1492

Template:Year nav Template:C15 year in topicYear 1492 (MCDXCII) is a leap year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar.

1492 is considered to be a significant year in the history of the West, Europe, Christianity, Islam, Judaism, Spain, and the New World, among others, because of the number of significant events that took place.

The events which propelled the year into Western consciousness, listed below, include the completion of the Reconquista of Spain, Europe's (Spain) discovery of the New World, and the expulsion of Jews from Spain.

Events

File:La Rendición de Granada - Pradilla.jpg

January 2 – Muhammad XII, last Moorish Emir of Granada, surrenders his city to the army of Ferdinand and Isabella.

January—March

January 2 – Fall of Granada: Muhammad XII, the last Emir of Granada, surrenders his city to the army of the Catholic Monarchs (Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile) after a lengthy siege, ending the ten-year Granada War and the centuries-long Reconquista, and bringing an end to 780 years of Muslim control in Al-Andalus.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
January 6 – Ferdinand and Isabella enter Granada.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
January 15 – Christopher Columbus meets Ferdinand and Isabella at the Alcázar de los Reyes Cristianos in Córdoba, Andalusia, and persuades them to support his Atlantic voyage intended to find a new route to the East Indies.
January 16 – Antonio de Nebrija publishes Gramática de la lengua castellana, the first grammar text for the Castilian Spanish language, in Salamanca, which he introduces to the Catholic Monarchs, Isabella I of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon, newly restored to power in Andalusia, as "a tool of empire".
January 23 – The Soncino Bible, which includes the Pentateuch, Song of Songs, Ruth, Lamentations, Ecclesiastes, and Esther is printed.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
February 1 – The Titulus Crucis relic is discovered, during the renovation of Santa Croce in Gerusalemme Church in Rome.
March 31 – Ferdinand and Isabella sign the Alhambra Decree, expelling all Jews from Spain unless they convert to Roman Catholicism.

April—June

April 17 – The Capitulations of Santa Fe are signed between Christopher Columbus and the Crown of Castile, agreeing on arrangements for his forthcoming voyage.
May 3 – In the Canary Islands, the Spanish conquistador Alonso Fernandez de Lugo finishes the conquest of the island of La Palma by capturing Tanausu, King of the native Guanches.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
May 23 – At the shipbuilding town of Palos de la Frontera in Spain, an April 30 decree of Queen Isabella of Castile and King Ferdinand of Aragon is read aloud to the residents, directing that two ships are to be delivered to Christopher Columbus and people chosen by the Pinzon brothers will be required to travel on the voyage westward "by command of Their Highnesses").<ref>Real Provisión de los Reyes Católicos que mandaron a Diego Rodríguez Prieto y a otros compañeros, vecinos de la villa de Palos, para que tuvieran preparadas dos carabelas al servicio de Cristóbal Colón. Texto completo, Granada, 30 April 1492. Archivo General de Indias. Sección: Patronato. Signatura: PATRONATO, 295, N.3. (Castellano antiguo)</ref>
May 31 – Pope Innocent VIII and members of the College of Cardinals meet at the church of Santa Maria del Popolo in Rome with diplomatic envoys sent by the Ottoman Sultan Bayezid II. The envoys present the Pope a gift, said to be the Holy Lance, from the Sultan, along with the Sultan's proposal, payment of 120,000 crowns of gold and an annual subsidy of 45,000 ducats in return for the continued imprisonment of Cem Sultan, a half-brother of Bayezid and a rival claimant to the throne.<ref name=SV/>
June 7 – Casimir IV Jagiellon, of the Jagiellon Royal House, dies, ending his reign over Poland and Lithuania.
June 8 – Elizabeth Woodville, the last living Yorkist queen consort, dies in England.

July—September

July 25 – Pope Innocent VIII, leader of the Roman Catholic Church since 1484, dies at the age of 59 from catarrh.<ref name=SV>Template:Cite web</ref>
July 30 – Alexander Jagiellon is crowned as Grand Duke of Lithuania.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
August 2 – The Jews are expelled from Spain on the Tisha B'Av fast day, pursuant to the Alhambra Decree. More than 40,000 and perhaps as many as 200,000 leave. Sultan Bayezid II of the Ottoman Empire, learning of this, dispatches the Ottoman Navy to bring the Jews safely to Ottoman lands, mainly to the cities of Thessaloniki (in modern-day Greece) and İzmir (in modern-day Turkey);<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> others settle in Sarajevo.
August 3 – The Genoese navigator Christopher Columbus sails with three ships (Niña, Pinta and Santa María) from Palos de la Frontera, in the service of the Crown of Castile, on his first voyage across the Atlantic Ocean, intending to reach Asia.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
August 8 – The papal conclave, the first to be held in the Sistine Chapel, begins balloting with 23 of the 27 members of the College of Cardinals in attendance. With 16 votes needed for the required two-thirds majority, the first ballot is split among three candidates, with Oliviero Carafa receiving 9, Rodrigo Borja 7 and Giuliano della Rovere 5, while two cast a blank vote.<ref>Ludwig Pastor, The History of Popes (K. Paul, Trench, Trübner & Co., Ltd. 1902) p.381</ref>
August 11 – Cardinal Rodrigo Borja is unanimously elected on the fourth ballot of the papal conclave, and takes the name of Pope Alexander VI, 214th pope of the Roman Catholic Church.<ref>Setton, Kenneth Meyer. 1984. The Papacy and the Levant, 1204–1571: The 13th & 14th Centuries. ISBN 0-87169-127-2, p. 433</ref>
September 6 – Christopher Columbus sails from La Gomera in the Canary Islands, his final port of call before crossing the Atlantic Ocean for the first time.
September 23 – Jan I Olbracht is crowned as King of Poland, more than three months after the death of his father, King Casimir IV.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

October—December

October 3 – English army besieges Boulogne.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
October 12 – Christopher Columbus' expedition makes landfall in the Caribbean and lands on Guanahani, which he calls San Salvador, believing he has reached the East Indies.
October 28 – Christopher Columbus lands in Holguín, Cuba.
November 3 – The Peace of Étaples is signed between England and France, ending French support for Perkin Warbeck, the pretender to the English throne. All English-held territory in France (with the exception of Calais) is returned to France.<ref name="Cassell's Chronology">Template:Cite book</ref>
November 7 – The Ensisheim meteorite, a Template:Convert meteorite, lands in a wheat field near the village of Ensisheim in Alsace.
December 5 – Christopher Columbus becomes the first European to set foot on the island of Hispaniola.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
December 25 – Columbus' ship Santa María runs aground off Cap-Haïtien, and is lost.

Unknown dates

Martin Behaim constructs the first surviving globe of Earth, the Erdapfel. As Columbus would only return from his voyage in 1493, this globe does not show the New World yet.
The first arboretum to be designed and planted is the Arboretum Trsteno, near Dubrovnik in current-day Croatia.
Russians build the Ivangorod Fortress, on the eastern banks of the Narva River.
In Ming dynasty China, the commercial transportation of grain to the northern border, in exchange for salt certificates, is monetized.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
Ermysted's Grammar School, Skipton, North Yorkshire, is founded.
Marsilio Ficino publishes his translation and commentary of Plotinus.
Stiegl brewery first recorded in Salzburg.