Washington College
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Washington College is a private liberal arts college in Chestertown, Maryland. Maryland granted Washington College its charter in 1782. George Washington supported the founding of the college by consenting to have the "College at Chester" named in his honor through financial support and service on the college's Board of Visitors and Governors. Washington College is the 10th-oldest college in the United States and was the first college chartered after American independence. The school became coeducational in 1891.
History
Washington College evolved from the Kent County Free School, an institution of more than 200 years standing in "Chester Town," which by the college's founding date of 1782 had reached considerable strength and importance as a port city. George Washington consented to the fledgling college's use of his name (the only institution of higher education in the United States with this claim), pledged the sum of 50 guineas to its establishment, and extended his warm wishes for the "lasting and extensive usefulness" of the institution.<ref>George Washington to William Smith, August 18, 1782. George Washington Papers, Library of Congress</ref> He later served on Washington College's Board of Visitors and Governors — his only involvement with an institution of higher learning.
The college's first president, the Reverend William Smith, was a prominent figure in colonial affairs of letters and church, and he had a wide acquaintance among the great men of colonial days, including Benjamin Franklin. Joining General Washington on the Board of Visitors and Governors of the new college were such distinguished figures as U.S. Senator John Henry, Congressman Joshua Seney and William Paca, Governor of Maryland. The Maryland legislature granted its first college charter to Washington College in May 1782.<ref>[1] Template:Webarchive</ref> The following spring, on May 14, 1783, the college held its first commencement.
President Smith had envisaged Washington College as the Eastern Shore campus of a public "University of Maryland" with St. John's College as its Western Shore counterpart, a proposal incorporated into the later institution's 1784 state charter, but the Maryland General Assembly's reluctance to provide funding meant this was never more than a paper institution, and the relationship ended with Smith's return to Philadelphia in 1789.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
With his election as the first President of the United States, General Washington retired from the Board of Visitors and Governors. It accepted the honorary degree of doctor of laws, which a delegation from Chestertown presented to him on June 24, 1789, in New York, then the seat of Congress. Since Washington's last visit to campus, Washington College has hosted five U.S. presidents: Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Harry S Truman, Dwight Eisenhower, John F. Kennedy and George H. W. Bush.
The original college building cornerstone was laid in May 1783; it opened in 1788 after selling off acreage and starting a lottery to fund the project. The hall was still incomplete by 1794 and was destroyed by a basement fire on January 11, 1827.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> The oldest existing building, Middle Hall, was erected in 1844 on the site of the original college building. By 1860, Middle Hall was joined by East and West Halls. All three structures, known as the Hill Dorms, are on the Maryland Register of Historic Places.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Academics
Washington College offers 34 majors and 35 minors or concentrations. The most popular majors, based on 2021 graduates, were:<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Business Administration & Management (36)
- Psychology (36)
- Biology/Biological Sciences (32)
- Economics (21)
- English Language & Literature (18)
- Political Science & Government (16)
1,367 undergraduate students attended Washington College during the 2018–2019 academic year<ref name="washcoll.edu">Template:Cite web</ref> along with approximately 100 graduate students. During that year, 74% of applicants were accepted.<ref name="washcoll.edu"/> (The acceptance rate for 2018–2019 was much higher than in previous years, likely due to the drop in total applications for the 2018–2019 academic year. Washington College received 5,515 applications for 2017–2018 and 3,109 for 2018–2019.)<ref name="washcoll.edu"/> For the 2023–2024 academic year, 916 undergraduates attended WAC. The acceptance rate was 66%. The mean high school GPA of admitted students was 3.67 in fall 2023.[2]
During the 2018–2019 academic year, 40.6 percent of incoming first-year students were from Maryland and the balance many other US states and 23 foreign nations.<ref name="washcoll.edu"/> 18.8 percent of undergraduates are minority students with 9.2 percent identifying as African-American, 5.6 percent identifying as Hispanic-American, 3.2 percent identifying as Asian-American, and with .8 percent identifying as either Native American or Pacific Islander.<ref name="washcoll.edu"/> 7.4 percent of undergraduates are international citizens.<ref name="washcoll.edu"/> Approximately 5 percent of the college's student body is "non-traditional" (25 years old or older). 83% of students lived in an on-campus residence during the 2018 Fall term;<ref name="washcoll.edu"/> the rest commute either from off-campus housing or home.
Rankings
In 2015, Washington College was ranked by The Princeton Review as 16th in the United States among "Colleges With The Happiest Students In 2015–16".<ref name="Huffington Post">Template:Cite web</ref> In the 2011 edition of U.S. News & World Report Best Colleges, Washington College rose 19 positions to 93rd in the nation in the National Liberal Arts Colleges category.<ref name="colleges.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com">Template:Cite web</ref>
Literary prizes
Each year, Washington College awards the nation's largest undergraduate literary prize. Since 1968, the Sophie Kerr Prize has been presented to one graduating senior demonstrating the greatest literary promise. The endowment created by Sophie Kerr, a writer who published 23 novels and dozens of short stories, has provided more than $1.4 million in prize money to young writers. At a ceremony held at the Poets House in New York City on May 17, 2011, Lisa Jones was selected as the winner of the $61,000 Sophie Kerr Prize.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
In 2005, Washington College inaugurated another literary prize, the George Washington Book Prize, administered by the college's C.V. Starr Center for the Study of the American Experience and awarded in partnership with the Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History and George Washington's Mount Vernon. The prize is awarded annually to the most significant new book about the founding era. At $50,000, the prize is one of the most generous book awards in the United States. Richard Beeman won the 2010 George Washington Book Prize for his work, Plain, Honest Men: The Making of the American Constitution.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
In 2015, the Rose O'Neill Literary House, Washington College's center for literature and the literary arts, established the Douglass Wallop Fellowship as a nationwide competition, with the first fellowship going to playwright Sheri Wilner. The award will be granted biennially to a playwright.<ref>Sheri Wilner awarded 2015 Douglass Wallop FellowshipTemplate:Dead link Washington College, May 01, 2014</ref>
Student life
The school has over 90 student clubs.
Only seniors can apply to live off campus; the rest are required to live on campus (unless they are local or commuters). On-campus housing can accommodate approximately 1,056 students (not including quad rooms that can be converted). Most students stay on campus over the weekend to participate in various social and recreational activities.
Approximately 30 percent of students attend graduate school in the first year following graduation, and approximately 45 percent do so within five years.
In Fall 2018, the student-to-faculty ratio was 10.5:1.<ref name="washcoll.edu"/> The average class size is 17.
The school confers the degrees of Bachelor of Arts, Bachelor of Science, and Master of Arts (in English, psychology, and history).
Washington College has joined the American College & University Presidents Climate Commitment with a Campus carbon neutrality goal. The Center for Environment and Society oversees the Chesapeake Semester program, four interdisciplinary courses that use the college's location in the Chesapeake Bay watershed to explore environmental issues and advocacy.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Washington College hosts the Harwood Series, which includes speeches by national politicians and media pundits. Because of its reputation as a liberal arts school with creative writing being a strength, writers such as John Barth, Ray Bradbury, Bobbie Ann Mason, Colum McCann, Neil Gaiman, Tim O'Brien, Junot Díaz, Lawrence Ferlinghetti, and Robert Pinsky have given readings at the campus.
Greek life
Greek life at Washington College comprises two men's fraternities and two women's sororities. Approximately 25 percent of the student body joins Greek life. Fraternities are mainly housed on the "quad", and sororities line the Western Shore housing.
Men's fraternities:
- Kappa Sigma Omicron-Phi – Chartered April 14, 2007
- Phi Delta Theta MD Gamma – Chartered April 25, 1992
Sororities:
- Alpha Omicron Pi Sigma Tau – Chartered May 14, 1938
- Zeta Tau Alpha Gamma Beta – Chartered April 30, 1938
Traditions
George Washington Birthday Ball: A college-wide dance where students, faculty, staff, alumni, and friends of the college come together to celebrate George Washington's birthday. The event usually occurs on or around George Washington's birth date.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
War on the Shore: The annual men's lacrosse game, held in late spring between Washington College and Salisbury University, two of Maryland's Eastern Shore's undergraduate schools. Beginning in 2004, the winner of the game has been awarded the Charles B. Clark Cup.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
May Day: Started in 1968 by Professor Bennett Lamond of the English Department, who retired in 2004. He brought a class out onto the green, where they read poetry and drank wine. Later that night, some students returned, and Washington College's May Day celebration was born. Since then, May Day has become a two-day festival on April 30 and May 1, often involving some student body public nudity. Most students use paint, glitter, and other art forms to cover their bodies at this festival. The event draws many students as spectators. The college's Public Safety officers stand at the perimeter of the campus green to prevent students from being publicly indecent off campus grounds.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Athletics
Varsity sports
Washington College has competed in intercollegiate athletics since the 19th century. Its oldest current varsity sports are the baseball team, which dates back to at least the early 1870s,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> and the men's basketball team, which played its 100th season in 2011–12.<ref name="washingtoncollegesports.com">Template:Cite web</ref> Men's teams are known as the Shoremen; women's teams are known as the Shorewomen.
While men have played varsity sports at Washington College for well over a century, varsity opportunities for women have been more recent. The first varsity sports for women – rowing, tennis, and volleyball – were added in the mid-1970s and were followed by the additions of softball, lacrosse, field hockey, and swimming by the mid-1980s. Varsity women's basketball began play during the 1993–94 season, while coed sailing was elevated to varsity status four years later. The women's soccer team is the college's newest varsity sport; it began play during the fall of 1998.
Washington College fielded a varsity football team through 1950, a men's track and field team through 1982, and a men's cross country team through 1989. The college previously sponsored varsity men's golf and varsity wrestling.Template:Citation needed
Fourteen of Washington College's 20 varsity teams compete in the Centennial Conference. The men's and women's rowing teams compete in the Mid-Atlantic Rowing Conference (MARC). In contrast, the sailing team competes in the Middle Atlantic Intercollegiate Sailing Association (MAISA) of the Inter-Collegiate Sailing Association (ICSA).
The rowing and sailing teams host regattas on the Chester River and call the college's Truslow Boat House and Lelia Hynson Boating Park home.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
The college's 20 varsity teams are:<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
.jpg){kind=link}
| width= 150px style="Template:CollegePrimaryStyle"| Men's sports | width= 150px style="Template:CollegePrimaryStyle"| Women's sports |
|---|---|
| Baseball | Basketball |
| Basketball | Field hockey |
| Golf | Golf |
| Lacrosse | Lacrosse |
| Rowing | Rowing |
| Soccer | Soccer |
| Swimming | Softball |
| Track and field | Swimming |
| Track and field | |
| colspan=2 style="Template:CollegeSecondaryStyle"| Template:Center | |
| Template:Center | |
| Template:Center | |
Lacrosse
The college is known for its men's lacrosse team. It won the 1998 NCAA Division III National Championship and a share of the 1954 USILA Laurie Cox Division National Championship. The men's lacrosse team has participated in the NCAA Division II or III Tournament 28 times since 1974 and the NCAA Division III Championship game eight times.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Washington College men's lacrosse players have earned All-America honors 226 times.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
The men's and women's lacrosse teams, men's and women's soccer teams, and field hockey teams compete on Kibler Field at Roy Kirby Jr. Stadium. Completed in 2006, the stadium was named one of the top 10 venues for collegiate lacrosse by Lacrosse Magazine.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Housing
There are 24 housing options on campus. Only seniors can apply to live off campus unless they permanently reside nearby and fill out required exemption forms. There are five freshmen-dedicated residence halls on campus.
Facilities
Middle, East, and West Halls stand on the crest of a low hill (the terrace) at the center of campus. Middle Hall (built 1844) and East and West Halls (built 1854) are the oldest surviving campus buildings. They serve as monuments to the original Common Building (completed in 1789), whose site they occupy. They are all three-story buildings constructed of brick.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
They were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.<ref name="nris">Template:NRISref</ref>
They now function as follows:
- East Hall – The International House is a three-floor coed building that serves as a home for students interested in international relations and foreign language study. This theme house has a faculty advisor.
- Middle Hall – The Creative Arts House is a coed building for students interested in drama, music, visual art, literature, and the creative arts in general.
- West Hall – The Science House is a three-floor coed building that serves as a home for students interested in the natural sciences. This theme house has a faculty advisor.
People
Principals and presidents
At least 31 people have been the principal or president of Washington College since 1782, four of whom have been interim.Template:Efn Of the 31 presidents, only one, Joseph McLain, was an alumnus of the college, and only one, Sheila Bair, was a woman. The college presidents have been drawn from various areas, including religion, military service, governmental service, and academia. Six Washington College presidents were ordained in the Episcopal Church or the Methodist Protestant Church before their term.<ref>Template:Harvnb</ref><ref>Template:Harvnb</ref><ref>Template:Harvnb</ref><ref>Template:Harvnb</ref><ref>Template:Harvnb</ref> Several were also the rector of either Emmanuel Parish or St. Paul's in Chestertown concurrent to their term as president. Washington College presidents have come from many parts of public life. Two were engaged in military service before their term, and four were in public service.<ref>Template:Harvnb</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> A singular president, Kurt M. Landgraf, was working in the private sector before his term.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Most of the remaining presidents were academics before becoming president of the college. Two were presidents of other colleges, seven were academic administrators, five were faculty members at other colleges, and three were faculty members at Washington College before their terms.
Alumni
Alumni of Washington College includes two Governors of Maryland,<ref name="Robert Wright">Template:CongBio</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref> a Governor of Delaware,<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> four United States Senators,<ref name="Robert Wright"/><ref>Template:CongBio</ref><ref>Template:CongBio</ref><ref name="Charles Hopper Gibson">Template:CongBio</ref> seven members of the United States House of Representatives,<ref name="Robert Wright"/><ref name="Dudley Roe">Template:CongBio</ref><ref>Template:CongBio</ref><ref>Template:CongBio</ref><ref name="Charles Hopper Gibson"/><ref name="Robert Franklin Brattan">Template:CongBio</ref><ref>Template:CongBio</ref> and nine State senators. Outside of the world of politics, nine alums of Washington College played at least one game in Major League Baseball, including Jake Flowers, who was on two World Series winning teams.<ref>Template:Harvnb</ref> John Emory, the namesake of Emory University and Emory & Henry College, graduated from Washington College.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Several alumni were successful writers including James M. Cain and Đỗ Nguyên Mai.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Mary Adele France, who was the first president of St. Mary's College of Maryland, and Robert K. Crane, who discovered sodium-glucose cotransport, both found success in academia.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> H. Lawrence Culp Jr. has found success in business as the CEO of Danaher Corporation and the CEO of General Electric.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
References
Notes
Citations
Bibliography
External links
Template:Washington College Template:Navboxes Template:Authority control
- Pages with broken file links
- Washington College
- Liberal arts colleges in Maryland
- 1782 establishments in Maryland
- Educational institutions established in 1782
- Universities and colleges in Kent County, Maryland
- University and college buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Maryland
- Eastern Pennsylvania Rugby Union
- National Register of Historic Places in Kent County, Maryland
- Private universities and colleges in Maryland