1550

March 12: The Battle of Penco takes place in Chile between the armies of Spain and of the indigenous Mapuche people.

Colonisation of the New World in 1550

Year 1550 (MDL) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar.

Events

January–March

• January 6 – Spanish Captain Hernando de Santana founds the city of Valledupar, in modern-day Colombia.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• February 7 – After a 10-week conclave in Rome to elect a new Pope, Giovanni Maria Ciocchi del Monte, Bishop of Palestrina, is selected on the 61st ballot after Reginald Pole of England falls two votes short of winning. Ciocchi del Monte takes the name Pope Julius III and is crowned the next day, succeeding the late Pope Paul III.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• February 25 – (10th day of 2nd month of Tenbun 19) In Oita, Ōita Prefecture, an attack within the Ōtomo clan of Japanese samurai takes place after clan leader Ōtomo Yoshikazu seeks to disinherit his oldest son and to make his third son, Ōtomo Shioichimaru, as his designated successor. Supporters of the oldest son, Ōtomo Yoshishige, invade Yoshikazu's home and kill Shioichimaru and four other family members.<ref>Ryo Akagami, Otomo Nikai Kusuru ( Nihon Keizai Shimbun Publishing , February 21, 2018) ISBN 978-4532171469</ref>
• March 12
  • Arauco War: Battle of Penco – Several hundred Spanish and indigenous troops under the command of Pedro de Valdivia defeat an army of 60,000 Mapuche in modern-day Chile.
  • Acapulco is founded by 30 families sent from Mexico City.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• March 24 – "Rough Wooing": England and France sign the Treaty of Boulogne, by which England withdraws from Boulogne in France and returns territorial gains in Scotland.<ref name="Cassell's Chronology">Template:Cite book</ref>
• March 29 – Sherborne School in England is refounded by King Edward VI.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

April–June

• April 16 – The Valladolid debate on the rights and treatment of indigenous peoples of the Americas by their Spanish conquerors opens at the Colegio de San Gregorio in Valladolid, Castile.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref><ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
• April 30 – King Tabinshwehti of Burma is assassinated by two of his bodyguards while he is on a hunting trip. The two swordsmen, sent by Smim Sawhtut, Governor of Sittaung, behead the King, and a civil war begins as major governors rebel against the new Burmese King Bayinnaung.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• May 6 – Italian Protestant Michelangelo Florio, jailed since 1548 before being brought to trial for and sentenced to death for heresy, escapes from prison and is able flee to France.<ref>Francis A. Yates, John Florio, The Life of an Italian in Shakespeare's England (Cambridge University Press 1934)</ref>
• May 15 – The vestments controversy is resolved in the Church of England with a compromise on the style of clothing worn by Anglican priests. John Hopper is allowed ordination as the Bishop of Gloucester without being required to wear Anglican vestments, but must not forbid anyone in his bishoporic from wearing the vestments if they wish.<ref>Template:Citation</ref>
• May 20 – The Spanish Catalan city of Cullera is plundered by the Ottoman Empire General Dragut Reis,<ref>Pere Joan Porcar, Pere Joan Porcar: coses evengudes en la ciutat y regne de València: Dietari (1585-1629) (Editoriales Góngora, 1934, reprinted by Universitat de València, 2012) p.48</ref> and most of its inhabitants are sold into slavery in Algeria.
• June 12 – The city of Helsinki (now in Finland but known as Helsingfors in Sweden at this time) is founded by King Gustav I of Sweden.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• June 28 – Capture of Mahdia (1550): The Spanish Armada arrives in North Africa to begin the process of capturing the fortress of Mahdia (now in Tunisia) from control of the Ottoman Empire.<ref name=Duro>Template:Cite book</ref>

July–September

• July 21 – The Society of Jesus (Jesuits) is approved by Pope Julius III.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• July 25 – Capture of Mahdia (1550): Troops commanded by Ottoman General Turgut Reis make a counterattack on the Spanish invaders, led by General Andrea Doria. Both sides sustain heavy losses, and the Spanish succeed in forcing the Ottomans to retreat back inside Mahdia.<ref name=Duro/>
• August 5 – The University of Santa Catalina is authorized in Spain by a canonical bull from Pope Julius III.<ref>De Frías Balsa JV. Alcarreños graduados en la Pontificia y Real Universidad de Santa Catalina, en El Burgo de Osma (1612-1615). Wad-Al-Hayara. 1992; (19):355-72.</ref>
• September 2 (5th waning of Tawthalin 912 ME) – King Bayinnaung of Burma begins a four-month siege of the former Burmese capital, Toungoo, occupied by the king's rebellious brother Minkhaung.
• September 10 – Spanish troops, commanded by Genoa's General Andrea Doria, capture the Tunisian fortress of Mahdia from the Ottoman Empire after fighting that began on June 28.<ref name=Duro/>

October–December

• October 2 – Battle of Sauðafell in Iceland: Daði Guðmundsson of Snóksdalur defeats the forces of Catholic Bishop Jón Arason, resulting in Iceland becoming fully Protestant.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> Arason is captured; he is executed, along with his two sons, on November 7.
• October 16 – Altan Khan crosses the Great Wall of China and besieges Beijing, burning the suburbs.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• November 25 – Luis de Velasco becomes the second Viceroy of New Spain, which encompasses all Spanish territory in North America and Central America. Velasco succeeds Antonio de Mendoza, the first Viceroy, who has been ordered to become the Viceroy of Peru.
• December 29 – Bhuvanaikabahu VII, King of Kotte on most of the island of Sri Lanka, is assassinated by a gunman hired by the government of Portuguese India.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

Date unknown

• The summit level canal between the Alster and the Trave in Germany ceases to be navigable.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• The first grammatical description of the French language is published by Louis Maigret.<ref>Template:Cite thesis</ref>
• The first book in Slovene, Catechismus, written by Protestant reformer Primož Trubar, is printed in Schwäbisch Hall, Holy Roman Empire.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• Nostradamus' first almanac is written.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• Approximate date – The discovery of silver at Guanajuato in Mexico stimulates silver rushes.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

Births

Pope Paul V

Anne of Saint Bartholomew

King Charles IX of Sweden

• January 18 – Tsugaru Tamenobu, Japanese daimyō (d. 1607)
• February 17 – Philip of Hohenlohe-Neuenstein, Dutch army commander (d. 1606)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• February 22 – Charles de Ligne, 2nd Prince of Arenberg (d. 1616)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• March 6 – Michelangelo Naccherino, Italian sculptor (d. 1622)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• March 8 – William Drury, English politician (d. 1590)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• April 5 – Andrés Pacheco, Spanish churchman and theologian (d. 1626)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• April 9 – Giulio Pace, Italian philosopher (d. 1635)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• April 12 – Edward de Vere, 17th Earl of Oxford, Lord Great Chamberlain of England (d. 1604)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• April 16 – Francis Anthony, English apothecary and physician (d. 1623)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• April 18 – Alessandro Pieroni, Italian painter (d. 1607)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• May 8 – John I, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken (d. 1604)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• May 25 – Camillus de Lellis, Italian saint and nurse (d. 1614)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• June 16 – Marie Eleonore of Cleves, Duchess consort of Prussia (1573–1608) (d. 1608)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• June 27 – King Charles IX of France (d. 1574)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• June 28 – Johannes van den Driesche, Flemish Protestant clergyman and scholar (d. 1616)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• July 3 – Jacobus Gallus, Slovenian composer (d. 1591)
• August 6 – Enrico Caetani, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. 1599)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• August 8 – Petrus Gudelinus, Belgian jurist (d. 1619)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• September 10 – Alonso de Guzmán El Bueno, 7th Duke of Medina Sidonia, commander of the Spanish Armada (d. 1615)
• September 17 – Pope Paul V (d. 1621)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• September 29 – Joachim Frederick of Brieg, Duke of Wołów (1586–1602) (d. 1602)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• September 30 – Michael Maestlin, German astronomer and mathematician (d. 1631)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• October 1 – Anne of Saint Bartholomew, Spanish Discalced Carmelite nun (d. 1626)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• October 4 – King Charles IX of Sweden (d. 1611)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• October 8 – Antonio Zapata y Cisneros, Spanish cardinal (d. 1635)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• October 25 – Ralph Sherwin, English Roman Catholic priest (martyred 1581)
• October 28 – Stanislaus Kostka, Polish saint (d. 1568)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• November 1 – Henry of Saxe-Lauenburg, Prince-Archbishop of Bremen, Prince-Bishop of Osnabruck and Paderborn (d. 1585)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• November 6 – Karin Månsdotter, Swedish queen (d. 1612)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• December 2 – Antonio Fernández de Córdoba y Cardona, Spanish diplomat (d. 1606)
• December 6 – Orazio Vecchi, Italian composer (d. 1605)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• December 7 – Lithuanian noble Barbara Radziwiłł, wife of Sigismund II Augustus, King of Poland and Duke of Lithuania since 1547, has an elaborate coronation in Kraków as Queen consort and Grand Duchess, five months before her death at the age of 30.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• December 21
  • Aegidius Hunnius, German theologian (d. 1603)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
  • Man Singh I, Mughal noble (d. 1614)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• December 22 – Cesare Cremonini, Italian philosopher (d. 1631)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• December 28 – Vicente Espinel, Spanish writer (d. 1624)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• December 28 – Abu al-Abbas Ahmad III, the Sultan of Ifriqiya (now Tunisia), signs a six-year treaty with Spain.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
• December 29 – García de Silva Figueroa, Spanish diplomat and traveller (d. 1624)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• December 31 – Henry I, Duke of Guise (d. 1588)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• date unknown
  • Jacob ben Isaac Ashkenazi, Polish Jewish author (d. 1625)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
  • Willem Barentsz, Dutch navigator and explorer (d. 1597)
  • Anselmus de Boodt, Belgian mineralogist and physician (d. 1632)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
  • Matthijs Bril, Flemish painter (d. 1583)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
  • Helena Antonia, Austrian court dwarf (d. 1595)
  • Sarsa Dengel, Emperor of Ethiopia (d. 1597)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
  • Hugh O'Neill, Earl of Tyrone, Irish rebel (d. 1616)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
  • John Napier, Scottish mathematician (d. 1617)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• probable
  • Robert Balfour, Scottish philosopher (d. 1625)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
  • Henry Barrowe, English Puritan and Separatist (d. 1593)<ref>Template:Cite ODNB</ref>
  • Emilio de' Cavalieri, Italian composer (d. 1602)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
  • Cornelis Corneliszoon, Dutch inventor of the sawmill (d. c. 1600)
  • Philip Henslowe, English theatrical entrepreneur (d. 1616)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
  • Brianda Pereira, Azorean Portuguese heroine (d. 1620)

Deaths

Saint John of God

• January 12 – Andrea Alciato, Italian jurist and writer (b. 1492)<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
• January 22 – Jamsheed Quli Qutb Shah, second ruler of Golconda
• January 28 – Magnus III of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, Lutheran administrator of the Prince-Bishopric of Schwerin (b. 1509)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• February 22 – Francesco III Gonzaga, Duke of Mantua (b. 1533)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• March 7 – William IV, Duke of Bavaria (b. 1493)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• March 8 – John of God, Spanish friar and saint (b. 1495)<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
• April 12 – Claude, Duke of Guise, French soldier (b. 1496)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• April 13 – Innocenzo Cybo, Italian Catholic cardinal (b. 1491)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• April 30 – King Tabinshwehti of Burma (b. 1516)
• May 18 – Jean, Cardinal of Lorraine, French churchman (b. 1498)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• May 20 – Ashikaga Yoshiharu, Japanese shōgun (b. 1511)<ref>Template:Cite bookTemplate:Unreliable source?</ref>Template:Unreliable source?
• June 13 – Veronica Gambara, Italian poet (b. 1485)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• July 19 (probable date) – Jacopo Bonfadio, Italian historian, executed (b. c. 1508)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• July 22 – Jorge de Lencastre, Duke of Coimbra (b. 1481)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• July 30 – Thomas Wriothesley, 1st Earl of Southampton, English politician (b. 1505)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• August 18 – Antonio Ferramolino, Italian architect and military engineer<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• October 20 – Ferdinand, Duke of Calabria (b. 1488)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• October 23 – Tiedemann Giese, Polish Catholic bishop (b. 1480)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• October 24 – Louis of Valois, French prince (b. 1549)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• October 26 – Samuel Maciejowski, Polish Catholic bishop (b. 1499)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• November 6 – Ulrich, Duke of Württemberg (b. 1487)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• November 7 – Jón Arason, last Catholic bishop of Iceland (b. 1484)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• December 6 – Pieter Coecke van Aelst, Flemish painter (b. 1502)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• December 8 – Gian Giorgio Trissino, Italian humanist, poet, dramatist and diplomat (b. 1478)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• December 29 – Bhuvanaikabahu VII, King of Kotte (b. 1468)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• date unknown – Aq Kubek of Astrakhan, ruler of Astrakhan Khanate