1836

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March 6: The 182 Texas defenders of the Alamo are killed while defending against 2,000 Mexican Army attackers

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Events

January–March

January 1 — Hill Street Academy is named Colombo Academy and acquired by the Government, establishing the first public school in Sri Lanka.
January 1 – Queen Maria II of Portugal marries Prince Ferdinand Augustus Francis Anthony of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha.
January 5 – Former U.S. Representative Davy Crockett of Tennessee arrives in Texas to join the Texan fight for independence from Mexico.
January 12
- Template:HMS, with Charles Darwin on board, reaches Sydney.
- Will County, Illinois, is formed.
February 8 – London and Greenwich Railway opens its first section, the first railway in London, England.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
February 23 – Texas Revolution: The Battle of the Alamo begins, with an American settler army surrounded by the Mexican Army, under Santa Anna.
February 25 – Samuel Colt receives a United States patent for the Colt revolver, the first revolving barrel multishot firearms.
February 29 - Giacomo Meyerbeer's opera, Les Huguenots is performed for the first time in Paris, France.
March 1 – Texas Revolution – Convention of 1836: Delegates from many Texas communities gather in Washington-on-the-Brazos, Texas, to deliberate independence from Mexico.
March 2 – Texas Revolution – Convention of 1836: The Texas Declaration of Independence is signed by 60 delegates, and the Republic of Texas is declared.<ref>Template:Cite wikisource</ref>
March 6 – Texas Revolution: The Battle of the Alamo ends. At least 182 Texan settler soldiers die in a struggle against more than 2,000 Mexican soldiers.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
March 11 – Sultan Mahmud II abolishes the posts of Reis ül-Küttab and Kahya Bey, and establishes the Ottoman ministries of Foreign Affairs and of the Interior in their place.
March 17 – Texas Revolution – Convention of 1836: Delegates adopt the Constitution of the Republic of Texas, modeled after the United States Constitution. It allows slavery, requires free blacks to petition Congress to live in the country, but prohibits the slave trade.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
March 27
- Texas Revolution – Goliad massacre: 342 Texan prisoners are shot and killed, along with Texan General James Walker Fannin, by Mexican troops in Goliad, near the Presidio La Bahía.
- The United States Survey of the Coast is returned to the U.S. Treasury Department, and renamed the U.S. Coast Survey.
- The Kirtland Temple, the first Mormon temple, is dedicated by Joseph Smith Jr. in Kirtland, Ohio.
March 29 – Richard Wagner's opera Das Liebesverbot is performed for the first time, in Magdeburg.
March 31 (dated April) – The first monthly part of Charles Dickens's The Pickwick Papers ("The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club..., edited by Boz") is published in London.

April–June

April 20 – The Wisconsin Territory is created; the first capital is Belmont.
April 21 – Texas Revolution – Battle of San Jacinto: Mexican forces under General Antonio López de Santa Anna are defeated at San Jacinto, Texas.
April 22 – Texas Revolution: Forces under Texas General Sam Houston capture Mexican General Antonio López de Santa Anna.<ref name=Sproat>Template:Cite web</ref>
May 4 – The Ancient Order of Hibernians, an Irish Catholic fraternal organization, is founded in New York City.
May 7 – The settlement of Mayagüez, Puerto Rico is elevated to the royal status of villa, by the government of Spain.
May 14 – Texas Revolution: The Treaties of Velasco are signed, between Mexican General Antonio López de Santa Anna and the Republic of Texas. In exchange for his freedom and the guarantee of free passage back to Mexico, General Santa Anna gives his recognition to the independence of Texas. The Mexican government refuses to ratify the treaties.<ref name=Sproat/>

May 15 – During an eclipse of the Sun, English astronomer Francis Baily observes the phenomenon named after him as Baily's beads.
May 19 – Fort Parker massacre: Among those captured by Native Americans is 9-year-old Cynthia Ann Parker. She later gives birth to a son named Quanah, who becomes the last chief of the Comanche.
June 15 – Arkansas is admitted into as the 25th state of the United States of America.

July–September

July 13 – The first numbered Template:US patent (after filing 9,957 unnumbered patents) is granted to John Ruggles, for improvements to railroad steam locomotive tires.
July 21 – The Champlain and St. Lawrence Railroad opens between St. John and La Prairie, Quebec, the first steam-worked passenger railroad in British North America.
July 27 – The settlement of Adelaide, South Australia, is founded.
July 29 – The Arc de Triomphe, is dedicated in Paris, France.
July 30 – The first English-language newspaper is published in Hawaii.
August 17 – The Marriage Act in the United Kingdom establishes civil marriage and registration systems that permit marriages in nonconformist chapels, and a Registrar General of Births, Marriages, and Deaths.<ref>s:1836 (33) Registration of Births &c. A bill for registering Births Deaths and Marriages in England.</ref><ref name=CBH>Template:Cite book</ref>
August 30 – The settlement of Houston, Texas is founded.
September 1 – Rebuilding begins at the Hurva Synagogue in Jerusalem.
September 5 – Sam Houston is elected as the first president of the Republic of Texas.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
September 11 – The Riograndense Republic is proclaimed in South America.

October–December

October 2 – Charles Darwin returns to England aboard Template:HMS, with biological data he will later use to develop his theory of evolution, having left South America on August 17.
October 2: Darwin returns aboard HMS Beagle.
October 13 – Theodor Fliedner, a Lutheran minister, and Friederike, his wife, open the Deaconess Home and Hospital at Kaiserswerth, Germany, as an institute to train women in nursing.
October 22 – Sam Houston is inaugurated as first elected President of the Republic of Texas.
October 24 – The earliest United States patent for a phosphorus friction match is granted to Alonzo Dwight Phillips, of Springfield, Massachusetts.
October 25 – Construction begins on the Wilmington and Raleigh Railroad in North Carolina. Due to a lack of support in Raleigh, the route is revised to run from Wilmington to the Petersburg Railroad in Weldon.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
November 28 – The University of London is established by Royal Charter, with University College London and King's College London named as the first affiliated colleges.
December 4 – The Whig Party (United States) holds its first national convention, in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania.
December 7 – 1836 United States presidential election: Martin Van Buren defeats William Henry Harrison, and three other Whig candidates, marking the most recent time a Democrat is elected to succeed a two-term Democratic U.S. president.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
December 15 – The United States Patent Office burns in Washington, D.C.
December 26 – The Crown colony of South Australia is officially proclaimed (subsequently celebrated in the state of South Australia as Proclamation Day).
December 27 – Lewes avalanche: An avalanche at Lewes in Sussex, England, kills eight of fifteen people buried, when a row of cottages is engulfed in snow.
December 28
- Spain recognizes the independence of Mexico.
- The Colony of South Australia is founded by Captain John Hindmarsh.
December 30 – In Saint Petersburg, the Lehman Theater catches fire, killing 800 people.

Date unknown

The first printed literature in Assyrian Neo-Aramaic is produced by Justin Perkins, an American Presbyterian missionary in Persia.
The New Board brokerage group is founded in New York City.
The Sylhet Government Pilot High School is established in Sylhet as Government Provisional School
Eugène Schneider and his brother Adolphe Schneider purchase a bankrupt ironworks near the town of Le Creusot, in the Burgundy region of France, and found the steelworks and engineering company Schneider Frères & Cie.
George Catlin ends his 6-year tour of 50 tribes in the Dakota Territory.
John Murray III publishes A Hand-book for Travellers on the Continent; being a guide through Holland, Belgium, Prussia and northern Germany, and along the Rhine from Holland to Switzerland, the first of Murray's Handbooks for Travellers, in London.
Chatsworth Head is found near Tamassos, Cyprus.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
In Munich, the art museum Alte Pinakothek opened.