Zamboanga del Norte

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Zamboanga del Norte (Cebuano: Amihanang Zamboanga; Subanon: Utara Sembwangan; Template:Langx), officially the Province of Zamboanga del Norte, is a province in the Philippines situated within the Zamboanga Peninsula region in Mindanao. Its capital and largest city is Dipolog and the province borders Zamboanga del Sur and Zamboanga Sibugay to the south, Misamis Occidental to the east, and the Sulu Sea to the west.

Zamboanga del Norte is the largest province of the Zamboanga Peninsula region by land area covering Template:Convert.<ref name=nscblist /> Zamboanga del Norte is the 26th populous province in the Philippines.

Etymology

The name of Zamboanga is the Hispanicized spelling of the Sinama term for "mooring place" - samboangan (also spelled sambuangan; and in Subanen, sembwangan), from the root word samboang ("mooring pole"). "Samboangan" was the original name of Zamboanga City, from where the name of the peninsula is derived from.<ref name="jubilado">Template:Cite journal</ref> "Samboangan" is well-attested in Spanish,<ref name="combes"/> British,<ref name="chall">Template:Cite book</ref><ref name="wright">Template:Cite book</ref> French,<ref name="prevost">Template:Cite book</ref><ref name="roubaud">Template:Cite book</ref> German,<ref name="meares">Template:Cite book</ref> and American<ref name="pickering">Template:Cite book</ref> historical records from as far back as the 17th century.<ref name="combes">Template:Cite book</ref>

This is commonly contested by folk etymologies which instead attribute the name of Zamboanga to the Indonesian word jambangan (claimed to mean "place of flowers", but actually means "pot" or "bowl"), usually with claims that all ethnic groups in Zamboanga were "Malays". However, this name has never been attested in any historical records prior to the 1960s.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

History

American colonial era

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Prior to its creation as a province, Zamboanga del Norte formed the northern portion of the historical province of Zamboanga.

The early history of Zamboanga del Norte is shared with that of Zamboanga City, which had been the center of the entire Mindanao area, most notably during the American era. When Zamboanga City became a chartered city on October 12, 1936, it encompassed the southern tip of the Zamboanga Peninsula and the island of Basilan, making it the largest city in the world in terms of land area.

Philippine independence

Foundation

Through Republic Act No. 711 issued on June 6, 1952, Zamboanga province was divided into two independent provinces, which included Zamboanga del Sur.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Martial law era

Template:Main The late 1960s in Mindanao saw a rise in land dispute conflicts arising from the influx of settlers from Luzon and Visayas,<ref>See "History of the Philippines: From Indios Bravos to Filipinos" By Luis H. Francia|[1] Link to page in the referenced book</ref><ref>For an in-depth survey of indigenous peoples and forced land seizures in the Philippines, see [2] Cultural Survival Quarterly.</ref> and from the Marcos administration’s encouragement of militia groups such as the Ilaga.<ref name="Case">Template:Citation</ref><ref name="MackerrasMackerras2003"/> News of the 1968 Jabidah massacre ignited a furor in the Moro community, and ethnic tensions encouraged with the formation of secessionist movements,<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> starting from the largely political Muslim Independence Movement and Bangsamoro Liberation Organization, and eventually the Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF), and the Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF).<ref name="MackerrasMackerras2003"/> Additionally, an economic crisis in late 1969, violent crackdowns on student protests in 1970, and 1971, and eventually the declaration of Martial Law all led to the radicalization of many students.<ref name="Rodis"/> Many of them left schools in Manila and joined the New People's Army "underground" in various provinces away from the capital, bringing the New People's Army rebellion to Mindanao for the first time.<ref name="MiclatinArguillas">Template:Cite book</ref>

The September 1972 declaration of Martial Law began a 14-year period historically remembered for its human rights abuses,<ref name="McCoy199909202">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="Abinales&Amoroso20052">Template:Cite book</ref> often involving the warrantless detention, murder, and physical, sexual, or mental torture of political opponents, student activists, journalists, religious workers, farmers, and others who fought against the Marcos dictatorship.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Zamboanga del Norte was the site of at least one major assassination during the Marcos Martial law era - the gunning down of Human Rights lawyers Jacobo Amatong and Zorro Aguilar by two soldiers of the Marcos government, who were never caught.<ref name="BantayogZorroAguilar">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="LaViña2015">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="JudgesUnderTheGun">Template:Cite news</ref> In the underground, a prominent figure who was killed was underground acupuncturist and paramedic Leo Alto, who spent much of his time helping the Subanon communities in Zamboanga del Norte to fight for their ancestral lands. Alto and a Subanon companion were killed by the Philippine Constabulary in Polanco, Zamboanga del Norte on August 1, 1975.<ref name="BantayogProfileLeoAlto">Template:Cite web</ref>

Alto, and lawyers Amatong and Aguilar have since been honored by having their names inscribed on the wall of remembrance at the Philippines’ Bantayog ng mga Bayani, which honors the heroes and martyrs who fought against Ferdinand Marcos and his martial law regime.<ref name="BantayogZorroAguilar" />

Contemporary

Proposed carving out of new province

In 2017, House Bill No. 5040 was introduced in the House of Representatives seeking to carve out a new province from Zamboanga del Norte. The proposed Zamboanga Hermosa province was to consist of 12 municipalities and 2 legislative districts that make up the 3rd legislative district of Zamboanga del Norte:<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> Baliguian, Godod, Gutalac, Kalawit, Labason, Leon B. Postigo, Liloy (its proposed capital), Salug, Sibuco, Siocon, Sirawai, and Tampilisan. However, the bill ultimately did not pass the 17th congress.

In 2023, a new House Bill 9311 proposed a creation of a new province, Zamboanga Occidental. The proposed province is supposed to include twelve municipalities: Leon B. Postigo, Salug, Godod, Liloy, Tampilisan, Kalawit, Labason, Gutalac, Baliguian, Siocon, Sirawai, and Sibuco.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Geography

Dakak riverside in Dapitan

Zamboanga del Norte covers a total area of Template:ConvertTemplate:PSGC detail occupying the northern portion of the Zamboanga Peninsula in western Mindanao. The province is bordered on the north and west by the Sulu Sea, on the northeast by Misamis Occidental, and on the south by Zamboanga del Sur and Zamboanga Sibugay.

It has an average elevation of Template:Convert, with Mount Dabiak in Katipunan as the highest peak at Template:Convert. Other parts, near the coastlines, are plains. The province's irregular coastline runs some Template:Convert from north to south. Template:Clear left

Climate

Zamboanga del Norte has a mild and moderate climate due to evenly distributed rainfall throughout the year. Its southern portion has a longer dry season.

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Administrative divisions

Political map of the province

Zamboanga del Norte comprises 25 municipalities and 2 cities. Dipolog, Sindangan, and Dapitan are the most densely populated areas in the province. These are further subdivided into 691 barangays, and clustered into 3 congressional districts.Template:PSGC detail

Sibuco is the largest municipality by land area, constituting Template:Percent and number of the total provincial area, while Sindangan is the most populous municipality. Sibutad is the smallest, with Template:Percent and number.Template:PSGC detail

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City Template:Small municipality DistrictTemplate:PSGC detail Population Template:PSGC rubric AreaTemplate:PSGC detail Density Template:Abbr CoordinatesTemplate:Ref label
Template:SmallTemplate:PH census Template:SmallTemplate:PH census km2 Template:Nowrap /km2 Template:Nowrap
Baliguian 3rd Template:Percent and number 22,588 Template:PAGR Template:Convert Template:Convert 17 Template:Coord
Dapitan City ∗ 1st Template:Percent and number 82,418 Template:PAGR Template:Convert Template:Convert 50 Template:Coord
Dipolog City † 2nd Template:Percent and number 130,759 Template:PAGR Template:Convert Template:Convert 21 Template:Coord
Godod 3rd Template:Percent and number 17,424 Template:PAGR Template:Convert Template:Convert 17 Template:Coord
Gutalac 3rd Template:Percent and number 34,654 Template:PAGR Template:Convert Template:Convert 33 Template:Coord
Jose Dalman 2nd Template:Percent and number 27,388 Template:PAGR Template:Convert Template:Convert 18 Template:Coord
Kalawit 3rd Template:Percent and number 23,633 Template:PAGR Template:Convert Template:Convert 14 Template:Coord
Katipunan 2nd Template:Percent and number 45,577 Template:PAGR Template:Convert Template:Convert 30 Template:Coord
La Libertad 1st Template:Percent and number 8,406 Template:PAGR Template:Convert Template:Convert 13 Template:Coord
Labason 3rd Template:Percent and number 41,357 Template:PAGR Template:Convert Template:Convert 20 Template:Coord
Leon B. Postigo 3rd Template:Percent and number 26,221 Template:PAGR Template:Convert Template:Convert 18 Template:Coord
Liloy 3rd Template:Percent and number 39,812 Template:PAGR Template:Convert Template:Convert 37 Template:Coord
Manukan 2nd Template:Percent and number 36,526 Template:PAGR Template:Convert Template:Convert 22 Template:Coord
Mutia 1st Template:Percent and number 12,675 Template:PAGR Template:Convert Template:Convert 16 Template:Coord
Piñan 1st Template:Percent and number 20,161 Template:PAGR Template:Convert Template:Convert 22 Template:Coord
Polanco 1st Template:Percent and number 39,347 Template:PAGR Template:Convert Template:Convert 30 Template:Coord
President Manuel A. Roxas 2nd Template:Percent and number 39,323 Template:PAGR Template:Convert Template:Convert 31 Template:Coord
Rizal 1st Template:Percent and number 14,021 Template:PAGR Template:Convert Template:Convert 22 Template:Coord
Salug 3rd Template:Percent and number 32,204 Template:PAGR Template:Convert Template:Convert 23 Template:Coord
Sergio Osmeña Sr. 1st Template:Percent and number 30,220 Template:PAGR Template:Convert Template:Convert 39 Template:Coord
Siayan 2nd Template:Percent and number 34,966 Template:PAGR Template:Convert Template:Convert 22 Template:Coord
Sibuco 3rd Template:Percent and number 34,620 Template:PAGR Template:Convert Template:Convert 28 Template:Coord
Sibutad 1st Template:Percent and number 17,645 Template:PAGR Template:Convert Template:Convert 16 Template:Coord
Sindangan 2nd Template:Percent and number 99,435 Template:PAGR Template:Convert Template:Convert 52 Template:Coord
Siocon 3rd Template:Percent and number 46,907 Template:PAGR Template:Convert Template:Convert 26 Template:Coord
Sirawai 3rd Template:Percent and number 28,799 Template:PAGR Template:Convert Template:Convert 34 Template:Coord
Tampilisan 3rd Template:Percent and number 24,307 Template:PAGR Template:Convert Template:Convert 20 Template:Coord
Total 1,047,455 1,011,393 Template:PAGR 7,300.11 Template:Convert Template:Sigfig Template:Convert 691 Template:Small

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Demographics

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The population of Zamboanga del Norte in the 2020 census was 1,047,455 people,Template:PH wikidata with a density of Template:Convert. Dipolog is the most populated locality in the province, followed by the town of Sindangan and city of Dapitan.

The main language spoken is Cebuano. Other languages include Chavacano, Subanon, Tausūg, Samal, Filipino, and English.

Religion

Jailani Mosque in Sibuco, built on April 9, 2021.

The predominant religion was Islam until the Spanish regime took over the region and spread Christianity with the help of the church's mission orders like the Jesuits, Augustinians, and Dominicans. The province's first martyr of faith, soon to be raised as a saint, in Mindanao island was Padre Francesco Palliola, S.J. He was a Jesuit missionary from Nola, Italy, and was assigned to Zamboanga Peninsula. He was active as a missionary in Lubungan (Katipuan), Zamboanga del Norte, Iligan, Dapitan, and met his martyrdom at the barrio of Ponot, now a town of Jose Dalman. Roman Catholicism is a significant majority with about 50% adherence. The province has one diocese – the Roman Catholic Diocese of Dipolog under the Archdiocese of Ozamis, covering the entire province. There are also followers of other Christian sects.

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Government

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Officials

These are the officials after the local elections of 2025:<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Governor: Darel Dexter T. Uy (Lakas)

Vice Governor: Julius C. Napigquit (Lakas)

Members of the House of Representatives: Template:Main

Board Members

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  • 1st District:
    • Dario M. Mandantes
    • Jimmy Patrick Israel "Jimboy" B. Chan

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  • 2nd District:
    • Peter Y. Co
    • Dante G. Bagarinao
    • Michael "Jojo" M. Documento II
    • Richard "Chady" G. Yebes

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  • 3rd Drstrict:
    • Kay Marie P. Bolando
    • Leo Nicanor B. Mejorada
    • Venus A. Uy
    • Jeff Raymund "JR" M. Brillantes

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Economy

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Zamboanga del Norte Medical Center in Dipolog

About half of the province's land area is devoted to agriculture. Corn, coconut, and rice are the major crops. The province being rich in marine and mineral sources, its fish production has accelerated through the development of fishponds. Commercial fishing has steadily increased through the years, with the yellow fin tuna as the primary species.

In 2006, a study by National Statistics Coordination Board (NSCB), found Zamboanga del Norte Province to be the Philippines' poorest province with a poverty incidence rate of 64.6%, an increase from 47% in year 2000 statistical figures.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

As of 2015, the province's poverty incidence has dropped to 51.6% (ranking 8th).<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Large foreign mining companies operating within the province such as Canadian company TVI Resource Development and Philex Mining Corp. cause adverse effects to the culture and traditions of the indigenous Subanon and other poor settlers.<ref name="Inquirer-OpenPitMineBan">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="Inquirer-ZamboangaMiningBan">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="ABS-CBN-TVI">Template:Cite news</ref>

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Notable people

References

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