Alexander Stirling Calder

Alexander Stirling Calder (January 11, 1870 – January 7, 1945) was an American sculptor and art teacher. He won a silver medal at the World's Fair of 1904 for his statue of Philip François Renault and led the sculpture program for the 1915 Panama-Pacific Exposition after the death of Karl Bitter. His notable works include the Samuel Gross statue, George Washington on the Washington Square Arch in New York City, the Swann Memorial Fountain in Philadelphia, the Depew Memorial Fountain in Indianapolis, and the Leif Erikson Memorial in Reykjavík, Iceland.

He taught sculpture at the Pennsylvania Museum School of Industrial Art, the Throop Polytechnic Institute, and the National Academy of Design. His father, Alexander Milne Calder, and son Alexander Calder were also sculptors.

Early life and education

Calder was born on January 11, 1870, in Philadelphia,<ref name=Marter>Template:Cite book</ref> the oldest of six boys,Template:Sfn to sculptor Alexander Milne Calder and Margaret Stirling. He attended city public schools and enrolled at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts (PAFA) in Fall 1885, at age 15. He studied under Thomas Eakins for several months, until the teacher's forced resignation in February 1886. Calder remained at PAFA, studying under Thomas Anshutz and James P. Kelly. Two of his sculptures were accepted for PAFA's 1887 annual exhibition, a rare honor for a student.<ref name="Gadzinski"/>Template:Rp He worked from 1889 to 1890 as a demonstrator of anatomy at the academyTemplate:Sfn and graduated in 1890.Template:Sfn

His father designed and was then in the midst of executing, the extensive sculpture program for Philadelphia City Hall. Calder worked as an apprentice on the project during the summers, and is reported to have modeled an arm for one of the figures. He made his first trip to Europe in Summer 1889, and returned there to study the following year.<ref name="Gadzinski"/>Template:Rp

Calder moved to Paris with Charles Grafly in Fall 1890, and studied at the Académie Julian under Henri Michel Chapu. The following year, he was accepted at the École des Beaux-Arts, where he entered the atelier of Alexandre Falguière.<ref name=Tolles>Template:Cite book</ref><ref name="Gadzinski">Gadzinski, Cunningham, Panhorst et al.</ref>Template:Rp

Career

File:Swann Fountain.JPG

Swann Memorial Fountain in Logan Circle, Philadelphia

In 1892, he returned to Philadelphia and began his career as a sculptor in earnest. His first major commission, won in a national competition, was for the Samuel Gross statue for the National Mall in Washington, D.C. Another early commission was for a set of twelve statues of Presbyterian clergymen for the facade of the Witherspoon Building in Philadelphia.<ref name=Tolles/><ref name="Gadzinski"/>Template:Rp

He worked as an instructor in modeling at the Pennsylvania Museum School of Industrial Art from 1900 to 1906.<ref name=Tolles/><ref name="Men">John William Leonard, ed., Men and Things: A Biographical Dictionary of Contemporaries (New York: L. R. Hamersly & Company, 1908), p. 374.</ref> In 1904, he won a silver medal at the World's Fair of 1904 in St. Louis, Missouri, for his statue of Philip François Renault.<ref name=Marter/>

He suffered from tuberculosis and moved to Arizona in 1906 to recover his health. After his health recovered, he moved to Pasadena, California, and his family joined him.<ref name=Tolles/> In Pasadena, he modeled architectural sculpture for the Throop Polytechnic Institute (now the California Institute of Technology). He returned to the east coast in 1910 and settled in Croton-on-Hudson, New York.<ref name="Gadzinski"/>Template:Rp He taught at the National Academy of Design from 1910 to 1917 and was elected an academician in 1913.<ref name=Tolles/>

He was placed in charge of the sculpture program for the 1915 Panama-Pacific Exposition in San Francisco, California, after the death of Karl Bitter.<ref name=Marter/><ref name=Perloff>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> He obtained a studio in New York City and employed the services of model Audrey Munson who posed for him as the model for the Star Maiden statue. For the exposition, Calder completed three massive sculpture groups, The Nations of the East and The Nations of the West, which crowned triumphal arches, and a fountain group, The Fountain of Energy. Following Bitter's sudden death in April 1915, Calder completed the Depew Memorial Fountain in Indianapolis, Indiana.<ref name=Marter/>

File:Leifur heppni (603381304).jpg

Leif Erikson Memorial, Reykjavík, Iceland

Hermon Atkins MacNeil and Calder were commissioned to create sculptures for the Washington Square Arch in New York City. George Washington as Commander-in-Chief, Accompanied by Fame and Valor (1914–1916) was sculpted by MacNeil; and George Washington as President, Accompanied by Wisdom and Justice (1917–18) by Calder. These are sometimes referred to as Washington at War and Washington at Peace.<ref name=WashArch>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

He sculpted a number of ornamental works for Villa Vizcaya, the James Deering estate outside Miami, Florida.<ref name=Marter/> These included the famous Italian Barge (1917–1919), a stone folly in the shape of a boat, projecting into Biscayne Bay.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

He taught at the Art Students League of New York from 1918 to 1922.<ref name=Tolles/>

Two of his major commissions of the 1920s were the Swann Memorial Fountain in Logan Circle,<ref name=Baltzell>Template:Cite book</ref> and the architectural sculpture program for the University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

He was one of a dozen sculptors invited to compete in Oklahoma's Pioneer Woman statue competition in 1926–27,<ref>‘’Exhibition of Models for a Monument to the Pioneer Woman’’ at the Chicago Architectural Exhibition, East Galleries, Art Institute of Chicago, June 25 to August 1, 1927</ref> which was won by Bryant Baker. In 1927, he was also commissioned by the Berkshire Museum to sculpt the woodwork and fountain of the museum's Ellen Crane Memorial Room in Pittsfield, Massachusetts.<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref>

In 1929, he won the national competition for a monumental statue of Leif Eriksson, to be the gift of the United States to Iceland in commemoration of the 1000th anniversary of the Icelandic Parliament.<ref name=Perloff/>

Personal life

Calder married portrait painter Nanette LedererTemplate:Sfn on February 22, 1895, and they lived in Philadelphia for the first decade of their marriage. They had two children: Margaret Calder Hayes and Alexander Calder.<ref name="Gadzinski"/>Template:Rp

Calder died on January 7, 1945, and was interred at West Laurel Hill Cemetery in Bala Cynwyd, Pennsylvania.<ref name=rmj>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Legacy

Works from Alexander Stirling Calder will be displayed at a new museum under construction for his son's work in Philadelphia.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Selected works

Title	Image	Year	Location/GPS Coordinates	Material	Height	Notes
Dr. Samuel D. Gross Memorial<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	File:Statue of Samuel D. Gross.jpg	1895–1897	Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Template:Coord	bronze	Template:Cvt	File:Samuel D Gross LOC 00109v (cropped).jpg Posthumous portrait of Dr. Gross, based on Thomas Eakins's 1875 painting. From 1897 to 1970, the statue stood on the National Mall in Washington, D.C.:
Bust of Major General John F. Hartranft<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	File:Hartranft Smith Arch.JPG	1898	Smith Memorial Arch, West Fairmount Park, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Template:Coord	bronze	Template:Cvt	Gen. Hartranft was a U.S. Medal of Honor recipient for the First Battle of Bull Run.
citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref> (The Scholar and the Football Player)		1900	Quadrangle Dormitories, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Template:Coord,	bronze	Template:Cvt	File:University of Pennsylvania- its history, traditions, buildings and memorials- also a brief guide to Philadelphia (1918) (14578112798).jpg Located under the arch at the top of the North Steps.
Overmantel frieze: The Boar Hunt	File:Fireplace in Keil Hall - Mercersburg Academy (Chambersburg, PA.).jpg	Template:Circa1900	Keil Hall, Mercersburg Academy, Mercersburg, Pennsylvania Template:Coord	carved oak		Modeled by Calder, carved by John J. Maene.<ref>Anna Margaretta Archambault, A Guide Book of Art, Architecture, and Historic Interest in Pennsylvania (Philadelphia: John C. Winston Company, 1924), p. 250.</ref>
citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref> Major General William Joyce Sewell Monument	File:Sewell Memorial, The World's Work, Sept 1910, p.13386.jpg	1901	Harleigh Cemetery, Camden, New Jersey Template:Coord	green granite	Template:Cvt	Modeled by Calder, carved by Leland & Hall Company. Gen. Sewell was a U.S. Medal of Honor recipient for the Battle of Chancellorsville. Calder was awarded PAFA's 1905 Walter Lippincott Prize for the Sewell Cross.<ref name="Gadzinski"/>Template:Rp
Man Cub: "Sandy" Calder at Age 3	File:Man Cub MET 22.89.jpg	1901–02	Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania	plaster (original lost)	Template:Cvt	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref> The plaster was either returned to Calder or lost (by 1941).<ref name="Gadzinski"/>Template:Rp A 1922 bronze cast is at the Metropolitan Museum of Art.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	File:Calder sundial Hort Center.JPG	1903–1905	Fairmount Park Horticultural Center, West Fairmount Park, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Template:Coord	marble	Template:Cvt	Located in the Sunken Gardens: File:2008-Subaru-Cherry-Blossom-Festival-of-Greater-Philadelphia-1.jpg
citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	File:The World almanac and encyclopedia (1904) (14598348608).jpg	1904	Louisiana Purchase Exposition, St. Louis, Missouri	plaster		Calder won a silver medal for his sculpture at the 1904 World's Fair.<ref name="Gadzinski"/>Template:Rp
Philip François Renault<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	File:Calder Renault 1904 SAAM-J0050225.jpg			plaster
citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref> William Hickman Harte Memorial Cross	File:Sterling Calder Celtic Cross.JPG	Template:Circa1905	Chippiannock Cemetery, Rock Island, Illinois Template:Coord	granite	Template:Cvt	Master William Hickman Harte was a Union naval officer who died in the June 17, 1862 Battle of Saint Charles, following the sinking of the USS Mound City. Fifty years later, Harte's son located his Arkansas grave, and commissioned this cenotaph for their home town cemetery.<ref>Minda Powers-Douglas, Chippiannock Cemetery (Arcadia Publishing, 2010), p. 98.[1]</ref>
Henry Charles Lea Monument<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	File:Henry Charles Lea monument, Laurel Hill Cemetery.jpg	1911	Laurel Hill Cemetery, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Template:Coord	bronze		File:HC Lea grave LH Philly.jpg Henry Charles Lea was a noted historian. The seated figure is Clio, the Muse of History:
citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>		Template:Circa1911	National Academy of Design, Manhattan, New York City	bronze	Template:Cvt	Calder's NAD diploma piece, presented following his election as an Academician in 1913.<ref name="Dearinger">David B. Dearinger, Paintings & Sculpture at the National Academy of Design, Volume 1: 1826–1925 (Hudson Hills Press, 2004), p. 84.</ref> Robert Henri painted Calder's NAD diploma portrait.<ref name="Dearinger"/> Another bronze cast is at the Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art in Bentonville, Arkansas.<ref>Stretching Girl, from Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art.</ref>
citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>An American Stoic, from Bonham's Auction House.</ref>		1912	Rhode Island School of Design Museum, Providence, Rhode Island	bronze	Template:Cvt	A standing Sioux man wrapped in a blanket.
citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	File:StarASC.jpg	1913–1915	Oakland Museum, Oakland, California	bronze	Template:Cvt	File:The story of the exposition; being the official history of the international celebration held at San Francisco in 1915 to commemorate the discovery of the Pacific Ocean and the construction of the (14579801637).jpg The Star Maidens were balustrade figures surrounding the Court of the Universe:
Fountain of Energy (destroyed)	File:Calder Fountain of Energy SAAM-J0050248.jpg File:Perry Energy sculpturemuralso00panarich 0006.jpg File:Fountain energy.jpg File:Panama-Pacific International Exposition – Opening day.jpg	1913–1915	Panama–Pacific International Exposition, San Francisco, California	staff		File:Fountain of Energy Stirling Calder 1915.jpg "Energy, the Lord of the Isthmian Way, rides grandly upon the earth. His outstretched arms have severed the lands and let the waters pass. Upon his mighty shoulders stand Fame and Glory, heralding the coming of a conqueror. Energy, the Power of the Future, the Superman, approaches."<ref>Stella G. S. Perry, The Sculpture and Mural Decorations of the Exposition: A Photo Survey of the Art of the Panama–Pacific International Exposition (San Francisco: Paul Elder and Company, Publishers, 1921), p. 16.[2]</ref>
						File:Calder EasternHemisphere Todd vol.1 opp. p.194.jpg The globe featured a large reclining female figure with the head of a lioness, The Eastern Hemisphere, and a large reclining male figure with the head of a bull, The Western Hemisphere:
						4 sculpture groups were clustered around the globe: The Atlantic Ocean, The Pacific Ocean, The North Sea, The South Sea File:Fountain energy atlantic.jpg File:PacificASC.jpg File:Fountain energy northsea.jpg File:Calder South Sea Fountain of Energy PPIE 1915.jpg
						12 Nerieds riding dolphins were spaced around the pool's perimeter: File:Calder Nereid Riding Dolphin 1.jpg File:Calder Nereid Riding Dolphin 2.jpg
The Nations of the East<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref> (destroyed)	File:Nationa of the East.jpeg File:Calder Arch Rising Sun Story of Expo vol.2 p.139.jpg	1913–1915	atop The Arch of the Rising Sun, Panama–Pacific International Exposition, San Francisco, California	staff
The Nations of the West<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref> (destroyed)	File:The Nations of the West - Project Gutenberg eText 16960.jpg File:Todd Story of Exposition vol.2 opp. p.142.jpg	1913–1915	atop The Arch of the Setting Sun, Panama–Pacific International Exposition, San Francisco, California	staff		File:Calder Enterprise American Architect Dec 1920 p.779.jpg Crowning figure: Enterprise
	File:Todd Story of Exposition vol.2 opp. p.70.jpg Central figure: The Mother of Tomorrow
Depew Memorial Fountain	File:DepewFountain.jpg	1915–1917	University Park, Indianapolis, Indiana Template:Coord	bronze	Crowning figure: Template:Cvt	File:Depew Memorial Fountain - Maquette.jpg Calder completed this commission following sculptor Karl Bitter's 1915 death. Bitter's 1915 maquette for the fountain:
George Washington as President, Accompanied by Wisdom and Justice<ref name=WashArch/>	File:Washington in Peace Calder.jpg	1917–18	Washington Square Arch, Washington Square, Manhattan, New York City Template:Coord	marble	Template:Cvt	File:The Washington Square Arch, Greenwich Village, NY (5).jpg Sometimes called Washington at Peace. Hermon Atkins MacNeil modeled Washington at War (1914–16). The pair flank the north side of the arch.
citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref> (Delights and Terrors of the Sea)	File:Coco Grove FL Vizcaya barge02.jpg	1917–1919	"Villa Vizcaya" (James Deering estate), Coconut Grove, Florida Template:Coord	limestone		File:American Architect Feb 28, 1917 p.147.jpg Calder's barge sculptures were criticized for being "excessively erotic."Template:Sfn The eroded sculptures were used to cast concrete replicas in 1981.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Garden sculpture	File:Calder Vizcaya AmericanArchitect Dec1920 p.730.jpg	File:Vizcaya - panoramio (13).jpg File:Busts - Vizcaya Museum and Gardens - Miami, Florida - DSC08625.jpg File:Shepherd group - Vizcaya Museum and Gardens - Miami, Florida - DSC08703.jpg File:Gate - Vizcaya Museum and Gardens - Miami, Florida - DSC08283.jpg File:Villa Vizcaya - IMG 8050.JPG
citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	File:Calder Little Dear 1921 SAAM-J0050084.jpg	1918–1921	Denver Art Museum, Denver, Colorado	bronze	Template:Cvt	A Template:Cvt version is a promised gift to Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art.<ref>The Little Dear with the Tiny Black Swan, from Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art.</ref>
Swann Memorial Fountain<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref> (Fountain of Three Rivers)	File:Logan Square in Phila..JPG	1920–1924	Logan Circle, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Template:Coord	bronze	Central figures: Template:Cvt	File:Swann Fountain Delaware.JPG Wilson Eyre, architect. The female allegorical figures represent the Schuylkill River and the Wissahickon Creek. The male Lenni Lenape figure represents the Delaware River.
Naiad with Tragic Mask<ref>Naiad with Tragic Mask, from PAFA.</ref> Model for a Fountain	File:Calder Naiad with Tragic Mask SAAM-J0050115.jpg	Template:Circa1920	Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania	painted plaster	Template:Cvt	A bronze cast is at the Reading Public Museum in Reading, Pennsylvania.<ref>Naiad with Mask, from Reading Public Museum.</ref> A larger plaster version is at the Montclair Art Museum in Montclair, New Jersey.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	File:Scratching Her Heel MET 270706.jpg	1921	Metropolitan Museum of Art, Manhattan, New York City	bronze	Template:Cvt	Another bronze cast is at the Telfair Museum of Art in Savannah, Georgia.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	File:Calder Last Dryad SAAM-J0050118-000001.jpg	1921	Philadelphia Museum of Art, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania	plaster	Template:Cvt	File:The Last Dryad by Alexander Stirling Calder - University of California, Berkeley - DSC04911.JPG A 1926 bronze cast is at the University of California, Berkeley.
Shakespeare Memorial<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref> (Tragedy and Comedy, Hamlet and the Fool)	File:Shakespeare monument - panoramio.jpg	1923–1926	In front of the Free Library of Philadelphia, Logan Square, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Template:Coord	bronze	Template:Cvt	File:Shakespeare Memorial Philly.JPG Gilbert McIlvaine, architect Touchstone and Prince Hamlet: Another bronze cast is at Brookgreen Gardens.<ref>Tragedy and Comedy, from SIRIS.</ref>
Head of George Bellows<ref>George Bellows, from SIRIS.</ref>		1925	Conner-Rosenkranz Gallery, Manhattan, New York City	plaster	Template:Cvt	A bronze cast is at the New York Historical Society.<ref>George Wesley Bellows, from SIRIS.</ref>
Our Lady and the Holy Child<ref>Our Lady and the Holy Child, from SIRIS.</ref> (A Study in French Gothic Style)	File:Calder Our Lady 1926 SAAM-J0050097.jpg	1926	St. Mary's of Redford Church, Detroit, Michigan	marble	Template:Cvt	Located in a niche behind the High Altar.<ref>Our Lady and the Holy Child, from Andy Hoxie via Flickr.</ref>
Pioneer Woman (Self-Reliant)<ref>Pioneer Woman, from SIRIS.</ref>	File:Calder Pioneer Woman SAAM-S0000367.jpg	1926–27	Woolaroc Museum, Bartlesville, Oklahoma Template:Coord	bronze	Template:Cvt	One of twelve bronze models created by American sculptors for the 1927 Pioneer Woman statue competition. Bryant Baker won the commission. His heroic-sized Pioneer Woman was dedicated in 1930, in Ponca City, Oklahoma. Calder received a $10,000 honorarium for his model.<ref name="CSM7">Template:Cite news</ref>
Bust of John James Audubon<ref>John James Audubon, from SIRIS.</ref>	File:Calder Audubon 1927 SAAM-S0000369.jpg	1927	Hall of Fame for Great Americans, Bronx Community College, Bronx, New York City Template:Coord	bronze
Leif Eriksson Memorial<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>Template:Anchor	File:Reykjavik-31-Hallgrimskirche-Leifur Eiriksson-2018-gje.jpg File:LeifurEiriksson10.JPG	1929–1932	Hallgrímskirkja Cathedral, Reykjavík, Iceland	bronze	Template:Cvt	File:Áletrun á styttu af Leifi Eiríkssyni.JPG Gift of the United States commemorating the 1000th anniversary of the founding of the Althing, Iceland's parliament. The statue appeared on a U.S. postage stamp and an Icelandic coin. Calder's plaster model is at the Smithsonian American Art Museum.<ref>Leif Ericson, from SIRIS.</ref> File:View from the top of Hallgrímskirkja.JPG A bronze cast is at the Mariners' Museum in Newport News, Virginia.<ref>Leif Ericson, from SIRIS.</ref> View from the cathedral's tower, looking west to the Atlantic Ocean:
Cruel Nature: Self-Portrait at Age 60<ref>Self-mask, from SIRIS.</ref><ref>A. Stirling Calder Self-Portrait, from National Portrait Gallery.</ref>	File:Calder Cruel Nature 1930 SAAM-J0050231.jpg	Template:Circa1930	National Portrait Gallery, Washington, D.C.	terra cotta	Template:Cvt
Robert Henri: The Painter-Teacher with the Gift of Friendship<ref>Robert Henri, from PAFA.</ref><ref>Bust of Robert Henri, from SIRIS.</ref> (Posthumous Bust of Robert Henri)	File:Calder Robert Henri SAAM-J0050172.jpg	1934	Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania	plaster (unlocated)<ref>Model of Bust of Robert Henri, from SIRIS.</ref>	Template:Cvt	Calder and Henri (1865–1929) had been friends since 1885, when both were first-year students at PAFA.<ref name="Gadzinski"/>Template:Rp Calder's widow had a bronze cast made of the bust in 1947, which she donated to PAFA.<ref name="Gadzinski"/>Template:Rp
Posthumous Bust of John Singer Sargent<ref>Bust of John Singer Sargent, from SIRIS.</ref>	File:Calder Sargent 1934 SAAM-J0050237.jpg	Template:Circa1934	Bronx Community College, Bronx, New York City	plaster
Introspection	File:Calder Introspection 1935 SAAM-J0050044.jpg	Template:Circa1935		plaster
Continental Post Rider<ref>Continental Post Rider, from SIRIS.</ref>	File:Sculpture "Continental post rider," by Alexander Stirling Calder at the Ariel Rios Federal Building, Washington, D.C LCCN2013634477.tif	1936	William Jefferson Clinton Federal Building, Washington, D.C.	aluminum	Template:Cvt
Bust of William Penn<ref>William Penn, from SIRIS.</ref>	File:Wmpennhofjeh.JPG	1936	Hall of Fame for Great Americans, Bronx Community College, Bronx, New York City Template:Coord	bronze
citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref> (The Dance of Life)	File:Calder Dance of Life SAAM-J0050049.jpg	1938	Brookgreen Gardens, Murrells Inlet, South Carolina Template:Coord	Indiana limestone	Template:Cvt
Bishop William White<ref>[3] Template:Webarchive</ref><ref>Right Reverend William White, from SIRIS.</ref>	File:Bishop William White by Alexander Stirling Calder, Washington Memorial Chapel.jpg	1940	Washington Memorial Chapel, Valley Forge, Pennsylvania Template:Coord	bronze		The Right Reverend White was the first bishop of the American Episcopal Church. Calder's last major commission.
Bust of Winston Churchill<ref>Winston Churchill, from SIRIS.</ref>	File:Calder Churchill 1943 SAAM-J0050194.jpg	1943		plaster		Inscription: "HAVE FAITH, HAVE HOPE, DELIVERANCE IS SURE." JULY 14, 1941.

Architectural sculpture

• Twelve cast stone figures of Presbyterian clergymen, Witherspoon Building, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 1898–99, Joseph Miller Huston, architect.
  • Six of the figures were removed in 1961, and relocated to the garden of the Presbyterian Historical Society.<ref>Witherspoon Building Figures, from SIRIS.</ref>

• Reverend Marcus Whitman
  Reverend Marcus Whitman
• Reverend James Caldwell
  Reverend James Caldwell
• Reverend Samuel Davies
  Reverend Samuel Davies
• Reverend John McMillan
  Reverend John McMillan
• Reverend John Witherspoon
  Reverend John Witherspoon
• Reverend Francis Makemie
  Reverend Francis Makemie

• Six spandrel figures, cast concrete, Throop Polytechnic Institute (now California Institute of Technology), Pasadena, California, 1906–1909, Myron Hart & Elmer Grey, architects.<ref name="Am Arch">A. Stirling Calder, "The Relationship of Sculpture to Architecture," The American Architect, vol. 68, no. 2346 (8 December 1920), p. 778.</ref>
  • Nature and Art, Energy and Law, Science and Imagination<ref>Spandrel figures, from SIRIS.</ref>
• Oakland Civic Auditorium, Oakland, California, 1914, John J. Donovan, architect.<ref>Oakland Auditorium Panels, from SIRIS.</ref>
  • The Riches of the Earth – Seven terra cotta, half-domed friezes within the arched entrances.Category:Riches of the Earth (1915) by Alexander Stirling Calder – Wikimedia Commons
• Missouri State Capitol, Jefferson City, Missouri, 1924, Tracy and Swartwout, architects.
  • South Frieze, limestone, Template:Cvt x Template:Cvt, depicts Missouri history in 13 bas relief panels.<ref>South Frieze, from SIRIS.</ref> The frieze flanks the tops of the central portico's columns and continues behind them.
  • North Frieze, limestone, bas relief panels depict Native Americans and Europeans.<ref>Pediment at Missouri State Capitol, from SIRIS.</ref> The frieze flanks the tops of the central columns and continues inside the curved portico.

• Throop Polytechnic Institute, Template:Circa1910.
  Throop Polytechnic Institute, Template:Circa1910.
• Oakland Civic Auditorium, Template:Circa1917
  Oakland Civic Auditorium, Template:Circa1917
• Half-domed frieze
  Half-domed frieze
• Missouri State Capitol, south façade.
  Missouri State Capitol, south façade.
• Missouri State Capitol, north facade.
  Missouri State Capitol, north facade.

• Four figures of famous actresses, marble, I. Miller Building, Broadway and West 46th Street, Manhattan, New York City, 1927–1929:

• I. Miller Building facade
  I. Miller Building facade
• Ethel Barrymore as Ophelia<ref>Ethel Barrymore as Ophelia, from SIRIS.</ref>
  Ethel Barrymore as Ophelia<ref>Ethel Barrymore as Ophelia, from SIRIS.</ref>
• Rosa Ponselle as Norma<ref>Rosa Ponselle as Norma, from SIRIS.</ref>
  Rosa Ponselle as Norma<ref>Rosa Ponselle as Norma, from SIRIS.</ref>
• Marilyn Miller as Sunny<ref>Marilyn Miller as Sunny, from SIRIS.</ref>
  Marilyn Miller as Sunny<ref>Marilyn Miller as Sunny, from SIRIS.</ref>
• Mary Pickford as Little Lord Fauntleroy<ref>Mary Pickford as Little Lord Fauntleroy, from SIRIS.</ref>
  Mary Pickford as Little Lord Fauntleroy<ref>Mary Pickford as Little Lord Fauntleroy, from SIRIS.</ref>

File:University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology.JPG

University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology

• Sculpture program for University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, completed 1931, Wilson Eyre, Frank Miles Day, and Cope & Stewardson, architects:
  • Lion's Head Fountain (1920s).<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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• • Peacock doorway (1920s).<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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• • Youth doorway (1920s).<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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• • Gateposts (1920s): Asia,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref> Africa,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Europe,<ref name="philart2">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> America<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Medallions

• Life as a Dance (Template:Circa1938), Metropolitan Museum of Art, Manhattan, New York City<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

• File:Life as a Dance MET AW 38 111 2-001.jpg
• File:Life as a Dance MET AW 38 111 2-002.jpg

References

Citations Template:Reflist

Sources

• Template:Cite book
• Fairmount Park Art Association, Sculpture of a City: Philadelphia's Treasures in Bronze and Stone, Walker Publishing Co., Inc, New York. NY 1974
• Falk, Peter Hastings, ed., Who was Who in American Art, Sound View Press, Madison Connecticut, 1985
• Gadzinski, Cunningham, Panhorst et al., American Sculpture in the Museum of American Art of the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, Museum of American Art of the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 1997
• Template:Cite journal
• Opitz, Glenn B ed., Mantle Fielding's Dictionary of American Painters, Sculptors & Engravers, Apollo Book, Poughkeepsie NY, 1986
• Template:Cite book
• Proske, Beatrice Gilman, Brookgreen Gardens Sculpture, Brookgreen Gardens, South Carolina, 1968

Further reading

• Bach, Penny Balkin, Public Art in Philadelphia, Temple University Press, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 1992
• Calder, A. Sterling, Thoughts of A. Stirling Calder on Art and Life, Privately published, New York, 1947
• Craven, Wayne, Sculpture in America, University of Delaware Press, 1984
• Hayes, Margaret Calder Three Alexander Calders, Paul S Eriksson Publisher, Middlebury, Vermont, 1977 Template:ISBN

External links

• Template:Internet Archive author
• Biography at West Laurel Hill Cemetery web site
• Template:Find a Grave