dewan Rakyat in 2022 after winning the Bandar Tun Razak seat. Following her husband's appointment as prime minister that year, she became the spouse of the prime minister.

Early life and education

Wan Azizah was born on 3 December 1952 at KK Women's and Children's Hospital in Singapore.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Her father was Wan Ismail Wan Mahmood, and her mother, Mariah Khamis, raised her along with her three sisters and one brother.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> She is of Peranakan Chinese descent and was raised as a Malay Muslim.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> She began her education at St. Nicholas Convent School before continuing her secondary studies at Tunku Kurshiah College.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> She went on to study medicine at the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland,<ref name=":4">Template:Cite book</ref> where she received a gold medal in obstetrics and gynaecology.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Wan Azizah established a medical practice where she primarily treated women,<ref name=":0">Template:Cite book</ref> later specialising in ophthalmology.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name=":2">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> She served as a government doctor for 14 years before resigning in 1993.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" /><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> That same year, she shifted from her medical career to roles more closely associated with political life, taking on honorary positions, hosting visiting dignitaries,<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> and becoming a patron of the National Cancer Council.<ref name=":1">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Early political career

Wan Azizah entered politics in September 1998 following the dismissal and arrest of her husband Anwar Ibrahim on charges of sodomy and corruption.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> The event drew widespread domestic and international criticism and led her to assume leadership of the {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} movement.Template:Efn<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> She founded the Social Justice Movement,<ref name=":5" /> later named the National Justice Party (PKN) in April 1999.<ref name=":4" /> She was the second woman in Malaysia to lead a political party<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> and the first to do so with parliamentary representation after winning the Permatang Pauh seat with a 9,077-vote majority that year.<ref name=":5">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

She promoted reform and attempted to unite opposition forces to confront Mahathir's government, although she was unsuccessful in preventing his party from retaining a supermajority in the 1999 general election.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Wan Azizah rejected the idea of Malay unity as the central political issue following the election. Instead, she argued that Malay support had shifted to the opposition due to disillusionment with leadership, abuses of power, corruption, police brutality, mismanagement of the economy, and a judiciary that was seen to lack independence.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>

In August 2003, PKN merged with the Malaysian People's Party (PRM) to become the People's Justice Party (PKR),<ref name=":4" /> with Wan Azizah as president.<ref name=":6">Template:Cite book</ref> She contested the 2004 general election on the ticket of the new party and retained the Permatang Pauh seat by a margin of 590 votes and became the PKR's sole representative in Parliament.<ref name=":4" /><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In 2007, Wan Azizah indicated her readiness to vacate the party presidency when Anwar announced his intention to return to politics despite being legally barred.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> She also relinquished the Permatang Pauh parliamentary seat, allowing Anwar, running as a PKR candidate, to win the by-election.<ref name=":4" /><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Under her continued leadership, the PKR won 31 seats in the 2008 general election,<ref name=":6" /> during which she defended her Permatang Pauh seat with a majority of 13,388 votes.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Leader of the Opposition

On 30 April 2008, Wan Azizah became the first woman to hold the post of leader of the Opposition.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Her position was acknowledged during coalition negotiations by the Malaysian United Indigenous Party, led by Mahathir Mohamad and Muhyiddin Yassin. This recognition helped sustain the PKR's leadership role within the opposition despite internal divisions and uncertainty over succession.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> That same year, Wan Azizah sent a letter to Myanmar's ambassador expressing concern over the military junta's decision to proceed with a constitutional referendum despite the ongoing Cyclone Nargis crisis. She submitted a motion urging Speaker Pandikar Amin Mulia to call for a postponement of the vote, to prioritise relief efforts and to press the regime to grant greater access to aid workers. She also called on the Malaysian government to use its influence to advocate for a delay, though the motion was rejected on the grounds of Malaysia's policy of neutrality and noninterference.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Her tenure as opposition leader ended on 28 August 2008,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> when she resigned to make way for her husband,<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> who succeeded her.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

In 2010, Wan Azizah Wan Ismail called for the abolition of Malay supremacy, highlighting its exploitation by a small elite and advocating for Malaysian children to grow up as "Malay of Integrity."<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In June 2011, she faced a RM200 million defamation suit filed by Federal Land Development Authority (Felda) over articles in {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}, with the High Court deciding her case would be heard separately from a related suit against former deputy minister Tan Kee Kwong.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In April 2012, she urged Felda to return Template:Convert of Sabah land, arguing the agency had failed to develop it for settlers and had converted it into profitable palm oil plantations.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In 2013, she confirmed she would not contest the general election, focusing instead on the PKR's campaign and engaging women voters.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

In 2014, the High Court ruled in favour of Felda, raising the defamation damages Wan Azizah and her co-defendants were required to pay from RM70,000 to RM2 million.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Later that year, on 9 March, the PKR selected Wan Azizah as its candidate for the Kajang by-election,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and she won the seat on 23 March with a majority of 5,379 votes.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In August, she received support from the Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party to lead Selangor, a move by the opposition to challenge the long-ruling UMNO-led Barisan Nasional (BN) coalition, which had faced criticism over governance and ethnic policies.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Wan Azizah later contested the Permatang Pauh seat for the PKR,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> winning with a majority of 8,841 votes,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> and was sworn in as opposition leader on 18 May 2015, reclaiming the seat vacated by Anwar following his imprisonment in February.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In 2016, she helped forge an alliance between the opposition coalition and Mahathir's Malaysian United Indigenous Party. By January 2018, the coalition, known as the Alliance of Hope, designated Mahathir as its prime ministerial candidate and Wan Azizah as his prospective deputy, uniting diverse factions and contributing to BN's defeat in the 2018 general election.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> Wan Azizah subsequently contested and won the Pandan seat with a majority of 52,543 votes.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Deputy Prime Minister

File:The Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi meeting the Deputy Prime Minister of Malaysia, Dr. Wan Azizah Wan Ismail, in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia on May 31, 2018.JPG
Wan Azizah and Narendra Modi in 2018

Following the general election, she was appointed as deputy prime minister in the seventh Mahathir cabinet and took office on 21 May 2018 after securing 64,733 votes.<ref name=":3">Template:Cite book</ref> She became the first woman to hold the position<ref name=":3" /><ref>Template:Cite book</ref> and was sworn in before Muhammad V of Kelantan at Istana Negara, alongside 13 other cabinet ministers, while also serving concurrently as minister of women, family and community development.<ref name=":3" />

During her time in office, Wan Azizah made several diplomatic visits. On 26 February 2019, she held a meeting with Hassanal Bolkiah during her first official visit to Brunei.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Later that year, on 9 July, she met with Vice President of China Wang Qishan at Zhongnanhai.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> On 12 February 2020, she publicly honoured three women whistle-blowers from the Auditor General's Office for exposing tampering in the 1MDB audit report, praising their courage and calling for greater female involvement in anti-corruption efforts.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> On the following day, she urged women's empowerment and greater engagement at an APEC symposium in Putrajaya, highlighting the need for education, advocacy, and safe reporting channels to combat corruption.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

According to former attorney-general Tommy Thomas, Wan Azizah was the preferred candidate of Abdullah of Pahang for interim prime minister following Mahathir’s resignation in February 2020.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> She officially left office on 25 February 2020.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Her tenure as deputy prime minister ended when Abdullah dissolved the cabinet on Mahathir's advice, amid the 2020 political crisis, which involved the resignation and interim reinstatement of the prime minister.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Her successor, Ismail Sabri Yaakob, was appointed later, in July 2021, by Prime Minister Muhyiddin.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="Muhyiddin reshuffles Malaysian Cabinet, promoting Ismail Sabri to deputy prime minister2">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Spouse of Prime Minister

File:Yoshiko Ishiba and Wan Azizah 20250110 1.jpg
Yoshiko Ishiba and Wan Azizah in 2025

In the 2022 general election on 19 November, Wan Azizah won the Bandar Tun Razak parliamentary seat with a majority of 9,817 votes, defeating candidates from Perikatan Nasional and BN.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Her husband was sworn in as Malaysia's prime minister on 24 November 2022,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> making her the spouse of the Prime Minister of Malaysia.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> She later participated in a mental health discussion at the APEC United States 2023 on 17 November, hosted by Jill Biden, where she highlighted concerns over artificial intelligence and data privacy's impact on mental well-being.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> On 9 September 2024, Wan Azizah called for global action to end the Gaza war and prioritise rebuilding educational institutions, emphasising that education is a fundamental right and vital for children's survival.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> On 10 January 2025, she welcomed Yoshiko Ishiba, wife of Shigeru Ishiba, in Putrajaya.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Personal life

Wan Azizah married Anwar Ibrahim on 28 February 1980, and the couple have six children,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> the eldest being Nurul Izzah, a member of parliament.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In November 2022, she declared assets worth about RM1.4 million, including RM1 million in cash and savings and four vehicles valued at RM360,000, with no debts, property, or other investments.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> She accompanied her husband to perform Umrah on 12 November 2023, where they also prayed for peace and prosperity in Palestine following the OIC Extraordinary Summit in Riyadh.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In October 2024, Wan Azizah underwent a medical procedure at Sultan Idris Shah Hospital in Serdang.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Election results

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Year Constituency Candidate Votes Pct Opponent(s) Votes Pct Ballots cast Majority Turnout
1999 P044 Permatang Pauh Template:Party shading/Keadilan | Template:Nowrap (keADILan) 23,820 61.77% Template:Party shading/Barisan Nasional | Ibrahim Saad (UMNO) 14,743 38.23% 39,210 9,077 78.94%
2004 Template:Party shading/Keadilan | Template:Nowrap (PKR) 21,737 50.69% Template:Party shading/Barisan Nasional | Pirdaus Ismail (UMNO) 21,147 49.31% 43,734 590 80.93%
2008 Template:Party shading/Keadilan | Template:Nowrap (PKR) 30,338 64.16% Template:Party shading/Barisan Nasional | Pirdaus Ismail (UMNO) 16,950 35.84% 47,442 13,388 81.17%
2015 Template:Party shading/Keadilan | Template:Nowrap (PKR) 30,316 57.09% Template:Party shading/Barisan Nasional | Suhaimi Sabudin (UMNO) 21,475 40.44% 53,102 8,841 74.53%
2018 P100 Pandan rowspan=4 Template:Party shading/Keadilan | Template:Nowrap (PKR) 64,733 75.47% Template:Party shading/Barisan Nasional | Leong Kok Wee (MCA) 12,190 14.21% 85,774 52,543 84.66%
Template:Party shading/PAS | Mohamed Sukri Omar (PAS) 8,335 9.72%
bgcolor=Template:Party color | Lee Ying Ha (PRM) 442 0.52%
Template:Party shading/Independent | Wan Muhd Azri Wan Deris (IND) 73 0.09%
2022 P124 Bandar Tun Razak rowspan=2 Template:Party shading/PH | Template:Nowrap (PKR) 43,476 46.74% bgcolor=Template:Party color | Kamarudin Jaffar (BERSATU) 33,659 36.18% 93,021 9,817 78.74%
Template:Party shading/Barisan Nasional | Chew Yin Keen (MCA) 15,886 17.08%
Selangor State Legislative Assembly
Year Constituency Candidate Votes Pct Opponent(s) Votes Pct Ballots cast Majority Turnout
2014 N25 Kajang Template:Party shading/Keadilan | Template:Nowrap (PKR) 16,741 59.57% Template:Party shading/Barisan Nasional | Chew Mei Fun (MCA) 11,362 40.43% 28,314 5,379 72.09%

Awards and honours

In 2008, Wan Azizah was awarded the Order of the Defender of State, carrying the title {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}, during Penang's state honours in recognition of her contributions to public service and leadership.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> She later received an honorary fellowship from the Academy of Medicine Malaysia on 7 July 2023,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> followed by an honorary Doctorate of Philosophy in Political and Social Sciences from the University of Selangor on 9 September 2023.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> She also had a new orchid hybrid named after her, during the launch of Orkid Putrajaya 2023, on 14 December of that year.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

On 26 April 2025, she was awarded the Lifetime Achievement Award in Ophthalmology by the Malaysian Society of Ophthalmology for her contributions to eye care and medical education.<ref name=":2" /> On 14 June 2025, she was conferred the Eminent Educator Award by Nazrin Shah of Perak for her role in advancing medical education and the Parallel Pathway training programme in Malaysia.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

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Notes

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References

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