Close central unrounded vowel
Template:Short description Template:Infobox IPA Template:IPA vowels
The close central unrounded vowel, or high central unrounded vowel,<ref>Template:Vowel terminology</ref> is a type of vowel sound used in some languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is Template:Angbr IPA, namely the lower-case letter i with a horizontal bar. Both the symbol and the sound are commonly referred to as barred i.
Occasionally, this vowel is transcribed Template:Angbr IPA (centralized Template:Angbr IPA) or Template:Angbr IPA (centralized Template:Angbr IPA).<ref>See e.g. Template:Harvcoltxt, who transcribes the unrounded central realization of the English Template:Sc2 vowel Template:IPA with the symbol Template:IPA.</ref>
The close central unrounded vowel is the vocalic equivalent of the rare post-palatal approximant Template:IPA.<ref>Instead of "post-palatal", it can be called "retracted palatal", "backed palatal", "palato-velar", "pre-velar", "advanced velar", "fronted velar" or "front-velar".</ref>
Features
Template:Close vowel Template:Central vowel Template:Unrounded vowel
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Occurrence
Template:IPA is uncommon as a phoneme in Indo-European languages, occurring most commonly in some Slavic languages, such as Belarusian and Russian (see ы). However, it is very common as a separate phoneme in the indigenous languages of the Americas and is often in phonemic contrast with other close vowels such as Template:IPA and Template:IPA both in modern living languages as well as reconstructed proto-languages (such as Proto-Uto-Aztecan). Campbell, Kaufman, and Smith-Stark identify the presence of this vowel phoneme as an areal feature of a Mesoamerican Sprachbund (although that is not a defining feature of the entire area).<ref>Template:Harvcoltxt</ref>
The sound of Polish Template:Angbr is often represented as Template:IPA, but actually it is a close-mid advanced central unrounded vowel, more narrowly transcribed Template:IPA.Template:Sfnp Similarly, European Portuguese unstressed Template:Angbr, often represented as Template:IPA, is actually a near-close near-back unrounded vowel,Template:Sfnp more narrowly transcribed using ad hoc symbols such as Template:IPA (mid-centralized), Template:IPA (fronted) and Template:IPA (less rounded, i.e. unrounded).
Near-close central unrounded vowel
Some languages feature the near-close central unrounded vowel, which is slightly lower. It is most often transcribed in IPA with Template:Angbr IPA and Template:Angbr IPA, but other transcriptions such as Template:Angbr IPA and Template:Angbr IPA are also possible. In many British dictionaries, this vowel has been transcribed Template:Angbr IPA, which captures its height; in the American tradition it is more often Template:Angbr IPA, which captures its centrality, or Template:Angbr IPA,<ref>Template:Harvcoltxt</ref> which captures both. Template:Angbr IPA is also used in a number of other publications, such as Accents of English by John C. Wells. In the third edition of the Oxford English Dictionary, Template:Angbr IPA represents variation between Template:IPA and Template:IPA.Template:Sfnp
Features
Template:Near-close vowel Template:Central vowel Template:Unrounded vowel
Occurrence
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AmharicTemplate:Sfnp | Template:Lang/Template:Transliteration | Template:IPA | 'root' | Near-close.Template:Sfnp | |
| Berber | Central Atlas Tamazight<ref>Template:Harvcoltxt</ref> | Template:Lang/Template:Lang | Template:IPA | 'to work' | Epenthetically inserted into consonant clusters before labial and coronal consonants. |
| English | Inland Southern AmericanTemplate:Sfnp | Template:Lang | Template:IPA | 'good' | Corresponds to Template:IPAblink in other dialects. See English phonology |
| Southeastern English<ref name="lodge174">Template:Harvcoltxt</ref> | Template:IPA | May be rounded Template:IPAblink instead;<ref name="lodge174"/> it corresponds to Template:IPAblink in other dialects. See English phonology | |||
| London<ref name="alwa">Template:Harvcoltxt</ref><ref name="mott75">Template:Harvcoltxt</ref> | lip | Template:IPA | 'lip' | Possible realization of Template:IPA.<ref name="alwa"/><ref name="mott75"/> | |
| South AfricanTemplate:Sfnp | Template:IPA | For some speakers it can be equal to Template:IPAblink. General and Broad varieties of SAE have an allophonic variation, with Template:IPA (Template:IPAblink in Broad) occurring near velar and palatal consonants, and Template:IPA elsewhere. See South African English phonology | |||
| Southern American<ref name="wells534">Template:Harvcoltxt</ref> | Template:IPA | Allophone of Template:IPA before labial consonants, sometimes also in other environments.<ref name="wells534"/> | |||
| Irish | Template:Lang | Template:IPA | 'salty' | Allophone of Template:IPA between broad consonants. See Irish phonology | |
| Ulster<ref name="ulir">Template:Harvcoltxt</ref> | saol | [sɨ̞l] | 'life' | Allophone of Template:IPA. Near-close.<ref name="ulir"/> | |
| Mah MeriTemplate:Sfnp | Template:IPA | 'to be drunk' | |||
| Mapudungun<ref name="sadowsky">Template:Harvcoltxt</ref> | Template:Lang | Template:IPA | 'male cousin on father's side' | Unstressed allophone of Template:IPA.<ref name="sadowsky"/> | |
| TeraTemplate:Sfnp | Template:Lang | Template:IPA | 'to give' | Allophone of Template:IPA in closed syllables.<ref>Template:Harvcoltxt</ref> | |
| Welsh | Northern dialectsTemplate:Sfnp | pump | Template:IPA | 'five' | Near-close when short.Template:Sfnp Template:IPA merges with Template:IPA in southern dialects. See Welsh phonology |
See also
Notes
References
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