Yongding, Longyan
Template:Infobox settlement Template:Infobox Chinese Yongding (Template:Zh) is a district under the jurisdiction of Longyan prefecture-level city in the southwest of Fujian Province, People's Republic of China. The district is a center for Hakka culture, including the traditional Hakka tulou, and a local dialect of the Hakka Chinese called the Template:Interlanguage link. As of 2015, Yongding has a permanent population of about 361,000,<ref name=":0">Template:Cite web</ref>Template:Rp of which more than 99% are Hakka, the rest being She people.Template:Citation needed In December 2014, the Fujian government signed legislation converting Yongding from a county to a district.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Yongding is the hometown of many overseas Chinese immigrants that came to south-east Asia and Burma during the British Raj.
History
Yongding County was established in the 14th year of Chenghua (AD 1478) in the Ming dynasty.Template:Citation needed It was originally part of Shanghang County.Template:Citation needed The governor of Fujian province proposed to separate this south-eastern part of the Shanghang County to form a new county and name it Yongding, literally meaning peaceful forever, after suppressing a riot in that particular region.Template:Citation needed
On December 13, 2014, the Fujian government passed a law converting Yongding from a county to a district.<ref name=":0" />Template:Rp The law came into effect on February 9, 2015.<ref name=":0" />Template:Rp
In March 2015, Template:Interlanguage link was upgraded from a township to a town, and Template:Interlanguage link was upgraded from a town to a subdistrict.<ref name=":0" />Template:Rp
Geography
Located in the southwest of Fujian province, Yongding District is situated on the Fujian-Guangdong border.<ref name=":0" />Template:Rp Yongding District is bordered by Nanjing County in Zhangzhou to the east, Pinghe County in Zhangzhou to the southeast, Dabu County and Meixian District of Meizhou, Guangdong to the southwest, Shanghang County to the northwest, and Xinluo District to the northeast.<ref name=":0" />Template:Rp Both Dabu and Shanghang are Hakka-speaking counties; Longyan city centre (aka Xinluo District), Nanjing and Pinghe are predominantly Minnan-speaking.Template:Citation needed
Yongding District is Template:Convert in area.<ref name=":0" />Template:Rp Like other counties of Fujian province, Yongding is 80% hills and mountains, 10% water or rivers, and 10% fields.Template:Citation needed Two major rivers run through the district: Yongding River (Template:Lang) and Xiayang Creek (Template:Lang).Template:Citation needed Both are tributaries of the Ting River (Template:Lang-zh, the name by which it is known in Fujian territory) or Han River (Template:Lang-zh, the name by which it is known in Guangdong province).Template:Citation needed
Climate
Located in a sub-tropical area and subject to typhoons, Yongding has high annual precipitation of about Template:Convert per year.Template:Weather box
Administrative divisions
Yongding District current administers 1 subdistrict, 14 towns, and 9 townships.<ref name=":1">Template:Cite web</ref>
divided into twenty-four township-level divisions: one subdistrict, twelve towns and eleven townships.<ref name=":0" />Template:Rp<ref name="govyd">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="xzqhyd">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="statsyd">Template:Cite web</ref>
Subdistrict
The district executive, legislature and judiciary are in Template:Interlanguage link (Template:Lang), formerly the town of Fengcheng (Template:Lang), together with the CPC and PSB branches.Template:Citation needed Fengcheng Subdistrict is the district's sole subdistrict,<ref name=":1" /> and had a population of 48,048 as of 2015.<ref name=":0" />Template:Rp
Towns
The district is home to the following 14 towns:<ref name=":1" />
| English name | Hanzi | Population (2015)<ref name=":0" />Template:Rp |
|---|---|---|
| Kanshi | Template:Lang | 26,164 |
| Template:Interlanguage link | Template:Lang | 38,466 |
| Template:Interlanguage link | Template:Lang | 31,213 |
| Template:Interlanguage link | Template:Lang | 47,786 |
| Template:Interlanguage link | Template:Lang | 43,064 |
| Hukeng | Template:Lang | 24,860 |
| Template:Interlanguage link | Template:Lang | 38,965 |
| Template:Interlanguage link | Template:Lang | 8,419 |
| Template:Interlanguage link | Template:Lang | 13,302 |
| Template:Interlanguage link | Template:Lang | 13,428 |
| Template:Interlanguage link | Template:Lang | 20,967 |
| Template:Interlanguage link | Template:Lang | 17,250 |
| Template:Interlanguage link | Template:Lang-zh | 15,982 |
| Template:Interlanguage link | Template:Lang-zh | 14,657 |
Townships
The district is home to the following 9 townships:<ref name=":1" />
| English name | Hanzi | Population (2015)<ref name=":0" />Template:Rp |
|---|---|---|
| Template:Interlanguage link | Template:Lang | 4,703 |
| Template:Interlanguage link | Template:Lang | 7,007 |
| Template:Interlanguage link | Template:Lang | 8,328 |
| Template:Interlanguage link | Template:Lang | 12,076 |
| Template:Interlanguage link | Template:Lang | 15,583 |
| Template:Interlanguage link | Template:Lang | 17,256 |
| Template:Interlanguage link | Template:Lang | 13,465 |
| Template:Interlanguage link | Template:Lang | 13,422 |
| Gaotou Township | Template:Lang | 10,109 |
Demographics
As of 2015, Yongding District has a hukou population of 504,520, but has approximately just 361,000 permanent residents.<ref name=":0" />Template:Rp 44.3% of the district's permanent residents live in urban areas.<ref name=":0" />Template:Rp
The district's urban residents have a per capita disposable income of 29,952 renminbi (RMB) as of 2015, a 7.1% increase from 2014.<ref name=":0" />Template:Rp In 2015, this figure stood at 14,136 RMB for the district's rural residents, a 9.8% increase from 2014.<ref name=":0" />Template:Rp
The Template:Interlanguage link, a part of the Tingzhou dialect of Hakka Chinese, is spoken in the district.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Culture
Yongding District is famous for its tulou, large multi-family adobe buildings. Out of the 10 tulous or tulous clusters inscribed on the World Heritage List (as Fujian Tulou), 5 are within Yongding District:
- Chuxi Tulou cluster, in Chuxi Village (Template:Lang-zh), Template:Interlanguage link
- Chengqi Lou and adjacent buildings (the Template:Interlanguage link), in Gaobei Village (Template:Lang-zh), Gaotou Township
- Hongkeng Tulou cluster including Zhencheng Lou, in Hongkeng Village (Template:Lang-zh), Hukeng
- Zhenfu Lou, near Xipian Village (Template:Lang-zh), Hukeng
- Yanxiang Lou, in Xinnan Village (Template:Lang-zh), Hukeng
Economy
Yongding District recorded a gross domestic product of 19.12 billion renminbi (RMB) in 2015, an 8.2% increase from 2014.<ref name=":0" />Template:Rp
Industry
Yongding District has a sizable automotive industry, which achieved an output of 3.151 billion RMB in 2015, a 0.8% increase from 2014.<ref name=":0" />Template:Rp Fujian Motors Group has sizable operations in the district, where it produces engines for its New Longma (Template:Lang-zh) brand, and multi-purpose vehicles for its Keyton (Template:Lang-zh) brand.<ref name=":0" />Template:Rp
As a result of abundant precipitation and mountainous terrain, hydroelectric power is abundant.Template:Citation needed There are numerous hydro plants in the district, one notable one being the provincial Mianhuatan Hydroelectric Power Station.Template:Citation needed The plant has a water storage capacity of 2.035 billion cubic meters and is able to generate 1.52 billion kilowatt hours of electricity a year.Template:Citation needed The Mianhuatan hydrodam contributes greatly to the rapidly growing economy of Fujian and neighboring Guangdong province.Template:Citation needed
Agriculture
In agriculture, rice is the main crop for the district.Template:Citation needed Most low-lying fields can yield two rice crops per year, while in high land fields, because of the earlier frost, only one harvest can be assured.Template:Citation needed
Persimmons, plums, and tea leaves are grown in the district.<ref name=":0" />Template:Rp Cattle are raised in Yongding District, and various beef products are produced in the district.<ref name=":0" />Template:Rp
Yongding is an important tobacco producer.Template:Citation needed The cultivation of tobacco started in Wan Li era of the Ming Dynasty.Template:Citation needed Yongding was honored as the "home of tobacco" in the early 20th century.Template:Citation needed Although its significance has declined in recent years, Yongding is still one of the most important tobacco producing areas in the region.Template:Citation needed Many top brand Chinese cigarettes contain Yongding leaf.Template:Citation needed
During the 2010s, the local government began partnering local farmers with Taobao, a large Chinese e-commerce website, to create a wider market for local agricultural goods.<ref name=":0" />Template:Rp As of 2015, the district is home to 200 million RMB in e-commerce sales.<ref name=":0" />Template:Rp
Mining
Yongding is rich in mineral deposits, most notably coal.Template:Citation needed Most of the district's coal is shipped to Guangdong, where economic growth has created huge demand for energy.Template:Citation needed This in turn has created demand for heavy trucks.Template:Citation needed As a result, Yongding is one of the top districts for the number of trucks.Template:Citation neededTemplate:Clarify
Tourism
In 2015 alone, 5.252 million tourists visited Yongding District, generating 4.029 billion RMB in income.<ref name=":0" />Template:Rp Common tourist destinations include the district's many tulou clusters, such as Chuxi Tulou cluster, and hot springs.<ref name=":0" />Template:Rp
Transportation
The Zhangping–Longchuan railway runs through Yongding District, stopping at Template:Interlanguage link. Template:Interlanguage link, Template:Interlanguage link, and the Template:Interlanguage link are among the many expressways in Yongding District.
Notable people
There have been many famous overseas Chinese with their roots in Yongding. Aw Boon-Haw (Template:Lang) was one of the most famous overseas Chinese in the 1930s and 40s.
References
External links
Template:County-level divisions of Fujian Template:Authority control