List of artificial objects on the Moon

Template:Short description This is a partial list of artificial materials left on the Moon, many during the missions of the Apollo program. The table below does not include lesser Apollo mission artificial objects, such as a hammer and other tools, retroreflectors, Apollo Lunar Surface Experiments Packages, or the commemorative, artistic, and personal objects left by the twelve Apollo astronauts, such as the United States flags, the commemorative plaques attached to the ladders of the six Apollo Lunar Modules, the silver astronaut pin left by Alan Bean in honor of Clifton C. Williams whom he replaced, the Bible left by David Scott, the Fallen Astronaut statuette and memorial plaque placed by the crew of Apollo 15, the Apollo 11 goodwill messages disc, or the golf balls<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Alan Shepard hit during an Apollo 14 moonwalk.

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Five S-IVB third stages of Saturn V rockets from the Apollo program crashed into the Moon, and are the heaviest human-made objects on the lunar surface. Humans have left over Template:Convert of material on the Moon. Besides the 2019 Chang'e 4 and SLIM missions, the only artificial objects on the Moon that are still in use are the retroreflectors for the Lunar Laser Ranging experiments left there by the Apollo 11, 14, and 15 astronauts, Chandrayaan-3 lunar lander, and by the Soviet Union's Lunokhod 1 and Lunokhod 2 missions.<ref>Slava G. Turyshev – From Quantum to Cosmos: Fundamental Physics Research in Space (2009) – Page 300</ref>

Objects at greater than 90 degrees east or west are on the far side of the Moon, including Ranger 4, Lunar Orbiter 1, Lunar Orbiter 2, Lunar Orbiter 3, Chang'e 4 lander and Yutu-2 rover.

Because of increasing numbers of missions to and objects at the Moon, a global registry of lunar activities has been proposed in 2023 by the Open Lunar Foundation.<ref name="Open Lunar Foundation 2023">Template:Cite web</ref>

List

Legend

Colors
	Crashed (unintentionally)
	Impactor or post-mission crashed
	Landed
	Operational

Table of objects

Artificial object	Image	Country	Year	Mass (lb)	Mass (kg)	Status	Location	Notes
Luna 2	File:Luna 1 - 2 Spacecraft.png	Template:Flag	1959	Template:Convert	390	Impactor	Template:Coord	<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Luna 2 Third stage of Vostok rocket	Error creating thumbnail:	Template:Flag	1959	Template:Convert	9,100	Crashed (post-mission)	Template:Coord	<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Ranger 4	File:1964 71394L.jpg	Template:Flag	1962	Template:Convert	331	Crashed (controlled impact failed)	Template:Coord	<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Ranger 6	Error creating thumbnail:	Template:Flag	1964	Template:Convert	381	Impactor	Template:Coord	<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Ranger 7	Error creating thumbnail:	Template:Flag	1964	Template:Convert	365	Impactor	Template:Coord	<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Luna 5		Template:Flag	1965	Template:Convert	1,474	Crashed	Template:Coord	<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Luna 7		Template:Flag	1965	Template:Convert	1,504	Crashed	Template:Coord	<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Luna 8		Template:Flag	1965	Template:Convert (launch mass)	1552 (launch mass)	Crashed	Template:Coord	<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Ranger 8	Error creating thumbnail:	Template:Flag	1965	Template:Convert	367	Impactor	Template:Coord	<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Ranger 9	Error creating thumbnail:	Template:Flag	1965	Template:Convert	367	Impactor	Template:Coord	<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Luna 9 spacecraft/descent stage	File:Luna 9 Musee du Bourget P1010505.JPG	Template:Flag	1966	Template:Convert (before lander capsule ejection)	1538 (before lander capsule ejection)	Crashed (post-mission)	Template:Coord	<ref name="Luna 9">Template:Cite web</ref>
Luna 9 Automated Lunar Station (ALS) airbag and lander capsule	Error creating thumbnail:	Template:Flag	1966	Template:Convert	99	Landed	Template:Coord	<ref name="Luna 9"/>
Luna 10	File:Luna 10 Musee du Bourget P1010504.JPG	Template:Flag	1966	Template:Convert	1,600	Crashed (post-mission)	UnknownTemplate:Efn	<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Luna 11		Template:Flag	1966	Template:Convert	1,640	Crashed (post-mission)	UnknownTemplate:Efn	<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Luna 12		Template:Flag	1966	Template:Convert	1,670	Crashed (post-mission)	UnknownTemplate:Efn	<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Surveyor 1 (separate from descent stage)	Error creating thumbnail:	Template:Flag	1966	Template:Convert	270	Landed	Template:Coord	<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Luna 13 (separate from descent stage)	File:Luna13 lander vsm.jpg	Template:Flag	1966	Template:Convert	113	Landed	Template:Coord	<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Lunar Orbiter 1	Error creating thumbnail:	Template:Flag	1966	Template:Convert	386	Crashed (post-mission)	Template:Coord	<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Surveyor 2	Error creating thumbnail:	Template:Flag	1966	Template:Convert	292	Crashed	Template:Coord	<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Lunar Orbiter 2	Error creating thumbnail:	Template:Flag	1966	Template:Convert	385	Crashed (post-mission)	Template:Coord	<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Lunar Orbiter 3	Error creating thumbnail:	Template:Flag	1966	Template:Convert	386	Crashed (post-mission)	Template:Coord	<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Surveyor 3 (separate from descent stage)	Error creating thumbnail:	Template:Flag	1967	Template:Convert	281	LandedTemplate:Efn	Template:Coord	<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Lunar Orbiter 4	Error creating thumbnail:	Template:Flag	1967	Template:Convert	386	Crashed (post-mission)	UnknownTemplate:Efn	<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Surveyor 4	Error creating thumbnail:	Template:Flag	1967	Template:Convert	283	Crashed	Template:Coord	<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Explorer 35	File:IMP-E.jpg	Template:Flag	1967	Template:Convert	104	Crashed (post mission)	UnknownTemplate:Efn	<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Lunar Orbiter 5	Error creating thumbnail:	Template:Flag	1967	Template:Convert	386	Crashed (post-mission)	Template:Coord	<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Surveyor 5 (separate from descent stage)	Error creating thumbnail:	Template:Flag	1967	Template:Convert	281	Landed	Template:Coord	<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Surveyor 6 (separate from descent stage)	Error creating thumbnail:	Template:Flag	1967	Template:Convert	282	Landed	Template:Lunar coords and quad cat<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>	<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Surveyor 7 (separate from descent stage)	Error creating thumbnail:	Template:Flag	1968	Template:Convert	290	Landed	Template:Coord<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>	<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Luna 14		Template:Flag	1968	Template:Convert	1,670	Crashed (post-mission)	UnknownTemplate:Efn	<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Apollo 10 LM-4 Snoopy descent stage	Error creating thumbnail:	Template:Flag	1969	Template:Convert	2,211	Likely crashed (post-mission)	UnknownTemplate:Efn	<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Apollo 11 LM-5 Eagle descent stage	File:Buzz Aldrin and Apollo 11 Lunar Lander, AS11-40-5927.jpg	Template:Flag	1969	Template:Convert	2,034	Landed	Template:Coord	<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Luna 15		Template:Flag	1969	Template:Convert	2,718	Crashed	Unknown	<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Apollo 11 LM-5 Eagle ascent stageTemplate:Efn	Error creating thumbnail:	Template:Flag	1969	Template:Convert	2,184	Crashed (post-mission) or in orbit	Unknown	<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Apollo 12 LM-6 Intrepid descent stage	File:Bean Descends Intrepid - GPN-2000-001317.jpg	Template:Flag	1969	Template:Convert	2,211	Landed	Template:Coord	<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Apollo 12 LM-6 Intrepid ascent stageTemplate:Efn	Error creating thumbnail:	Template:Flag	1969	Template:Convert	2,164	Crashed (post-mission)	Template:Coord	<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Luna 16 descent stageTemplate:Efn	Error creating thumbnail:	Template:Flag	1970	Template:Convert	1,380	Landed	Template:Coord	<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Luna 17 and Lunokhod 1	File:Луноход.JPG	Template:Flag	1970	Template:Convert	5,600	Landed	Template:Coord	<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Apollo 13 S-IVB (S-IVB-508)<ref>Astronautix.com, Apollo 13 Template:Webarchive: The S-IVB/IU impacted the lunar surface at 8:10 p.m. EST on April 14 at a speed of 259 meters per second (incorrect, should probably be 2590 meters/sec), […] 137.1 kilometers from the Apollo 12 seismometer.</ref>		Template:Flag	1970	Template:Convert	13,454	Crashed (post-mission)	Template:Coord	<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Luna 18		Template:Flag	1971	Template:Convert	1,880	Crashed	Template:Coord	<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Luna 19		Template:Flag	1971	Template:Convert	1,880	Crashed (post-mission)	UnknownTemplate:Efn	<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Apollo 14 S-IVB (S-IVB-509)		Template:Flag	1971	Template:Convert	14,016	Crashed (post-mission)	Template:Coord	<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Apollo 14 LM-8 Antares descent stage	File:LRO Apollo14 landing site 369228main ap14labeled 540.jpg	Template:Flag	1971	Template:Convert	2,144	Landed	Template:Coord	<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Apollo 14 LM-8 Antares ascent stageTemplate:Efn	Error creating thumbnail:	Template:Flag	1971	Template:Convert	2,132	Crashed (post-mission)	Template:Coord	<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Apollo 15 S-IVB (S-IVB-510)		Template:Flag	1971	Template:Convert	14,036	Crashed (post-mission)	Template:Coord	<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Apollo 15 LM-10 Falcon descent stage	Error creating thumbnail:	Template:Flag	1971	Template:Convert	2,809	Landed	Template:Coord	<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Apollo 15 Lunar Roving Vehicle (LRV-1)	File:Apollo15LunarRover.jpg	Template:Flag	1971	Template:Convert	210	Landed	Template:Coord
Apollo 15 LM-10 Falcon ascent stageTemplate:Efn	Error creating thumbnail:	Template:Flag	1971	Template:Convert	2,132	Crashed (post-mission)	Template:Coord	<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Apollo 15 subsatellite		Template:Flag	1971	Template:Convert	36	Crashed (post-mission)	UnknownTemplate:Efn	<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Luna 20 descent stageTemplate:Efn		Template:Flag	1972	Template:Sort	Template:Sort	Landed	Template:Coord	<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Apollo 16 S-IVB (S-IVB-511)		Template:Flag	1972	Template:Convert	14,002	Crashed (post-mission)	Template:Coord	<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Apollo 16 LM-11 Orion descent stage	Error creating thumbnail:	Template:Flag	1972	Template:Convert	2,765	Landed	Template:Coord	<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Apollo 16 Lunar Roving Vehicle (LRV-2)	File:AS16-110-18009 (21673657156).jpg	Template:Flag	1972	Template:Convert	210	Landed	Template:Coord
Apollo 16 LM-11 Orion ascent stageTemplate:Efn	Error creating thumbnail:	Template:Flag	1972	Template:Convert	2,138	Crashed (post-mission)	Unknown	<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Apollo 16 subsatellite		Template:Flag	1972	Template:Convert	36	Crashed (post-mission)	UnknownTemplate:Efn	<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Apollo 17 S-IVB (S-IVB-512)		Template:Flag	1972	Template:Convert	13,960	Crashed (post-mission)	Template:Coord	<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Apollo 17 LM-12 Challenger descent stage	Error creating thumbnail:	Template:Flag	1972	Template:Convert	2,798	Landed	Template:Coord	<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Apollo 17 Lunar Roving Vehicle (LRV-3)	Error creating thumbnail:	Template:Flag	1972	Template:Convert	210	Landed	Template:Coord
Apollo 17 LM-12 Challenger ascent stageTemplate:Efn	Error creating thumbnail:	Template:Flag	1972	Template:Convert	2,150	Crashed (post-mission)	Template:Coord	<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Luna 21 and Lunokhod 2Template:Efn	File:Luna and Lunokhod.png	Template:Flag	1973	Template:Convert	4,850	Landed	Template:Coord	<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Explorer 49 (RAE-B)	Error creating thumbnail:	Template:Flag	1973	Template:Convert	328	Crashed (post-mission)	UnknownTemplate:Efn	<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Luna 22		Template:Flag	1974	Template:Convert	4,000	Crashed (post-mission)	UnknownTemplate:Efn	<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Luna 23		Template:Flag	1974	Template:Convert	5,600	Landed	Template:Coord	<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Luna 24 descent stageTemplate:Efn		Template:Flag	1976	Template:Sort	Template:Sort	Landed	Template:Coord	<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Hagoromo HitenTemplate:Efn	File:Hiten.gif	Template:Flag	1990	Template:Convert	12	Crashed (not confirmed/post-mission)	Unknown	<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Hiten	File:Hiten.gif	Template:Flag	1993	Template:Convert	143	Crashed (post-mission)/Impactor	Template:Coord	<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Lunar Prospector		Template:Flag	1998	Template:Convert	126	Crashed (post-mission)	Template:Coord	<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
SMART-1	File:SMART-1 Impact flash.jpg	Error creating thumbnail: European Space Agency	2006	Template:Convert	307	Crashed (post-mission)	Template:Coord	<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Moon Impact Probe (MIP) Chandrayaan-1	File:Chandrayaan-1-MIP2.jpg	Template:Flag	2008	Template:Convert	35	Impactor	Template:Coord	<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
SELENE Rstar (Okina)		Template:Flag	2009	Template:Convert	53	Crashed (post-mission)	Template:Coord	<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
SELENE Vstar (Ouna)		Template:Flag	Unknown	Template:Convert	53	Crashed (post-mission)	Unknown	<ref name="NASA 2023 y746">Template:Cite web</ref>
Chang'e 1		Template:Flag	2009	Template:Convert	2,000	Crashed (post-mission)	Template:Coord	<ref name="pptdrymass">Template:Cite web / cf. 2.3t with fuel (Template:Cite web)</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
SELENE (Kaguya) main orbiter		Template:Flag	2009	Template:Convert	1,984<ref name="pptdrymass" />	Crashed (post-mission)	Template:Coord	<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
LCROSS Shepherding Spacecraft	File:LCROSS Centaur.jpg	Template:Flag	2009	Template:Convert	700	Crashed (post-mission)	Template:Coord	Template:Efn<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
LCROSS Centaur	File:LCROSS Centaur 1.jpg	Template:Flag	2009	Template:Convert	2,270	Impactor	Template:Coord	Template:Efn<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
GRAIL	File:GRAIL.jpg	Template:Flag	2012	Template:Convert	133	Crashed (post-mission)	Template:Coord	<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Chang'e 3 lander		Template:Flag	2013	Template:Convert	1,200	Landed/operational<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>	Template:Lunar coords and quad cat	<ref name="layered">Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="gbtimesfiveyears">Template:Cite news</ref>
Chang'e 3 Yutu rover	File:Yutu rover.jpg	Template:Flag	2013	Template:Convert	1,200	Landed<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>	Template:Lunar coords and quad cat	<ref name="layered"/><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="gbtimesfiveyears"/>
LADEE	File:LADEE fires small engines.jpg	Template:Flag	2014	Template:Convert	248	Crashed (post-mission)	Template:Coord
Chang'e 4 lander	File:ChangE-4 - PCAM.png	Template:Flag	2019	Template:Convert	1,200	Landed/operational	Template:Sort	<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Chang'e 4 Yutu-2 rover	File:ChangE-4, Yutu-2 (cropped).png	Template:Flag	2019	Template:Convert	1,200	Landed/operational	Template:Sort	<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Beresheet	File:Beresheet model on Habima Square 20190222 01.jpg	Template:Flag	2019	Template:Convert	150	Crashed<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>	Template:Coord
Longjiang-2		Template:Flag	2019	Template:Convert	47	Crashed (post-mission)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>	Template:Coord	<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Chandrayaan-2 Vikram lander Pragyan rover	File:GSLV Mk III M1, Chandrayaan-2 - Pragyan rover mounted on the ramp of Vikram lander.jpg	Template:Flag	2019	Template:Convert	1,471	Crashed<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>	Template:Coord	<ref name = "Vkrm_Impct_site">Template:Cite web</ref>
Chang'e 5 descent stage		Template:Flag	2020	7,055	3,200	Landed	Template:Coord
Chang'e 5 ascent stage	File:Chang'e-5 mockup at CSTM 03.jpg	Template:Flag	2020	>1543	>700	Crashed (post-mission)	Template:Coord
Chang'e 5-T1 third stage rocket		Template:Flag	2022	6100	2,800	Crashed (post-mission)	Template:Coord	<ref>Template:Citation</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Manfred Memorial Moon Mission		Template:Flag	2022	31	14	Crashed (post-mission together with Chang'e 5-T1 third stage rocket)
Hakuto-R Mission 1	File:Maquette de Hakuto-R IAC 2022.jpg	Template:Flag	2023	750	340	Crashed	Template:Coord	<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Emirates Lunar Mission		Template:Flag
Luna 25	File:Maquette-Luna-Glob-Lander-b-DSC 0075.jpg	Template:Flag	2023	3,860	1,750	Crashed	Template:Coord	<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Chandrayaan-3 Vikram lander Pragyan rover	File:Chandrayaan-3 Integrated Module in clean-room 01.webp	Template:Flag	2023	3,863	1,752	Landed	Template:Coord	<ref>Template:Citation</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
SLIM	File:SLIM half scale model (cropped).png	Template:Flag	2024	259.4	118.7	Landed	Template:Coords	<ref name="sn-20240119">Template:Cite web</ref>
LEV-1		Template:Flag	2024	4.6	2.1	Landed	Template:Coords	<ref name="sn-20240119"/>
LEV-2		Template:Flag	2024	0.55	0.25	Landed	Template:Coords	<ref name="sn-20240119"/>
IM-1 Odysseus EagleCam	File:Intuitive Machines’ Nova-C lunar lander (IM 00309) (cropped).jpg	Template:Flag	2024	4,206	1,903	Landed	Template:Coord	<ref name="im-1tweet">Template:Cite tweet</ref>
Chang'e 6 descent stage		Template:Flag	2024	7,055	3,200	Landed	Template:Coord	<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Jinchan rover		Template:Flag	2024	11	5
Chang'e 6 ascent stage	File:Chang'e-5 mockup at CSTM 03.jpg	Template:Flag	2024	>1543	>700	Crashed (post-mission)	Template:Lunar coords and quad cat	<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Blue Ghost M1		Template:Flag	2025	1034	469	Landed	Template:Lunar coords and quad cat	<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Hakuto-R Mission 2 Resilience	File:Maquette de Hakuto-R IAC 2022.jpg	Template:Flag	2025	750	340	Crashed	Template:Lunar coords and quad cat	<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Tenacious rover		Template:Flag		11	5
IM-2 Athena MAPP LV1 Micro-Nova AstroAnt Yaoki	File:Intuitive Machines’ Nova-C lunar lander (IM 00309) (cropped).jpg	Template:Flag	2025	4,231	1,919	Landed	Template:Lunar coords and quad cat	<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Total estimated dry mass				482,435	218,829	40 major objects landed softly

Image gallery

• 
  Map of the Moon showing some landing sites. (Click to enlarge)
• 
  Surveyor 3 on the Moon, photographed by Alan Bean during Apollo 12 (1969)
• Error creating thumbnail:
  Locations of retro reflector experiments
• Error creating thumbnail:
  Lunar Laser Ranging experiment (LRRR)
• Error creating thumbnail:
  Map of all soft landings

See also

• Apollo Lunar Surface Experiments Package
• List of artificial objects on extraterrestrial surfaces
• List of retroreflectors on the Moon
• Lunar plaques
• Moon landing
• List of landings on extraterrestrial bodies
• List of missions to the Moon
• Deliberate crash landings on extraterrestrial bodies
• Human presence in space
• Timeline of Solar System exploration
• Tourism on the Moon

External links

• NASA catalogue of manmade material on the Moon
• List of Apollo 11 artifacts on the Moon
• Lunar Litter: A short film about debris left behind on crewed Moon missions