List of presidents of Syria

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Template:Short description Template:Use dmy dates Template:Politics of Syria

This is a list of presidents of Syria since 1922.

List of officeholders

Syria (1922–1958)

No. Portrait Name
Template:Small 		Elected Term of office Political party Note(s)
Took office Left office Time in office
French mandate (1922–1930)
Syrian Federation (1922–1925)
Position not established (Template:Dts – Template:Dts)
1 Subhi Bey Barakat
Template:Lang
Template:Small 		— 29 June 1922<ref>Arrêtés Nos. 1, 2 & 3, Bulletin hebdomadaire des actes administratifs du Haut-Commissariat (8 October 1922), p. 268; [1].</ref> 1 January 1925 Template:Ayd style="background:Template:Party color;" | Independent
State of Syria (1925–1930)
(1) Subhi Bey Barakat
Template:Lang
Template:Small 		— 1 January 1925 21 December 1925 Template:Ayd style="background:Template:Party color;" | Independent
Vacant (Template:Dts – Template:Dts)
— File:Pierre Alype - NAC.jpg François Pierre-Alype
Template:Lang
Template:Small 		— 9 February 1926 28 April 1926 Template:Ayd style="background:Template:Party color;" | Independent Acting President as Envoy Extraordinary of the High Commissioner.
2 File:Ahmad nami (3x4 cropped).jpg Ahmad Nami
Template:Lang
Template:Small 		— 28 April 1926 15 February 1928 Template:Ayd style="background:Template:Party color;" | Independent
— File:Taj al-Din al-Hasani (3x4 cropped).jpg Taj al-Din al-Hasani
Template:Lang
Template:Small 		— 15 February 1928 14 May 1930 Template:Ayd style="background:Template:Party color;" | Independent
First Syrian Republic (1930–1950)
Mandatory Syrian Republic (1930–1946)
— File:Taj al-Din al-Hasani (3x4 cropped).jpg Taj al-Din al-Hasani
Template:Lang
Template:Small 		— 14 May 1930 19 November 1931 Template:Ayd style="background:Template:Party color;" | Independent
— Léon Solomiac
Template:Lang
Template:Small 		— 19 November 1931 11 June 1932 Template:Ayd style="background:Template:Party color;" | Independent Acting President as High Commissioner.
3 File:Muhammad Ali al-Abid.jpg Muhammad Ali Bey al-Abid
Template:Lang
Template:Small 		1932 11 June 1932 21 December 1936 Template:Ayd style="background:Template:Party color;" | Independent
4 File:Hashim Al Atassi.jpg Hashim al-Atassi
Template:Lang
Template:Small 		1936 21 December 1936 7 July 1939 Template:Ayd style="background:Template:Party color;" | National Bloc
5 File:Bahij al-Khatib.jpg Bahij al-Khatib
Template:Lang
Template:Small 		— 8 July 1939 4 April 1941 Template:Ayd style="background:Template:Party color;" | Independent
— File:Khalid al-Azm.jpg Khalid al-Azm
Template:Lang
Template:Small 		— 4 April 1941 16 September 1941 Template:Ayd style="background:Template:Party color;" | Independent
6 File:Taj al-Din al-Hasani (3x4 cropped).jpg Taj al-Din al-Hasani
Template:Lang
Template:Small 		— 16 September 1941 17 January 1943 Template:Ayd style="background:Template:Party color;" | Independent Hasani died in office.Template:Sfn
— File:Jamil al-Ulshi.jpg Jamil al-Ulshi
Template:Lang
Template:Small 		— 17 January 1943 25 March 1943 Template:Ayd style="background:Template:Party color;" | Independent
7 File:Ata al-Ayyubi (3x4 cropped).jpg Ata Bey al-Ayyubi
Template:Lang
Template:Small 		— 25 March 1943 17 August 1943 Template:Ayd style="background:Template:Party color;" | Independent
8 File:Portrait of Shukri al-Quwatli in 1943 (3x4 cropped).jpeg Shukri al-Quwatli
Template:Lang
Template:Small 		1943 17 August 1943 17 April 1946 Template:Ayd style="background:Template:Party color;" | National Bloc
Independent First Syrian Republic (1946–1950)
(8) File:Portrait of Shukri al-Quwatli in 1943 (3x4 cropped).jpeg Shukri al-Quwatli
Template:Lang
Template:Small 		1948 17 April 1946 30 March 1949 Template:Ayd style="background:Template:Party color;" | National Bloc Quwatli was ousted from power in the March 1949 coup d'état by Husni al-Za'im, his chief of staff.Template:Sfn
style="background:Template:Party color;" | National Party
Vacant (Template:Dts – Template:Dts)
9 File:Husni al-Zaiim (3x4 cropped).jpg Husni al-Za'im
Template:Lang
Template:Small 		[[June 1949 Syrian presidential election|1949 Template:Small]] 26 June 1949 14 August 1949 Template:Ayd style="background:Template:Party color;" | Independent
Template:Small 		Za'im was from 30 March 1949Template:Snd26 June 1949 de facto leader as Commander-in-Chief of the Army and Armed Forces. He was overthrown in the August 1949 coup d'état led by Adib Shishakli, and was later executed on the orders of the new government.Template:Sfn
— File:Sami al-Hinnawi.jpg Sami al-Hinnawi
Template:Lang
Template:Small 		— 14 August 1949 15 August 1949 Template:Ayd style="background:Template:Party color;" | Military
Template:Small 		Acting President as Commander-in-Chief of the Army and Armed Forces.
Vacant (Template:Dts – Template:Dts)
(4) File:Hashim Al Atassi.jpg Hashim al-Atassi
Template:Lang
Template:Small 		1949 Template:Small 19 December 1949 5 September 1950 Template:Ayd style="background:Template:Party color;" | People's Party Head of State. During this period, Hinnawi served as the country's de facto leader (as Chairman of the Supreme Council of War) until his overthrow in the December 1949 coup d'état, led by Shishakli, who then became de facto leader as head of the Council of Colonels (later the Supreme Military Council).
Second Syrian Republic (1950–1958)
(4) File:Hashim Al Atassi.jpg Hashim al-Atassi
Template:Lang
Template:Small 		1950 5 September 1950 2 December 1951 Template:Ayd style="background:Template:Party color;" | People's Party Atassi resigned in the aftermath of the 1951 coup d'état.
— File:Adib al-Shishakli.jpg Adib Shishakli
Template:Lang
Template:Small 		— 2 December 1951 3 December 1951 Template:Ayd style="background:Template:Party color;" | Syrian Social Nationalist Party Acting President as Chief of the General Staff and head of the Supreme Military Council.
10 File:Fawzi Selu (3x4 cropped).jpg Fawzi Selu
Template:Lang
Template:Small 		— 3 December 1951 11 July 1953 Template:Ayd style="background:Template:Party color;" | Military
Template:Small 		After the coup the Army Command Council announced that it was collectively assuming responsibility for government, entrusted Selu with all executive and legislative powers, and dissolved the parliament. Shishakli assumed supreme command in the country and took the office of deputy chief of staff.
11 File:Adib al-Shishakli.jpg Adib Shishakli
Template:Lang
Template:Small 		1953 11 July 1953 25 February 1954 Template:Ayd style="background:Template:Party color;" | Arab Liberation Movement Shishakli resigned from office in the evening of 26 February 1954, amidst a coup d'état.Template:Sfn He fled the country, claiming that he did not want Syria to fall into a civil war.Template:Sfn
— File:Maamun al-Kuzbari (1914-1998) portrait.png Maamun al-Kuzbari
Template:Lang
Template:Small 		— 25 February 1954 28 February 1954 Template:Ayd style="background:Template:Party color;" | Arab Liberation Movement
(4) File:Hashim Al Atassi.jpg Hashim al-Atassi
Template:Lang
Template:Small 		— 28 February 1954 6 September 1955 Template:Ayd style="background:Template:Party color;" | People's Party
(8) File:Portrait of Shukri al-Quwatli in 1943 (3x4 cropped).jpeg Shukri al-Quwatli
Template:Lang
Template:Small 		1955 6 September 1955 22 February 1958 Template:Ayd style="background:Template:Party color;" | National Party

United Arab Republic (1958–1961)

No. Portrait Name
Template:Small 		Elected Term of office Political party
Took office Left office Time in office
12 File:Nasser 1961.jpg Gamal Abdel Nasser
Template:Lang
Template:Small 		1958 22 February 1958 28 September 1961 Template:Ayd style="background:Template:Party color;" | National Union

Syria (1961–present)

No. Portrait Name
Template:Small 		Elected Term of office Political party Note(s)
Took office Left office Time in office
Syrian Arab Republic (1961–present)
Second Syrian Republic (1961–1963)
Vacant (Template:Dts – Template:Dts)<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
13 File:Nazim al-Kudsi (3x4 cropped).jpg Nazim al-Qudsi
Template:Lang
Template:Small 		1961 14 December 1961 8 March 1963 Template:Ayd style="background:Template:Party color;" | People's Party The 1963 coup d'état, an event known as the March 8 Revolution, toppled Qudsi and brought the National Council for the Revolutionary Command (NCRC) to government, although real power lay with the Ba'athist Military Committee, which organized the coup.Template:Sfn
Ba'athist Syria (1963–2024)
Vacant (Template:Dts – Template:Dts)
14 File:Luai al-Atassi.jpg Lu'ay al-Atassi
Template:Lang
Template:Small 		— 9 March 1963 27 July 1963 Template:Ayd style="background:Template:Party color;" | Independent Atassi was appointed president by the NCRC because he posed no threat to the Military Committee's power.Template:Sfn He resigned after high-ranking non-Ba'athist officers were purged.Template:SfnTemplate:Efn
15 File:Amin al-Hafez 1965.jpg Amin al-Hafiz
Template:Lang
Template:Small 		— 27 July 1963 23 February 1966 Template:Ayd style="background:Template:Party color;" | Ba'ath Party
Template:Small 		Hafiz was overthrown by the Military Committee because of his support for Michel Aflaq and the Ba'athist National Command.Template:SfnTemplate:Efn
Vacant (Template:Dts – Template:Dts)
16 File:Nureddin Atassi (3x4 cropped).jpg Nureddin al-Atassi
Template:Lang
Template:Small 		— 25 February 1966 18 November 1970 Template:Ayd style="background:Template:Party color;" | Syrian Ba'ath Party
Template:Small 		Atassi was overthrown when a falling out occurred between Salah Jadid, the country's de facto leader from 1966 to 1970 as Assistant Regional Secretary of the Regional Command, and Hafez al-Assad, the Minister of Defense.Template:Sfn Assad initiated a coup in 1970, known as the Corrective Movement.Template:Sfn
— File:Ahmad al-Khatib, the interim head of state who ruled Syria for four months from November 1970 to March 1971.png Ahmad al-Khatib
Template:Lang
Template:Small 		— 18 November 1970 12 March 1971 Template:Ayd style="background:Template:Party color;" | Syrian Ba'ath Party
Template:Small 		Assad served as the country's de facto leader during this period, as head of the Temporary Regional Command and as Regional Secretary of the Regional Command; and from 22 February 1971 onwards additionally as Deputy Commander-in-Chief of the Army and Armed Forces.
17 File:Hafez al-Assad official portrait.jpg Hafez al-Assad
Template:Lang
Template:Small 		1971
1978
1985
1991
1999 		12 March 1971 10 June 2000 Template:Ayd style="background:Template:Party color;" | Syrian Ba'ath Party
Template:Small 		In late 1983, due to deteriorating health, Assad transferred his powers during his absence and recovery to a committee consisting of members from his close circle.Template:Efn<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Seale, Patrick (8 February 1989). "Chapter 24: Brothers's war". Asad: The Struggle for the Middle East. University of California Press. p. 427. ISBN 978-0520069763.</ref> Assad recovered and died in office seventeen years later.Template:Sfn
— File:President Jimmy Carter and Abdul Halim Khaddam (cropped).jpg Abdul Halim Khaddam
Template:Lang
Template:Small 		— 10 June 2000 17 July 2000 Template:Ayd style="background:Template:Party color;" | Syrian Ba'ath Party
Template:Small 		Khaddam constitutionally succeeded from the vice presidency, and served on an acting basis until the new confirmative referendum.
18 File:Bashar al-Assad (2018-05-17) 02 (cropped).jpg Bashar al-Assad
Template:Lang
Template:Small 		2000
2007
2014
2021 		17 July 2000 8 December 2024 Template:Ayd style="background:Template:Party color;" | Syrian Ba'ath Party
Template:Small 		Assad was overthrown during the fall of Damascus in the Syrian civil war, and fled the country to Russia.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Transitional period (2024–present)
Ahmed al-Sharaa served as the de facto Leader of Syria (Template:Dts – Template:Dts)Template:Efn
19 File:Ahmed al-Sharaa in November 2025.jpg Ahmed al-Sharaa
Template:Lang
Template:Small 		— 29 January 2025 Incumbent Template:Ayd style="background:Template:Party color;" | Independent Al-Sharaa was appointed as president by the Syrian General Command during the transitional period at the Syrian Revolution Victory Conference.<ref name="appointment"/>

Timeline

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See also

Notes

Template:Notelist

References

Citations

Template:Reflist

Bibliography

Template:Presidents of Syria Template:Syria topics

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