É
Template:Short description Template:Distinguish Template:About Template:More citations needed Template:Infobox grapheme É or é (e-acute) is a letter of the Latin alphabet. In English, it is used for loanwords (such as French résumé), romanization (Japanese Pokémon) (Balinese Dénpasar, Buléléng) or occasionally as a pronunciation aid in poetry, to indicate stress on an unusual syllable.
Languages may use é to indicate a certain sound (French), stress pattern (Spanish), length (Czech) or tone (Vietnamese), as well as to write loanwords or distinguish identical-sounding words (Dutch). Certain romanization systems such as pinyin (Standard Chinese) also use é for tone. Some languages use the letter only in specific contexts, such as in Indonesian dictionaries.
Languages
Afrikaans
In Afrikaans, é is used to differentiate meaning and word types. For example: in a sentence that repeats a word (that contains the vowel e) with different meaning or specificity, the e in one of the occurrences could be replaced with é to indicate the different meaning or specificity. Furthermore, é is respected when writing foreign words, mainly from French; and it is used to add visual stress on words in the same way English might use italics.<ref>"Beter Afrikaans - Gravis-/akuutteken". Retrieved May 26, 2022.</ref>
Balinese
É in Balinese is the only diacritic found form and is used to represent [/eː/] for example:
- animal: Template:Lang ("snake"), Template:Lang ("bird")
- verb: Template:Lang ("done"), Template:Lang (reading)
- number counting: Template:Lang ("three"), Template:Lang} (six).<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Catalan
In Catalan, é is used to represent [e], e.g. Template:Lang [sek] "fold". Similar to French and Italian, there is a contrast between é and è, the latter of which represents [ɛ] (e.g. Template:Lang [kɛ] "what").<ref>Sebastià Bech: Apunts de fonètica catalana</ref>
Czech and Slovak
É is the 9th letter of the Czech alphabet and the 12th letter of the Slovak alphabet and represents Template:IPA
Danish, Norwegian, and Swedish
In Danish, Norwegian, and Swedish, the letter "é" is used to indicate that a terminal syllable with the vowel e is stressed, and it is often used only when it changes the meaning, common examples including én, idé, and allé. See Acute accent for a more detailed description. In addition, Danish uses é in some loanwords to represent /i/.
It is not a numbered letter in any of the 3 languages, and is not always used in digital texts due to writers' unfamiliarity with dead keys, resulting in for instance Norwegian text readers having to guess between the very different meanings of roter and server based on context.
Dutch
Uses it to mark stress (vóórkomen – voorkómen, meaning occur and prevent respectively). Like in English, é is respected when writing foreign words, mainly from French. It is also used to differentiate the article "een", equivalent to either "a" or "an" in English, and "één", the number one. It is also used to add visual stress on words in the same way English might use italics. In Dutch, some people use "hé" as a greeting, like "hey" or "hi".
Emilian
In Emilian, é is used to represent [e], e.g. récc [rekː] "rich".
English
Template:Main In English, the e-acute (é) has some uses, mostly in words borrowed from French, such as née, résumé, fiancée, sauté, and coupé; and names such as Beyoncé, Breneé, JonBenét, and Théo. Often the purpose of the accent is to remind the reader that a final e is not silent. Pokémon, the media franchise owned by Japanese video game company and corporation Nintendo, uses [k]é to signify the proper pronunciation of the katakana ケ.
French
The letter é (pronounced Template:IPA) contrasts with è (which is pronounced Template:IPA) and is widely used in French.
Galician
In Galician, é is used for words with irregular stress (such as inglés and café) and for distinguishing Template:IPA Template:IPA and Template:IPA Template:IPA in minimal pairs of words.
Hungarian
É is the 10th letter of the Hungarian alphabet and represents Template:IPA.
Icelandic
É is the 8th letter of the Icelandic alphabet and represents Template:IPA. The letter has been used from the beginning in the Icelandic alphabet, originally the comma merely signified that it was a long rather than a short vowel. The meaning of the letter changed from merely a long -e to -ie and then -je. It fell out of use for centuries only to be reinstated by the spelling rules in 1929.
Indonesian
É is used in Indonesian dictionaries to denote Template:IPAslink, in contrast with E, e (Template:IPAslink). For example, serang (without the acute) means "to attack," whereas Sérang (with the acute) is the provincial capital of Banten.
Irish
In Irish the acute accent (fada) marks a long vowel and so é is pronounced Template:IPA. In contrast to e which is pronounced /ε/.
Italian
É is a variant of E carrying an acute accent; it represents an Template:IPAslink carrying the tonic accent. It is used only if it is the last letter of the word except in dictionaries or when a different pronunciation may affect the meaning of a word: perché ("why"/"because", Template:IPA) and pésca ("fishing", Template:IPA), to be compared with caffè ("coffee", Template:IPA) and pèsca ("peach", Template:IPA), which have a grave accent.
Javanese
É is used in Javanese to represent Template:IPAslink. It is distinct from Template:IPAslink (written è) and plain e (Template:IPAslink).
Kashubian
É is the 8th letter of the Kashubian alphabet which represents Template:IPA and Template:IPA at the end of a word. It also represents Template:IPA in some dialects and represents Template:IPA in area between Puck and Kartuzy.
Kurdish (?)
É is a variant of E carrying an acute accent; it represents a stressed /e/ sound in Kurdish. It is mainly used to mark stress, especially when it is the final letter of a word. In Kurdish dictionaries, it may be used to distinguish between words with different meanings or pronunciations, as with péş ("face") and pes ("dust"), where stress and meaning differ.
Luxembourgish
Navajo
In the Navajo alphabet é represents the mid front short vowel (Template:IPA) with high tone.
Occitan
Polish
In Polish, é was historically used for a vowel called e pochylone or e ścieśnione, sounded as [e], [ɨ] or [i] depending on the dialect. Since 1891, é is no longer used in standard Polish and is replaced by the simple e. It is, however, retained in editions of poetry where the rhyme suggests pronouncing it as i or y.
Portuguese
In Portuguese, é is used to mark a stressed Template:IPAslink in words whose stressed syllable is in unpredictable within the word, as in Template:Lang (very bad). If the location of the stressed syllable is predictable, the acute accent is not used. É Template:IPAslink contrasts with ê Template:IPAslink. Template:Wikt-lang ("is") is also the third-person singular present indicative of Template:Lang ("to be").
Romagnol
In Romagnol é is used to represent [eː], e.g. lédar [ˈleːdar] "thieves" (Ravennate-Forlivese).
Russian
In Russian, é is used in the BS 2979:1958 system of Russian transliteration as the letter Э.
Scottish Gaelic
É was once used in Scottish Gaelic, but has now been largely superseded by "è".Template:Cn It can still be seen, but it is no longer used in the standard orthography.
Spanish
In Spanish, é is an accented letter and is pronounced just like "e" /e/. The accent indicates the stressed syllable in words with irregular stress, as in "éxtasis" or "bebé". See Diacritic and Acute accent for more details.
Standard Chinese/Mandarin (pinyin)
É or é is used for Template:IPAslink with a rising tone ([ɤ̌]) in Pinyin, a romanization system for Standard Chinese. É also means "Russia," being the pinyin form of 俄.
Sundanese
⟨É⟩ is used in Sundanese for the close-mid front unrounded vowel /e/ since 1975 with the publishing of Kamus Umum Basa Sunda (General Sundanese Dictionary), replacing the regular ⟨e⟩ used before to represent the vowel. ⟨E⟩ is now used for the mid central vowel /ə/, previously written as ⟨ê⟩.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
Swedish
In Swedish, ⟨é⟩ is used to indicate that the letter ⟨e⟩ represents a long stressed vowel /eː/ in a position where a short /ɛ/ would otherwise be expected. For example:
- allé ("avenue") is pronounced [alˈleː] (not *[allɛ])
- idé ("idea") is pronounced [ɪˈdeː] (not *[i:dɛ])
Tuareg Berber
In Tuareg Berber, spoken in southern Algeria, southwestern Libya, northern Mali and northern Niger, é is one of the seven major vowels.
Vietnamese
In Vietnamese, the letter "é" indicates the rising tone. It can also be combined with "ê" to form "ế".
Welsh
In Welsh, word stress usually falls on the penultimate syllable, but one way of indicating stress on a final (short) vowel is through the use of the acute accent, often found on e in borrowed words: personél Template:IPA "personnel", sigarét Template:IPA "cigarette", ymbarél Template:IPA "umbrella".
Yoruba
e with a Mí High with a rising tone, depicted by an acute accent. The pronunciation of words in Yorùbá language is tonal; where a different pitch conveys a different word meaning or grammatical distinction.
This means that pronouncing words in Yorùbá is based on what is called Àmì ohùn – Tone Marks. These marks are applied to the top of the vowel within each syllable of a word or phrase.
There are three types of tone marks namely:
Dò Low with a falling tone, depicted by a grave accent Re Mid with a flat tone, depicted by an absence of any accent Mí High with a rising tone, depicted by an acute accent Understanding the use of tone marks is key to properly reading, writing and speaking the Yorùbá language. This is because some words have similar spellings but at the addition of tone marks, these words could have very different meanings.