1954 United States House of Representatives elections
Template:Short description Template:Infobox election The 1954 United States House of Representatives elections was an election for the United States House of Representatives to elect members to serve in the 84th United States Congress. They were held for the most part on November 2, 1954, in the middle of Dwight Eisenhower's first presidential term, while Maine held theirs on September 13. Eisenhower's Republican Party lost eighteen seats in the House, giving the Democratic Party a majority that it would retain in every House election until 1994. This was nonetheless the first occasion when a Republican won a seat from Florida since 1882,<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> and the first when the GOP won a seat from Texas since 1930.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
Perhaps the major reason for the Republican defeat was the backlash against the Army–McCarthy Hearings, in which prominent Republican Senator Joseph McCarthy accused countless political and intellectual figures of having communist ties, usually with no evidence. Another issue was the Dixon–Yates contract to supply power to the Atomic Energy Commission. Other factors included a comment made in Detroit by Defense Secretary Charles Wilson, former president of General Motors, equating unemployed auto workers with "lazy kennel dogs who sit... and yell."<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
However, it has been pointed out that losses in the midterm election were considerably less than the White House party generally faces in the midterm elections, and this has been attributed to the overall popularity of President Eisenhower, who participated in the campaign along with Vice President Richard Nixon and other members of the cabinet.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
Sam Rayburn of Texas became Speaker of the House, exchanging places with new Minority Leader Joseph W. Martin Jr. of Massachusetts; they went back to what they had been before the 1952 elections.
Overall results
407 incumbent members sought reelection, but 6 were defeated in primaries and 22 defeated in the general election for a total of 379 incumbents winning.Template:Sfn
| 232 | 203 |
| Democratic | Republican |
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|
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September elections
Alabama
Arizona
| District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Template:Ushr | John Jacob Rhodes | Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1952 | Incumbent re-elected. | Template:Plainlist |
| Template:Ushr | Harold Patten | Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic | 1948 | Template:Party shading/Democratic/Hold | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. |
Template:Plainlist |
Arkansas
California
{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Template:See also Of the thirty races, two incumbents retired and were replaced by new members from their party; one Republican lost re-election to a Democrat and one Democrat lost re-election to a Republican; and twenty six incumbents were re-elected.
Colorado
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| District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Template:Ushr | Byron G. Rogers | Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic | 1950 | Incumbent re-elected. | Template:Plainlist |
| Template:Ushr | William S. Hill | Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1940 | Incumbent re-elected. | Template:Plainlist |
| Template:Ushr | John Chenoweth | Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1950 | Incumbent re-elected. | Template:Plainlist |
| Template:Ushr | Wayne N. Aspinall | Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic | 1948 | Incumbent re-elected. | Template:Plainlist |
Connecticut
| District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Template:Ushr | Thomas J. Dodd | Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic | 1952 | Incumbent re-elected. | Template:Plainlist |
| Template:Ushr | Horace Seely-Brown Jr. | Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1950 | Incumbent re-elected. | Template:Plainlist |
| Template:Ushr | Albert W. Cretella | Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1952 | Incumbent re-elected. | Template:Plainlist |
| Template:Ushr | Albert P. Morano | Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1950 | Incumbent re-elected. | Template:Plainlist |
| Template:Ushr | James T. Patterson | Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1946 | Incumbent re-elected. | Template:Plainlist |
| Template:Ushr | Antoni Sadlak | Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1946 | Incumbent re-elected. | Template:Plainlist |
Delaware
| District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Template:Ushr | Herbert Warburton | Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1952 | Template:Party shading/Democratic | Incumbent retired to run for U.S. Senator. Democratic gain. |
Template:Plainlist |
Florida
Georgia
Idaho
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| District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Template:Ushr | Gracie Pfost | Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic | 1952 | Incumbent re-elected. | Template:Plainlist |
| Template:Ushr | Hamer H. Budge | Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1950 | Incumbent re-elected. | Template:Plainlist |
Illinois
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Indiana
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Iowa
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Kansas
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| District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Template:Ushr | Howard Shultz Miller | Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic | 1952 | Template:Party shading/Republican | Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain. |
Template:Plainlist |
| Template:Ushr | Errett P. Scrivner | Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1943 | Incumbent re-elected. | Template:Plainlist |
| Template:Ushr | Myron V. George | Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1950 | Incumbent re-elected. | Template:Plainlist |
| Template:Ushr | Edward Herbert Rees | Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1936 | Incumbent re-elected. | Template:Plainlist |
| Template:Ushr | Clifford R. Hope | Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1926 | Incumbent re-elected. | Template:Plainlist |
| Template:Ushr | Wint Smith | Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1946 | Incumbent re-elected. | Template:Plainlist |
Kentucky
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Louisiana
Maine
| District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Template:Ushr | Robert Hale | Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1942 | Incumbent re-elected. | Template:Plainlist |
| Template:Ushr | Charles P. Nelson | Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1948 | Incumbent re-elected. | Template:Plainlist |
| Template:Ushr | Clifford McIntire | Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican | [[1951 Maine's 3rd congressional district special election|1951 Template:Small]] | Incumbent re-elected. | Template:Plainlist |
Maryland
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| District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Template:Ushr | Edward Tylor Miller | Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1946 | Incumbent re-elected. | Template:Plainlist |
| Template:Ushr | James Devereux | Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1950 | Incumbent re-elected. | Template:Plainlist |
| Template:Ushr | Edward Garmatz | Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic | 1947 | Incumbent re-elected. | Template:Plainlist |
| Template:Ushr | George Hyde Fallon | Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic | 1944 | Incumbent re-elected. | Template:Plainlist |
| Template:Ushr | Frank Small Jr. | Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1952 | Template:Party shading/Democratic | Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain. |
Template:Plainlist |
| Template:Ushr | DeWitt Hyde | Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1952 | Incumbent re-elected. | Template:Plainlist |
| Template:Ushr | Samuel Friedel | Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic | 1952 | Incumbent re-elected. | Template:Plainlist |
Massachusetts
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Michigan
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Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
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Montana
| District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Template:Ushr | Lee Metcalf | Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic | 1952 | Incumbent re-elected. | Template:Plainlist |
| Template:Ushr | Wesley A. D'Ewart | Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican | [[1945 Montana's 2nd congressional district special election|1945 Template:Small]] | Template:Party shading/Republican/Hold | Incumbent retired to run for U.S. Senator. Republican hold. |
Template:Plainlist |
Nebraska
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| District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Template:Ushr | Carl Curtis | Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1938 | Template:Party shading/Republican/Hold | Incumbent retired to run for U.S. senator. Republican hold. |
Template:Plainlist |
| Template:Ushr | Roman Hruska | Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1952 | Template:Party shading/Republican/Hold | Incumbent retired to run for U.S. senator. Republican hold. |
Template:Plainlist |
| Template:Ushr | Robert Dinsmore Harrison | Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1951 | Incumbent re-elected. | Template:Plainlist |
| Template:Ushr | Arthur L. Miller | Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1942 | Incumbent re-elected. | Template:Plainlist |
Nevada
| District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Template:Ushr | C. Clifton Young | Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1952 | Incumbent re-elected. | Template:Plainlist |
New Hampshire
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| District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Template:Ushr | Chester Earl Merrow | Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1942 | Incumbent re-elected. | Template:Plainlist |
| Template:Ushr | Norris Cotton | Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1946 | Template:Party shading/Republican/Hold | Incumbent retired to run for U.S. Senator. Republican hold. |
Template:Plainlist |
New Jersey
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New Mexico
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| District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Template:Ushr | John J. Dempsey | Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic | 1950 | Incumbent re-elected. | Template:Plainlist |
| Antonio M. Fernández | Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic | 1942 | Incumbent re-elected. |
New York
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North Carolina
North Dakota
| District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Template:Ushr | Usher L. Burdick | Template:Party shading/Nonpartisan League | Republican-NPL | 1948 | Incumbent re-elected. | Template:Plainlist |
| Otto Krueger | Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1952 | Incumbent re-elected. |
Ohio
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Oklahoma
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| District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Template:Ushr | Page Belcher | Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1950 | Incumbent re-elected. | Template:Plainlist |
| Template:Ushr | Ed Edmondson | Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic | 1952 | Incumbent re-elected. | Template:Plainlist |
| Template:Ushr | Carl Albert | Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic | 1946 | Incumbent re-elected. | Template:Plainlist |
| Template:Ushr | Tom Steed | Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic | 1948 | Incumbent re-elected. | Template:Plainlist |
| Template:Ushr | John Jarman | Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic | 1950 | Incumbent re-elected. | Template:Plainlist |
| Template:Ushr | Victor Wickersham | Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic | 1948 | Incumbent re-elected. | Template:Plainlist |
Oregon
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| District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Template:Ushr | A. Walter Norblad | Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1946 | Incumbent re-elected. | Template:Plainlist |
| Template:Ushr | Sam Coon | Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1952 | Incumbent re-elected. | Template:Plainlist |
| Template:Ushr | Homer D. Angell | Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1938 | Template:Party shading/Democratic | Incumbent lost renomination. Democratic gain. |
Template:Plainlist |
| Template:Ushr | Harris Ellsworth | Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1942 | Incumbent re-elected. | Template:Plainlist |
Pennsylvania
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Rhode Island
| District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Template:Ushr | Aime Forand | Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic | 1940 | Incumbent re-elected. | Template:Plainlist |
| Template:Ushr | John E. Fogarty | Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic | 1940 | Incumbent re-elected. | Template:Plainlist |
South Carolina
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| District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Template:Ushr | L. Mendel Rivers | Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic | 1940 | Incumbent re-elected. | Template:Plainlist |
| Template:Ushr | John J. Riley | Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic | 1950 | Incumbent re-elected. | Template:Plainlist |
| Template:Ushr | William J. B. Dorn | Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic | 1946 1948 Template:Small 1950 |
Incumbent re-elected. | Template:Plainlist |
| Template:Ushr | Robert T. Ashmore | Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic | 1953 | Incumbent re-elected. | Template:Plainlist |
| Template:Ushr | James P. Richards | Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic | 1932 | Incumbent re-elected. | Template:Plainlist |
| Template:Ushr | John L. McMillan | Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic | 1938 | Incumbent re-elected. | Template:Plainlist |
South Dakota
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| District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Template:Ushr | Harold Lovre | Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1948 | Incumbent re-elected. | Template:Plainlist |
| Template:Ushr | Ellis Yarnal Berry | Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1950 | Incumbent re-elected. | Template:Plainlist |
Tennessee
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Texas
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Utah
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| District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Template:Ushr | Douglas R. Stringfellow | Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1952 | Template:Party shading/Republican/Hold | Incumbent withdrew. Republican hold. |
Template:Plainlist |
| Template:Ushr | William A. Dawson | Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1952 | Incumbent re-elected. | Template:Plainlist |
Vermont
| District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Template:Ushr | Winston L. Prouty | Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1950 | Incumbent re-elected. | Template:Plainlist |
Virginia
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Washington
{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Template:See also
| District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Template:Ushr | Thomas Pelly | Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1952 | Incumbent re-elected. | Template:Plainlist |
| Template:Ushr | Jack Westland | Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1952 | Incumbent re-elected. | Template:Plainlist |
| Template:Ushr | Russell V. Mack | Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1947 | Incumbent re-elected. | Template:Plainlist |
| Template:Ushr | Hal Holmes | Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1942 | Incumbent re-elected. | Template:Plainlist |
| Template:Ushr | Walt Horan | Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1942 | Incumbent re-elected. | Template:Plainlist |
| Template:Ushr | Thor C. Tollefson | Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1946 | Incumbent re-elected. | Template:Plainlist |
| Template:Ushr | Donald H. Magnuson | Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic | 1952 | Incumbent re-elected. | Template:Plainlist |
West Virginia
| District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Template:Ushr | Bob Mollohan | Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic | 1952 | Incumbent re-elected. | Template:Plainlist |
| Template:Ushr | Harley O. Staggers | Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic | 1948 | Incumbent re-elected. | Template:Plainlist |
| Template:Ushr | Cleveland M. Bailey | Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic | 1948 | Incumbent re-elected. | Template:Plainlist |
| Template:Ushr | Will E. Neal | Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1952 | Template:Party shading/Democratic | Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain. |
Template:Plainlist |
| Template:Ushr | Elizabeth Kee | Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic | [[1951 West Virginia's 5th congressional district special election|1951 Template:Small]] | Incumbent re-elected. | Template:Plainlist |
| Template:Ushr | Robert Byrd | Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic | 1952 | Incumbent re-elected. | Template:Plainlist |
Wisconsin
Wyoming
| District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Template:Ushr | William Henry Harrison III | Template:Party shading/Republican | Republican | 1950 | Template:Party shading/Republican/Hold | Incumbent retired to run for U.S. Senator. Republican hold. |
Template:Plainlist |
Non-voting delegates
Alaska Territory
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Representative | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| Template:Ushr | Bob Bartlett | Template:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic | 1944 | Incumbent re-elected. | Template:Plainlist |
See also
Notes
References
Works cited
- Template:Cite book
- Bean Louis, Influences in the 1954 Mid-Term Elections. Washington: Public Affairs Institute, 1954
Template:1954 United States electionsTemplate:Elections to the United States House of Representatives