Zamboanga del Sur
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Zamboanga del Sur (Cebuano: Habagatang Zamboanga; Subanen: S'helatan Sembwangan/Sembwangan dapit Shelatan; Template:Langx, Jawi: سلاتن سامبواڠن; Template:Langx), officially the Province of Zamboanga del Sur, is a province in the Philippines located in the Zamboanga Peninsula region in Mindanao. Its capital is the city of Pagadian.
Statistically grouped with Zamboanga del Sur is the highly urbanized City of Zamboanga, which is geographically separated and a chartered city and governed independently from the province and also its largest city.
The province borders Zamboanga del Norte to the north, Zamboanga Sibugay to the west, Misamis Occidental to the northeast, and Lanao del Norte to the east. To the south is the Moro Gulf.
Etymology
The name of Zamboanga is the Hispanicized spelling of the Sinama term for "mooring place" - samboangan (also spelled sambuangan; and in Subanen, sembwangan), from the root word samboang ("mooring pole"). "Samboangan" was the original name of Zamboanga City, from where the name of the peninsula is derived from.<ref name="jubilado">Template:Cite journal</ref> "Samboangan" is well-attested in Spanish,<ref name="combes"/> British,<ref name="chall">Template:Cite book</ref><ref name="wright">Template:Cite book</ref> French,<ref name="prevost">Template:Cite book</ref><ref name="roubaud">Template:Cite book</ref> German,<ref name="meares">Template:Cite book</ref> and American<ref name="pickering">Template:Cite book</ref> historical records from as far back as the 17th century.<ref name="combes">Template:Cite book</ref>
This is commonly contested by folk etymologies which instead attribute the name of Zamboanga to the Indonesian word jambangan (claimed to mean "place of flowers", but actually means "pot" or "bowl"), usually with claims that all ethnic groups in Zamboanga were "Malays". However, this name has never been attested in any historical records prior to the 1960s.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
History
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Early history
The original inhabitants of the Zamboanga Peninsula were the Subanen, who settled along the riverbanks in inland areas; and the various Sama-Bajau and Yakan ethnic groups who settled in coastal areas. Tausūg settlers from northeastern Mindanao also migrated to the region in the 13th century.<ref name="lsp24">Template:Cite book</ref><ref name="Hoogervorst">Template:Cite journal</ref><ref name="kunapipi">Template:Cite journal</ref>
The region was additionally settled by migrants (mostly from the Visayas islands) after World War II.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> Together with the original settlers, these pioneers helped develop Zamboanga del Sur into the abundant and culturally diverse province, making it a melting pot of cultures.
American colonial era
Historically, Zamboanga was the capital of the Moro Province in western Mindanao, which comprised five districts: Cotabato, Davao, Sulu, Lanao, and Zamboanga. In 1940, these districts became individual provinces. Zamboanga City became the capital of Zamboanga province.
Philippine independence
Soon after World War II, the provincial capital was transferred to Dipolog. Molave was created as the provincial capital in 1948.
Foundation
On June 6, 1952, through Republic Act No. 711, Zamboanga del Sur was carved out from the former Zamboanga province that encompassed the entire peninsula in southwestern Mindanao.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> As the 52nd province of the Philippines, it originally consisted of 11 towns with the City of Zamboanga and the Island of Basilan, which were later expanded into 42 municipalities with the City of Pagadian as the capital.
This happened in the midst of the postwar period, a time when Mindanao was peaceful and increasingly progressive. Ethnic tensions were minimal, and there was essentially no presence of secessionists groups in Mindanao.<ref name="MiclatinArguillas">Template:Cite book</ref> Tensions in Mindanao mostly began to rise only as the 1970s approached, as a result of social and economic tensions which affected the whole country.<ref name=Case>The Bangsamoro Struggle for Self-Determintation: A Case Study</ref><ref name="MackerrasMackerras2003">Template:Cite book</ref><ref name="Rodis">Template:Cite web</ref>
The Marcos era
Template:Main The late 1960s in Mindanao saw a rise in land dispute conflicts arising from the influx of settlers from Luzon and Visayas,<ref>See "History of the Philippines: From Indios Bravos to Filipinos" By Luis H. Francia|[1] Link to page in the referenced book</ref><ref>For an in-depth survey of indigenous peoples and forced land seizures in the Philippines, see [2] Cultural Survival Quarterly.</ref> and from the Marcos administration’s encouragement of militia groups such as the Ilaga.<ref name=Case/><ref name="MackerrasMackerras2003"/> News of the 1968 Jabidah massacre ignited a furor in the Moro community, and ethnic tensions encouraged with the formation of secessionist movements,<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> starting from the largely political Muslim Independence Movement and Bangsamoro Liberation Organization, and eventually the Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF), and the Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF).<ref name="MackerrasMackerras2003"/> Additionally, an economic crisis in late 1969, violent crackdowns on student protests in 1970, and 1971, and eventually the declaration of Martial Law all led to the radicalization of many students.<ref name="Rodis"/> Many of them left schools in Manila and joined New People's Army units in their home provinces, bringing the New People's Army rebellion to Mindanao for the first time.<ref name="MiclatinArguillas" />
The September 1972 declaration of Martial Law began a 14-year period historically remembered for its human rights abuses,<ref name="McCoy199909202">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="Abinales&Amoroso20052">Template:Cite book</ref> often involving the warrantless detention, murder, and physical, sexual, or mental torture of political opponents, student activists, journalists, religious workers, farmers, and others who fought against the Marcos dictatorship.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In Zamboanga del Sur, these were often attributed to military-endorsed Militias, which included the Ilaga and a number of armed cult groups, which were used to enhance the military's numbers as it fought various resisntance movements.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref name=hrw>Template:Cite book</ref>
The year 1982 was a particularly bloody year for Zamboanga del Sur under the Marcos dictatorship, as two massacres happened in the province that year. On February 12, 1982, members of the Ilaga killed 12 persons in Dumingag, Zamboanga del Sur, allegedly to avenge the death of their leader, who they believed had been killed by the NPA.<ref name=":7">Template:Cite news</ref> And on May 25, 1982, three people were killed and eight people were injured when the administration's airplanes dropped bombs on Barangay Dimalinao of Bayog, Zamboanga del Sur, allegedly as reprisal for the killing of 23 soldiers by supposed rebels two days earlier. Days later, two more men from the community were picked up and killed, and a few months later, the residence of Bayog's Jesuit parish priest was strafed after he had written letters decrying the torture and harassment of the indigenous Subanon people from his parish, whom government had tagged as communist supporters.<ref name=":6">Template:Cite book</ref>
Contemporary
Separation of Zamboanga Sibugay
Political developments in February 2001 saw another major change in the territorial jurisdiction of Zamboanga del Sur. Its inhabitants voted to create a new province out of the third congressional district, named Zamboanga Sibugay.<ref name=CongressGovPH-RA8973>Template:Cite web</ref>
Geography
Zamboanga del Sur covers a total area of Template:ConvertTemplate:PSGC detail occupying the southern section of the Zamboanga peninsula in western Mindanao. It is located at longitude 122° 30"" and latitude 7° 15"" north. When Zamboanga City is included for statistical purposes, the province's land area is Template:Convert.Template:PSGC detail The province is bordered on the north by Zamboanga del Norte, west by Zamboanga Sibugay, northeast by Misamis Occidental, east by Lanao del Norte, southeast by Illana Bay, and south by the Moro Gulf.
Topography
Stretching northward from Sibugay in the southwest and running along the northern boundary to Salug Valley in the east is the province’s mountainous countryside. The coastal plains extend regularly from south to west then spread into wide flat lands when reaching the coastal plains of the Baganian peninsula in the southeast.
The longest river in Region IX, the Sibugay River gets its water from the mountains of Zamboanga del Sur most specifically in Bayog and Lakewood, from where it flows into Sibuguey Bay which is now part of Zamboanga Sibugay. Other notable rivers are the Kumalarang River, the Dinas River with its headwaters in the Mount Timolan Protected Landscape, and Salug River in Molave. Template:Clear left
Climate
The province has a relatively high mean annual rainfall: Template:Convert. Temperature is relatively warm and constant throughout the year: Template:Convert.
Administrative divisions
Zamboanga del Sur comprises 26 municipalities, 1 component city and 1 highly urbanized city organized into two congressional districts and further subdivided into 681 barangays.
Traditionally grouped with Zamboanga del Sur is the highly urbanized city of Zamboanga, which is administratively independent from the province.
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Demographics
The population of Zamboanga del Sur in the 2020 census was 1,050,668 people,Template:PH wikidata with a density of Template:Convert. When Zamboanga City is included for statistical purposes, the province's population is 2,027,902 people, with a density of Template:Pop density.
Religion
Most of the inhabitants in Zamboanga del Sur are Roman CatholicsTemplate:Citation needed. Other Christian groups are Baptists, Methodists, Aglipayans, Church of Christ of Latter Day Saints, Iglesia ni Cristo, Jehovah's Witnesses, Seventh-day Adventist and other Evangelical Christians. There is a large Muslim minority.Template:Citation needed
Languages
The most commonly spoken first language in the province is Cebuano, while Chavacano is the majority language in and around Zamboanga City. Filipino and English are also widely used and understood as the national and official language (Filipino) and co-official language (English) of the Philippines, with the former used as a lingua franca for and between various non-local ethnic groups or recent migrants and their families. Minority languages include Maguindanaon, Subanen, Tausug, Maranao, and Iranun as well as Hiligaynon, Ibanag, Ilocano, Kapampangan, Pangasinan and Waray.
Economy
The economy is predominantly agricultural. Products include coco oil, livestock feed milling, rice/corn milling, including the processing of fruits, gifts and housewares made from indigenous materials like handmade paper, roots, rattan, buri, and bamboo; wood-based manufacture of furniture and furniture components from wood, rattan, and bamboo; marine and aquaculture including support services; construction services and manufacture of marble, concrete, and wooden construction materials. There are also mining areas in the province, such as those found in the municipality of Bayog managed by TVI, a Canadian-based mining firm which concentrates on gold mining, and the Cebu Ore Mining which is handling the Ore-Copper-Steel mines. There are also small-scale mines in the municipality of Dumingag.
Government
Vice Governor:
- Roseller L. Ariosa (UNA)
Representatives:
- 1st District - Divina Grace C. Yu (PDP-Laban)
- 2nd District - Leonardo L. Babasa Jr. (PDP-Laban)
Board Members: Template:Col-begin Template:Col-break
- 1st District:
- 2nd District:
- Ex-Officio:
- ABC President:
- PCL President: Teomila Nobleza (PDP-Laban)
- SK Federation President: Vergel Pilar
Notable people
Within the province jurisdiction
- Felip Jhon Suson a.k.a. Ken - member of Filipino pop boy band, SB19 (Lakewood)
- Antonio Cerilles - former Secretary of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) during the term of President Joseph Estrada; Template:Small; Governor of Zamboanga del Sur from 2010 to 2019 (Pagadian)
- Mateo Olivar - Catholic church worker of the Diocese of Pagadian<ref name="VaticanMartyrs">Template:Cite web</ref> assassinated during the Marcos dictatorship and one of the first to be formally acknowledged as a martyr of the religious sector's resistance against the Marcos dictatorship at the Philippines’ Bantayog ng mga Bayani (Pagadian)<ref name="BantayogProfileTiyongOlivar">Template:Cite web</ref>
- Enrique Ona - former Secretary of Health (Template:Small - Template:Small); former executive director of the National Kidney and Transplant Institute (Pagadian)
- Francese Therese Pinlac - is a member of MNL48's Team L. She was also a member of TGC Senbatsu before being promoted as an official member of MNL48, the official sister group of the highest-selling JPOP phenomenon, AKB48 (Pagadian)
- Divina Grace Yu - current 1st district Representative of Zamboanga del Sur
- Victor Yu - current Governor of Zamboanga del Sur from 2019–present (Pagadian)
Outside the province jurisdiction (highly-urbanized city of Zamboanga)
References
External links
- Template:Commons category-inline
- Template:OSM relation
- Official website of Zamboanga del Sur Template:Webarchive
- Daily Zamboanga Times Template:Webarchive