Farringdon station

Template:Short description Template:Distinguish Template:Use dmy dates Template:Use British English Template:Infobox London station

Farringdon (Template:IPAc-en) is an interchange station located in Clerkenwell, London, England, in the London Borough of Islington, just outside the boundary of the City of London for London Underground, Elizabeth line and National Rail services.

The London Underground station is on the Circle, Hammersmith & City, and Metropolitan lines, between King's Cross St Pancras and Barbican stations. The Elizabeth line station is between Tottenham Court Road and Liverpool Street stations. The National Rail station is on the Thameslink route between Template:Rws and Template:Rws.

Opened in 1863 as the terminus of the Metropolitan Railway, the world's first underground passenger railway, Farringdon is one of the oldest surviving underground railway stations in the world.

History

The station was opened on 10 January 1863 as the terminus of the original Metropolitan Railway, the world's first underground metro line. The station, initially named Farringdon Street, was originally a short distance from the present station building. The line ran from the Farringdon area to Template:Stl, a distance of Template:Cvt.

The station was relocated on 23 December 1865 when the Metropolitan Railway opened an extension to Moorgate. It was renamed Farringdon & High Holborn on 26 January 1922 when the new building by the architect Charles Walter Clark<ref name="eh_1298047" /> facing Cowcross Street was opened, and its present name was adopted on 21 April 1936.<ref name="rose">Template:Cite book</ref> It was built in conjunction with a freight station to take livestock to a slaughterhouse to its south-east to supply Smithfield Market; remains of cattle ramps on a street outside the market, West Smithfield. Smithfield was redesignated as a wholesale 'deadmeat' market in the 19th century and the freight station was last used in the 1920s.

The lines from Farringdon towards King's Cross St. Pancras run alongside the Fleet ditch, culverted since 1734.<ref>"The Farringdon Wards of the City of London ... some notes on their history" p5: T Sharp 2000</ref> The station building is unusually well-preserved early 20th-century London Underground architecture. It retains indications of the Metropolitan Railway's main-line style operation such as a sign for a parcel office on the outer wall and some original signage, with the 1922–1936 name on the facade.

After the bay platforms at Template:Stl closed on 21 March 2009, Southeastern services that previously terminated at Blackfriars were extended to Template:Stl, St. Albans, Luton or Bedford, calling at this station.<ref name="fcc_thames">Template:Cite web</ref> Thameslink trains to Moorgate ceased at the same time.

Recent and current developments

Farringdon has recently received significant upgrades to allow it to meet the needs of a series of major rail upgrade projects: The Thameslink Programme was a major upgrade to the existing north-south Thameslink route, enabling longer and more frequent trains, completed in 2018; and the Four Lines Modernisation involves the wholesale resignalling of the London Underground's sub-surface lines bringing a major boost in capacity to Circle, Hammersmith & City and Metropolitan line services calling at Farringdon.<ref name=":2">Template:Cite web</ref> In addition the station has been significantly expanded to serve as a stop on the new east-west Elizabeth line providing interchange between Thameslink and the Elizabeth line.

Once all these projects have been completed, Farringdon will be one of the country's busiest stations with approximately 200 Template:Abbr, an average of one departure every 20 seconds.<ref>Template:Citation Template:Cbignore</ref> A new building, housing a dedicated ticket hall, has been constructed to serve these extra passengers. The new building is to the immediate south of the original station, which itself has been upgraded as part of the programme.

An additional entrance has also been built at the north end of the original station, onto Turnmill Street.

Thameslink upgrade

Farringdon Station has been rebuilt<ref name="nr_6282">Template:Cite web</ref> to accommodate longer Thameslink trains and to make other improvements to the station.<ref name="nr_6270">Template:Cite web</ref> The existing station building has been refurbished with a new roof canopy covering the north end of all four platforms and a new entrance and concourse facing Turnmill Street. An additional ticket hall has been built on the south side of Cowcross Street providing access to the Thameslink platforms, which have been extended southwards underneath this building, allowing the station to handle 240 m (12-carriage) trains. Platforms have been widened to accommodate increased passenger numbers. This process required the bridge that formed Cowcross Street to be demolished and rebuilt.<ref>Network Rail (2004a) – pg.27, paragraph 2.6.5</ref> Cowcross Street is now pedestrianised.<ref name="tl_202">Template:Cite web</ref> Lifts have been provided throughout.

The existing listed ticket hall and concourse have been remodelled, for use by London Underground and Thameslink passengers.<ref>Network Rail (2004a) – page 27, paragraph 2.6.3</ref> Interchange within the station has been improved by removing the interchange bridge and installing new stairs and lifts with access to all four platforms, allowing passengers with impaired mobility to use the station.<ref>Network Rail (2004a) – pg.27, paragraph 2.6.4</ref>

It was necessary to build the Thameslink platform extensions to the south, since there is a sharp gradient to the immediate north of the station. This resulted in the two-station branch to Moorgate being permanently closed.<ref>Network Rail (2005a) – pg.9, paragraph 2.1.1</ref> The platform extensions cross the former Moorgate line and reach within a few metres of the entrance of the Snow Hill Tunnel.<ref name="temp1">Network Rail (2005a) – pg.9, paragraph 2.1.5</ref> The alternative of realigning both the Thameslink and Circle/Hammersmith & City/Metropolitan lines was impractical as the latter crosses over the former on a bridge almost immediately to the north of the station.<ref name="temp1" />

Elizabeth line

The Farringdon Elizabeth line station was built as part of the Crossrail project. It lies between Farringdon and Template:Stl Underground stations and has interchanges with both of them.<ref name="cr_5393">Template:Cite web</ref> Access at the Farringdon end is via the new Thameslink ticket hall.<ref name="cr_farringdon" /> Work was anticipated to be completed in 2018,<ref name="BBC News 2016">Template:Cite web</ref> but the scheduled opening date was delayed.<ref name=":4">Template:Cite news</ref>

From 24 May 2022 the new railway line linked Farringdon to Abbey Wood via Canary Wharf in the east and Paddington, in the west. The station is also a hub for cross-London travel, being the only station to be on both the north-south Thameslink service and the east-west Elizabeth line service.<ref name="cr_farringdon">Template:Cite news</ref>

Direct Elizabeth line services between Reading/Heathrow in the west and Shenfield (via Whitechapel and Stratford) started in late 2022.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Dual traction current supply

Thameslink trains switch between the 25 kV AC overhead supply used to the north of London and the 750 V DC third rail supply used to the south whilst standing at the platform. The trains that formerly ran to Moorgate used 25 kV AC throughout their journeys. This project was installed by the Network SouthEast sector of British Rail in May 1988.

Until the start of the Thameslink Programme southbound trains that were unable to switch to DC were taken out of service at Farringdon and stabled at Moorgate to prevent them from blocking the core section of the Thameslink route. As this option is no longer possible the catenary has been extended to City Thameslink to enable these trains to continue to the southbound platform<ref>Network Rail – 'Kent & Sussex Sectional Appendix', LOR S0280, Seq 001, "Farringdon to City Thameslink" (last updated 31 December 2010)</ref> at City Thameslink using AC and then return northwards using the new crossover in Snow Hill Tunnel.<ref name="thames_45">Template:Cite web</ref> The pantograph on southbound trains is normally lowered at Farringdon.

Underground trains serving Farringdon use the four-rail 630 V DC system.

Artwork

On the London Underground concourse, a memorial to Edward Johnston (the creator of the eponymous London Underground typeface) was designed by Fraser Muggeridge. Consisting of the letters of the alphabet in wood type set in Johnston, the memorial was unveiled by Sir Peter Hendy in 2019.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

As part of the Crossrail Art Programme, two artworks were commissioned from British artist Simon Periton. At the eastern entrance, the exterior glass of the station is printed with patterns echoing the Victorian ironmongery of the Smithfield Market located opposite the station entrance.<ref name=":3">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name=":5">Template:Cite web</ref> At the western entrance, the glazing alongside the escalators are printed with giant diamonds, referencing the jewellers located nearby in Hatton Garden.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":5" />

Accidents and incidents

On 5 January 1867, 16 people were injured at Farringdon Street station in a rear-end collision caused by a signaller's error.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
On 5 January 1892, a defective axlebox resulted in the derailment of part of a train shortly after it had departed Farringdon Street. Five passengers were injured.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
On 26 November 1907, a train in the process of departing Farringdon Street was rear-ended by a second train entering the station.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
On 1 May 1939, a total of 31 people were injured when a Circle line train was involved in a minor collision with a railway engine. Seventeen passengers reported they had suffered shock and injury while a further nine subsequently complained that they had incurred minor injuries. Five crew members were also injured.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
On 22 May 1954, three people in a lorry were killed when it fell from a bridge on to the tracks near Farringdon. A goods train collided with the lorry shortly after departing Farringdon.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Services

London Underground

The London Underground part of the station is directly next to the Thameslink platforms and is served by the Circle, Hammersmith & City and Metropolitan lines, between Template:Stl to the west and Template:Stl to the east. All three lines share the same pair of tracks from Baker Street Junction to Aldgate Junction making this section of track one of the most intensely used on the London Underground network.

Circle line

The typical service in trains per hour (tph) is:<ref name=":0">Template:Cite web</ref>

6 tph Clockwise via Liverpool Street and Tower Hill
6 tph To Hammersmith via King's Cross St Pancras and Paddington

Hammersmith & City line

The typical service in trains per hour (tph) is:<ref name=":0" />

6 tph Eastbound to Barking
6 tph Westbound to Hammersmith via Paddington

Metropolitan line

The Metropolitan line is the only line to operate express services, though this is only during peak times (Eastbound 06:30–09:30 / Westbound 16:00–19:00). Fast services run non-stop between Wembley Park, Harrow-on-the-Hill and Moor Park. Semi-fast services run non-stop between Wembley Park and Harrow-on-the-Hill.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

The typical off-peak service in trains per hour (tph) is:<ref name=":1">Template:Cite web</ref>

12 tph Eastbound to Aldgate
2 tph Westbound to Amersham (all stations)
2 tph Westbound to Chesham (all stations)
8 tph Westbound to Uxbridge (all stations)

Off-peak services to/from Watford terminate at Baker Street

The typical peak time service in trains per hour (tph) is:<ref name=":1" />

14 tph Eastbound to Aldgate
2 tph Westbound to Amersham (fast in the evening peak only)
2 tph Westbound to Chesham (fast in the evening peak only)
4 tph Westbound to Watford (semi-fast in the evening peak only)
6 tph Westbound to Uxbridge (all stations)

Farringdon is in London fare zone 1.

Thameslink

All Thameslink services at Farringdon serve between St Pancras International and City Thameslink using part of the City Widened Lines and Snow Hill Tunnel respectively. Services are operated using Template:Brc EMUs.

The typical off-peak service in trains per hour is:<ref>Template:NRtimes</ref>

4 tph to Template:Stnlnk via Template:Stnlnk
2 tph to Template:Stnlnk via Template:Stnlnk and Gatwick Airport
2 tph to Three Bridges via Redhill
2 tph to Template:Stnlnk via Template:Stn, Template:Stn, Template:Stnlnk and Template:Stnlnk
4 tph to Template:Stnlnk (2 of these run via Template:Stnlnk and 2 run via Template:Stn)
4 tph to Template:Stnlnk (all stations)
2 tph to Template:Stnlnk (all stations except Template:Stn, Template:Stnlnk and Template:Stnlnk)
4 tph to Template:Stnlnk (semi-fast)
2 tph to Template:Stnlnk via Template:Stnlnk
2 tph to Template:Stnlnk via Stevenage

The station is also served by a half-hourly night service between Bedford and Three Bridges.<ref name="FCC Timetables">Template:Cite web</ref>

Prior to 2009, Thameslink services also ran to Moorgate via Barbican with trains diverging from the core route east of the platforms at Farringdon. This section of line was closed as part of the Thameslink Programme which involved the construction of a new ticket hall and the lengthening of platforms at Farringdon to enable platform extensions to accommodate longer 12 carriage trains which covered over the junction in the process.

Farringdon is in London fare zone 1.

Elizabeth line

Elizabeth line services began calling at Farringdon on 24 May 2022 and all services are operated using Template:Brc EMUs.

The typical off-peak service in trains per hour is:<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

8 tph to Template:Stnlnk
8 tph to Template:Stnlnk
6 tph to Template:Stn
4 tph to Template:Stnlnk
2 tph to Template:Stn
2 tph to Template:Stnlnk
2 tph to Template:Stnlnk

These services combine to give a service of 16 tph in each direction. During the peak hours, the service is increased to 20 tph in each direction.

On Sundays, the services between Shenfield and London Paddington are reduced to 4 tph, with another 4 tph terminating instead at Gidea Park.

Template:Adjacent stations

Connections

London Buses day and night routes serve the station.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

References

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External links

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Template:UK railway stations Template:Transport in London Template:Circle line navbox Template:Hammersmith & City line navbox Template:Metropolitan line navbox Template:Crossrail navbox Template:TSGN and SE Stations

Farringdon station

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