Calvary Cemetery (Queens)

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Template:Short description Template:Infobox Cemetery

Calvary Cemetery is a Catholic cemetery in Maspeth and Woodside, Queens, in New York City, New York, United States. With about three million burials,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> it has the largest number of interments of any cemetery in the United States.<ref>Interment.net</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Established in 1848, Calvary Cemetery covers Template:Cvt and is owned by the Archdiocese of New York and managed by the Trustees of St. Patrick's Cathedral.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Calvary Cemetery is divided into four sections, spread across the neighborhoods of Maspeth and Woodside. The oldest, First Calvary, is also called "Old Calvary". The Second, Third and Fourth sections are all considered part of "New Calvary".

History

Establishment

File:Belcher Hyde Blissville map.jpg
Map of Blissville from 1873, showing Calvary Cemetery, from the Greater Astoria Historical Society

In 1817, the Trustees of Old St. Patrick's Cathedral on Mott Street, Manhattan, realized that their original cemetery on Mulberry Street was almost full. In 1847, faced with cholera epidemics and a shortage of burial grounds in Manhattan, the New York State Legislature passed the Rural Cemetery Act authorizing nonprofit corporations to operate commercial cemeteries. On October 29, 1845 Old St. Patrick's Cathedral trustees had purchased Template:Cvt of land from John McMenoy and John McNolte in Maspeth and this land was used to develop Calvary Cemetery. The cemetery was named after Mount Calvary, where Jesus Christ was crucified according to the New Testament.

The first Calvary Cemetery burial occurred on July 31, 1848. The name of the deceased was Esther Ennis, who reportedly "died of a broken heart." The cemetery was consecrated by Archbishop John Hughes in August 1848.<ref name=":0" />

Operation

File:Calvary Cemetery gate 2020 jeh.jpg
Blissville gate of Old Calvary

By 1852 there were 50 burials a day, half of them poor Irish under seven years of age. In the early 20th century, influenza and tuberculosis epidemics caused a shortage of gravediggers, and people dug graves for their own loved ones.<ref name=":0">Template:Cite news</ref> The entire number of interments from the cemetery's opening in August 1848 until January 1898, was 644,761. From January 1898 until 1907 there were about 200,000 interments, thus yielding roughly 850,000 interments at Calvary Cemetery by 1907.<ref>The journal of the American Irish Historical Society, Volume 7 (1907)</ref>

Calvary was accessible by ferryboats crossing the East River from 23rd Street in Manhattan. It cost an adult seven dollars to be buried there. Burial of children under age seven cost three dollars; children aged seven to fourteen cost five dollars. As development in Manhattan's East Village expanded, bodies buried in that neighborhood were transferred to Queens. In 1854, ferry service opened by 10th Street and the East River.

The original division of the cemetery, now known as First Calvary or Old Calvary, was filled by 1867. The Archdiocese of New York expanded the area of the cemetery, adding more sections, and by the 1990s there were nearly 3 million burials in Calvary Cemetery. The Cemetery continues to add plots and burial spaces can be purchased in advance.

In 1949, several hundred workers at the cemetery went on strike.

Description

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Aerial view of First Calvary in 2020
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Fourth Calvary with the double-decked Long Island Expressway in 2009

Calvary is split into four sections. The first section is known as First Calvary or Old Calvary, and is located to the west of the section of the Brooklyn–Queens Expressway (I-278) that runs between the Long Island Expressway (I-495) interchange and Newtown Creek. The others are known collectively as New Calvary, and as a group to the east of the above-mentioned section of the Brooklyn–Queens Expressway.

  1. First Calvary Cemetery is bounded by the Brooklyn–Queens Expressway, Review Ave and 37th Street.
  2. Second Calvary Cemetery is in-between the Long Island and Brooklyn–Queens Expressways, and also bounded by 48th Street and 58th Street. The cemetery's offices are located here, at 49–02 Laurel Hill Boulevard.
  3. Third Calvary Cemetery is north of the Brooklyn–Queens Expressway, and also bounded by Queens Boulevard, 49th Street and 58th Street.
  4. Fourth Calvary Cemetery is south of the Long Island Expressway, and also bounded by 55th Avenue, 50th Street and 58th Street.

The cemetery's chapel is named for St. Callixtus and was designed by Raymond F. Almirall.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Originally a frame structure, it was rebuilt using limestone in 1908.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Calvary Veterans Park

File:Calvary monument. 69th Regiment 1.JPG
69th Regiment monument
File:Calvary monument. Union soldier.JPG
Statue of a Union soldier

A small part of the Old Calvary section of the cemetery is a city-owned public park that serves as a burial ground, the Calvary Veterans Park. It was purchased by the City of New York from the Trustees of St. Patrick's Cathedral in 1863, for use as a burial ground for Union soldiers who died in New York hospitals. Twenty-one soldiers were ultimately buried there, with the final burial occurring in 1909.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

The Calvary Monument in the park, erected in 1866, originally with bronze sculptures is located in the park. The monument honors the 69th Regiment. It is by Daniel Draddy, one of the Draddy Brothers, who sculpted the obelisk to William James MacNeven.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> There is no signage from either entrance, nor any mention on the official web site's maps. It is located at Template:Coord. The monument was last renovated in 1929. A conservation effort was initiated in 2009, but Template:As of is not done.

Notable burials

Entertainers

Law enforcement professionals

  • Irma Lozada (1959–1984Template:KIA) a.k.a. "Fran," was a member of the New York City Transit Police who was slain in 1984, becoming the first female police officer to die in the line of duty in New York City.
  • Joseph Petrosino (1860–1909), NYPD's first commanding officer of the "Black Hand Squad" (aka Italian Squad), a precursor to the NYPD's Bomb Squad, who investigated the Italian Mafia who used explosives to shake down businesses in NYC. Detective Lieutenant Petrosino, an Italian-American, was the first NYPD officer killed overseas in the "line of duty", while investigating organized crime in Italy. Subject of the film Pay or Die.
  • Mary A. Sullivan (1878/1879–1950), first woman in NYPD to be a homicide detective, lieutenant and first grade detective. Founded the Policewoman's Endowment Association.<ref name="MarySullivan">Template:Cite news</ref>

Military figures

Organized crime figures

Politicians

File:Governor Al Smith Gravesite.jpg
Grave of Al Smith

Sportspeople

Writers

Others

See also

References

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