2005 Portuguese legislative election
Template:Short description Template:Infobox election
The 2005 Portuguese legislative election took place on 20 February. The election renewed all 230 members of the Assembly of the Republic.
These elections were called after the decision of President Jorge Sampaio on 30 November 2004 to dissolve the Parliament as an answer to the political instability caused by the government led by Pedro Santana Lopes (PSD) in coalition with the PP. Santana Lopes had become Prime Minister in July 2004, after José Manuel Durão Barroso left the country in order to become President of the European Commission in a decision that divided the country, because many Portuguese were expecting that the Socialist President Jorge Sampaio would dissolve the Parliament and call a legislative election. However, after five unstable months, President Sampaio decided to dissolve Parliament and call fresh elections. The Prime Minister nevertheless announced the resignation of the government on 11 December, in an action with no practical effects whatsoever.
The campaign started officially on 6 February and the major topics were the problematic state of the country's finances, unemployment, abortion and even José Sócrates's alleged homosexuality.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Headed by Sócrates, the centre-left Socialist Party (PS) won the election with a landslide victory, winning in 19 of the 22 electoral constituencies, including in districts such as Viseu and Bragança that historically voted for the right. The Socialist Party conquered its first absolute majority, receiving 45 percent of the electorate vote and 52 percent of the seats in the Parliament, making this the Socialists' largest ever victory in terms of vote percentage and seat count as of 2022. The centre-right parties, mainly the Social Democrats, were punished for their performance in government, and lost more than 11 percentage points they had garnered in the previous election. On the left, the Left Bloc achieved its best result ever and made the biggest climb, gaining 5 MPs, while the CDU (Communists and the Greens) gained 2 MPs and reversed their downward trend of the last elections.
Voter turnout was the highest since 1995, as 64.3 percent of the electorate cast a ballot.
Background
In the aftermath of the 2002 legislative election, PSD and CDS–PP formed a coalition government, the first coalition between both parties in nearly 20 years.<ref>"2002: O regresso da coligação de Direita ao poder", SIC Notícias, 1 October 2019. Retrieved 8 December 2023.</ref> After more than two years in office, Prime Minister José Manuel Durão Barroso announced, in June 2004, that he was resigning from office in order to become President of the European Commission.<ref>"Durão Barroso apresenta demissão para ser presidente da Comissão Europeia ", RTP, 8 September 2015. Retrieved 8 December 2023.</ref>
Fall of the government
Template:See also Deep disagreements and disputes within the Social Democratic Party began to derail the government led by Pedro Santana Lopes, the successor of Durão Barroso as prime minister.<ref>"As "trapalhadas" de Santana em 2004 (que Rio apoiou e Marcelo arrasou) ", Observador, 21 December 2017. Retrieved 23 October 2022.</ref> One of those disputes, the resignation of Youth and Sports Minister, Henrique Chaves, which was a close ally of Santana, precipitated the fall of the government, as Chaves accused Santana of not being "loyal and truthful".<ref>"Henrique Chaves demite-se do Governo por falta de «lealdade e de verdade» de Santana", Jornal de Negócios, 28 November 2004. Retrieved 23 October 2022.</ref> Following this, President Jorge Sampaio had "enough" of crises and accused the government of "contradictions and lack of coordination that contributed to its discredit".<ref>"Jorge Sampaio anuncia a dissolução do Parlamento ", RTP, 8 September 2015. Retrieved 23 October 2022.</ref> Therefore, Sampaio used his power of dissolution of Parliament and called a snap election, the only time till date such power was used in Portuguese democracy.<ref>"Jorge Sampaio vai dissolver Assembleia da República ", Público, 30 November 2004. Retrieved 23 October 2022.</ref><ref>"A bomba atómica de Sampaio", Correio da Manhã, 10 September 2021. Retrieved 23 October 2022.</ref> A new election was called, by the President, for February 2005.<ref>"Jorge Sampaio assinou hoje decreto de dissolução do Parlamento ", Público, 22 December 2004. Retrieved 23 October 2022.</ref>
Leadership changes and challenges
PSD 2004 leadership election
Following the resignation of José Manuel Durão Barroso as Prime Minister and PSD leader, the Social Democratic Party (PSD) initiated the process to elect a new leader.<ref>"Durão Barroso demite-se oficialmente", Jornal de Notícias, 5 July 2004. Retrieved 25 March 2023.</ref> Pedro Santana Lopes, by then Mayor of Lisbon, was the sole candidate for the leadership<ref>"Santana Lopes considera legítima eleição pelo Conselho Nacional do PSD ", Público, 30 June 2004. Retrieved 25 March 2023.</ref> and his name was overwhelmingly confirmed in a National Party Council meeting on 1 July 2004.<ref>"Santana Lopes indigitado pelo PSD para primeiro-ministro", Público, 11 July 2004. Retrieved 25 March 2023.</ref> The results were the following:
Template:Election table |- style="background-color:#E9E9E9" ! align="center" colspan=2 style="width: 60px"|Candidate ! align="center" style="width: 50px"|Votes ! align="center" style="width: 50px"|% |- |bgcolor=Template:Party color| | align=left | Pedro Santana Lopes | align=right | 98 | align=right | 97.0 |- | colspan=2 align=left | Against | align=right | 3 | align=right | 3.0 |- |- style="background-color:#E9E9E9" | colspan=2 style="text-align:left;" | Turnout | align=right | 101 | align=center | |- | colspan="4" align=left|Source: Results |}
Two weeks later, on 17 July 2004, Santana Lopes was sworn in as Prime Minister.<ref>"Um Governo de amigos, políticos e estreantes ", Público, 17 July 2004. Retrieved 25 March 2023.</ref>
PS 2004 leadership election
Template:Main article On early July 2004, PS leader Eduardo Ferro Rodrigues resigned from the leadership against President Jorge Sampaio decision to nominate Pedro Santana Lopes as Prime Minister, following the resignation of Durão Barroso, rather than calling a snap legislative election.<ref>"Ferro Rodrigues demite-se da liderança do PS ", Público, 9 July 2004. Retrieved 21 November 2021.</ref> New elections to select a new leader were called for 25 and 26 September 2004. Former environment minister José Sócrates, Manuel Alegre and the son of former President Mário Soares, João Soares, contested the leadership ballot.<ref>"DEBATER AS IDEIAS ESCOLHER OS PROTAGONISTAS", Acção Socialista, 29 July 2004. Retrieved 21 November 2021.</ref> José Sócrates was elected by a landslide<ref>"Sócrates eleito Secretário Geral do PS", RTP, 26 September 2004. Retrieved 21 November 2021.</ref> and the results were the following: Template:Election table |- style="background-color:#E9E9E9" ! align="center" colspan=2 style="width: 60px"|Candidate ! align="center" style="width: 50px"|Votes ! align="center" style="width: 50px"|% |- |bgcolor=Template:Party color| | align=left | José Sócrates | align=right | 18,432 | align=right | 78.6 |- |bgcolor=Template:Party color| | align=left | Manuel Alegre | align=right | 3,903 | align=right | 16.7 |- |bgcolor=Template:Party color| | align=left | João Soares | align=right | 927 | align=right | 4.0 |- | colspan=2 align=left | Blank/Invalid ballots | align=right | 175 | align=right | 0.7 |- |- style="background-color:#E9E9E9" | colspan=2 style="text-align:left;" | Turnout | align=right | 23,437 | align=center | |- | colspan="4" align=left|Source: Results |}
PCP 2004 leadership election
In the fall of 2004, PCP leader Carlos Carvalhas decided to step down from the party's leadership after 12 years in the post.<ref>"Carlos Carvalhas abandona liderança do PCP", Público, 5 October 2004. Retrieved 21 November 2021.</ref> Jerónimo de Sousa was selected as candidate for the leadership and was elected in the party's congress during the weekend of 27 and 28 November 2004.<ref>"PCP: Jerónimo de Sousa eleito secretário-geral", Público, 28 November 2004. Retrieved 21 November 2021.</ref> The results were the following: Template:Election table |- style="background-color:#E9E9E9" ! align="center" colspan=2 style="width: 60px"|Candidate ! align="center" style="width: 50px"|Votes ! align="center" style="width: 50px"|% |- |bgcolor=#f00| | align=left | Jerónimo de Sousa | align=right | 164 | align=right | 93.7 |- | colspan=2 align=left | Against | align=right | 1 | align=right | 0.6 |- | colspan=2 align=left | Abstention | align=right | 10 | align=right | 5.7 |- |- style="background-color:#E9E9E9" | colspan=2 style="text-align:left;" | Turnout | align=right | 175 | align=center | |- | colspan="4" align=left|Source: Results |}
Electoral system
The Assembly of the Republic has 230 members elected to four-year terms. Governments do not require absolute majority support of the Assembly to hold office, as even if the number of opposers of government is larger than that of the supporters, the number of opposers still needs to be equal or greater than 116 (absolute majority) for both the Government's Programme to be rejected or for a motion of no confidence to be approved.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
The number of seats assigned to each district depends on the district magnitude.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The use of the d'Hondt method makes for a higher effective threshold than certain other allocation methods such as the Hare quota or Sainte-Laguë method, which are more generous to small parties.<ref>Gallaher, Michael (1992). "Comparing Proportional Representation Electoral Systems: Quotas, Thresholds, Paradoxes and Majorities"</ref>
For these elections, and compared with the 2002 elections, the MPs distributed by districts were the following:<ref name="CNE">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Parties
The table below lists the parties represented in the Assembly of the Republic during the 9th legislature (2002–2005) and that also partook in the election:
Campaign period
Party slogans
| Party or alliance | Original slogan | English translation | Refs | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| bgcolor="Template:Party color"| | PSD | « Por amor a Portugal. » | "For love of Portugal" | <ref>Template:Cite news</ref> |
| width="1" bgcolor="Template:Party color"| | PS | « Voltar a acreditar em Portugal » | "Believing in Portugal again" | <ref>Template:Cite news</ref> |
| bgcolor="Template:Party color"| | CDS–PP | « O voto útil para Portugal » | "The useful vote for Portugal" | <ref>Template:Cite news</ref> |
| bgcolor="Template:Party color"| | CDU | « Agora é consigo » | "Now it's up to you" | <ref>Template:Cite news</ref> |
| bgcolor="Template:Party color"| | BE | « Faz toda a diferença » | "It makes all the difference" | <ref>Template:Cite news</ref> |
Candidates' debates
Opinion polling
{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Template:Chart
Voter turnout
The table below shows voter turnout throughout election day including voters from Overseas.
| Turnout | Time | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 12:00 | 16:00 | 19:00 | |||||||
| 2002 | 2005 | ± | 2002 | 2005 | ± | 2002 | 2005 | ± | |
| Total | 18.00% | 21.93% | Template:Increase 3.93 pp | 45.88% | 50.94% | Template:Increase 5.06 pp | 61.48% | 64.26% | Template:Increase 2.78 pp |
| Sources<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> | |||||||||
Results
National summary
Template:Election results Template:Bar box Template:Bar box
Distribution by constituency
Template:Election table
|- class="unsortable"
!rowspan=2|Constituency!!%!!S!!%!!S!!%!!S!!%!!S!!%!!S
!rowspan=2|Total
S
|- class="unsortable" align="center"
!colspan=2 | PS
!colspan=2 | PSD
!colspan=2 | CDU
!colspan=2 | CDS-PP
!colspan=2 | BE
|-
|align="left"| Azores
| style="background:Template:Party color; color:white;"|53.1
| 3
| 34.4
| 2
| 1.7
| -
| 4.0
| -
| 2.9
| -
| 5
|-
|align="left"| Aveiro
| style="background:Template:Party color; color:white;"|41.1
| 8
| 35.7
| 6
| 3.5
| -
| 9.8
| 1
| 5.1
| -
| 15
|-
|align="left"| Beja
| style="background:Template:Party color; color:white;"|51.0
| 2
| 12.3
| -
| 24.1
| 1
| 2.9
| -
| 4.7
| -
| 3
|-
|align="left"| Braga
| style="background:Template:Party color; color:white;"|45.4
| 9
| 32.9
| 7
| 4.8
| 1
| 7.8
| 1
| 4.6
| -
| 18
|-
|align="left"| Bragança
| style="background:Template:Party color; color:white;"|42.1
| 2
| 39.0
| 2
| 2.0
| -
| 9.7
| -
| 2.5
| -
| 4
|-
|align="left"| Castelo Branco
| style="background:Template:Party color; color:white;"|56.0
| 4
| 26.7
| 1
| 3.8
| -
| 5.3
| -
| 3.7
| -
| 5
|-
|align="left"| Coimbra
| style="background:Template:Party color; color:white;"|45.4
| 6
| 31.9
| 4
| 5.5
| -
| 5.5
| -
| 6.3
| -
| 10
|-
|align="left"| Template:HsÉvora
| style="background:Template:Party color; color:white;"|49.7
| 2
| 16.7
| -
| 20.9
| 1
| 3.7
| -
| 4.6
| -
| 3
|-
|align="left"| Faro
| style="background:Template:Party color; color:white;"|49.3
| 6
| 24.6
| 2
| 6.9
| -
| 5.8
| -
| 7.7
| -
| 8
|-
|align="left"| Guarda
| style="background:Template:Party color; color:white;"|46.8
| 2
| 34.7
| 2
| 2.9
| -
| 7.0
| -
| 3.4
| -
| 4
|-
|align="left"| Leiria
| 35.6
| 4
| style="background:Template:Party color; color:white;"|39.8
| 5
| 4.6
| -
| 8.9
| 1
| 5.5
| -
| 10
|-
|align="left"| Lisbon
| style="background:Template:Party color; color:white;"|44.1
| 23
| 23.7
| 12
| 9.8
| 5
| 8.2
| 4
| 8.8
| 4
| 48
|-
|align="left"| Madeira
| 35.0
| 3
| style="background:Template:Party color; color:white;"|45.2
| 3
| 3.6
| -
| 6.6
| -
| 3.8
| -
| 6
|-
|align="left"| Portalegre
| style="background:Template:Party color; color:white;"|54.9
| 2
| 20.2
| -
| 12.1
| -
| 4.2
| -
| 4.6
| -
| 2
|-
|align="left"| Porto
| style="background:Template:Party color; color:white;"|48.5
| 20
| 27.8
| 12
| 5.4
| 2
| 6.9
| 2
| 6.7
| 2
| 38
|-
|align="left"| Santarém
| style="background:Template:Party color; color:white;"|46.1
| 6
| 26.4
| 3
| 8.6
| 1
| 6.9
| -
| 6.5
| -
| 10
|-
|align="left"| Setúbal
| style="background:Template:Party color; color:white;"|43.6
| 8
| 16.1
| 3
| 20.0
| 3
| 5.1
| 1
| 10.3
| 2
| 17
|-
|align="left"| Viana do Castelo
| style="background:Template:Party color; color:white;"|42.0
| 3
| 33.5
| 2
| 3.8
| -
| 11.4
| 1
| 4.5
| -
| 6
|-
|align="left"| Vila Real
| style="background:Template:Party color; color:white;"|43.8
| 3
| 40.2
| 2
| 2.6
| -
| 6.8
| -
| 2.4
| -
| 5
|-
|align="left"| Viseu
| style="background:Template:Party color; color:white;"|40.4
| 4
| 40.2
| 4
| 2.2
| -
| 8.6
| 1
| 3.3
| -
| 9
|-
|style="text-align:left;" |Europe
| style="background:Template:Party color; color:white;"|54.3
| 1
| 27.2
| 1
| 4.2
| -
| 3.4
| -
| 2.3
| -
| 2
|-
|style="text-align:left;" |Outside Europe
| 26.3
| -
| style="background:Template:Party color; color:white;"|57.7
| 2
| 1.0
| -
| 3.5
| -
| 0.7
| -
| 2
|-
|- class="unsortable" style="background:#E9E9E9"
|align="left"| Total
| style="background:Template:Party color; color:white;"|45.0
| 121
| 28.8
| 75
| 7.5
| 14
| 7.2
| 12
| 6.4
| 8
| 230
|-
| colspan=12 align=left | Source: Comissão Nacional de Eleições
|}
Maps
-
Winner and seats by constituency.
-
Most voted political force by municipality.
-
Share of vote for CDU by district.
.png){kind=link}
Graphics
-
Seats won by party.
-
Gains and losses by party.
-
Share of vote by party.
