List of presidents of Syria

This is a list of presidents of Syria since 1922.

List of officeholders

Syria (1922–1958)

No.	Portrait	Name Template:Small	Elected	Term of office			Political party		Note(s)
				Took office	Left office	Time in office
French mandate (1922–1930)
Syrian Federation (1922–1925)
Position not established (Template:Dts – Template:Dts)
1		Subhi Bey Barakat {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} Template:Small	—	29 June 1922<ref>Arrêtés Nos. 1, 2 & 3, Bulletin hebdomadaire des actes administratifs du Haut-Commissariat (8 October 1922), p. 268; [1].</ref>	1 January 1925	Template:Ayd	style="background:Template:Party color;" |	Independent
State of Syria (1925–1930)
(1)		Subhi Bey Barakat {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} Template:Small	—	1 January 1925	21 December 1925	Template:Ayd	style="background:Template:Party color;" |	Independent
Vacant (Template:Dts – Template:Dts)
—		François Pierre-Alype {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} Template:Small	—	9 February 1926	28 April 1926	Template:Ayd	style="background:Template:Party color;" |	Independent	Acting President as Envoy Extraordinary of the High Commissioner.
2		Ahmad Nami {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} Template:Small	—	28 April 1926	15 February 1928	Template:Ayd	style="background:Template:Party color;" |	Independent
—		Taj al-Din al-Hasani {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} Template:Small	—	15 February 1928	14 May 1930	Template:Ayd	style="background:Template:Party color;" |	Independent
First Syrian Republic (1930–1950)
Mandatory Syrian Republic (1930–1946)
—		Taj al-Din al-Hasani {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} Template:Small	—	14 May 1930	19 November 1931	Template:Ayd	style="background:Template:Party color;" |	Independent
—		Léon Solomiac {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} Template:Small	—	19 November 1931	11 June 1932	Template:Ayd	style="background:Template:Party color;" |	Independent	Acting President as High Commissioner.
3		Muhammad Ali Bey al-Abid {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} Template:Small	1932	11 June 1932	21 December 1936	Template:Ayd	style="background:Template:Party color;" |	Independent
4		Hashim al-Atassi {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} Template:Small	1936	21 December 1936	7 July 1939	Template:Ayd	style="background:Template:Party color;" |	National Bloc
5		Bahij al-Khatib {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} Template:Small	—	8 July 1939	4 April 1941	Template:Ayd	style="background:Template:Party color;" |	Independent
—		Khalid al-Azm {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} Template:Small	—	4 April 1941	16 September 1941	Template:Ayd	style="background:Template:Party color;" |	Independent
6		Taj al-Din al-Hasani {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} Template:Small	—	16 September 1941	17 January 1943	Template:Ayd	style="background:Template:Party color;" |	Independent	Hasani died in office.Template:Sfn
—		Jamil al-Ulshi {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} Template:Small	—	17 January 1943	25 March 1943	Template:Ayd	style="background:Template:Party color;" |	Independent
7		Ata Bey al-Ayyubi {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} Template:Small	—	25 March 1943	17 August 1943	Template:Ayd	style="background:Template:Party color;" |	Independent
8		Shukri al-Quwatli {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} Template:Small	1943	17 August 1943	17 April 1946	Template:Ayd	style="background:Template:Party color;" |	National Bloc
Independent First Syrian Republic (1946–1950)
(8)		Shukri al-Quwatli {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} Template:Small	1948	17 April 1946	30 March 1949	Template:Ayd	style="background:Template:Party color;" |	National Bloc	Quwatli was ousted from power in the March 1949 coup d'état by Husni al-Za'im, his chief of staff.Template:Sfn
							style="background:Template:Party color;" |	National Party
Vacant (Template:Dts – Template:Dts)
9		Husni al-Za'im {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} Template:Small	[[June 1949 Syrian presidential election|1949 Template:Small]]	26 June 1949	14 August 1949	Template:Ayd	style="background:Template:Party color;" |	Independent Template:Small	Za'im was from 30 March 1949Template:Snd26 June 1949 de facto leader as Commander-in-Chief of the Army and Armed Forces. He was overthrown in the August 1949 coup d'état led by Adib Shishakli, and was later executed on the orders of the new government.Template:Sfn
—		Sami al-Hinnawi {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} Template:Small	—	14 August 1949	15 August 1949	Template:Ayd	style="background:Template:Party color;" |	Military Template:Small	Acting President as Commander-in-Chief of the Army and Armed Forces.
Vacant (Template:Dts – Template:Dts)
(4)		Hashim al-Atassi {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} Template:Small	1949 Template:Small	19 December 1949	5 September 1950	Template:Ayd	style="background:Template:Party color;" |	People's Party	Head of State. During this period, Hinnawi served as the country's de facto leader (as Chairman of the Supreme Council of War) until his overthrow in the December 1949 coup d'état, led by Shishakli, who then became de facto leader as head of the Council of Colonels (later the Supreme Military Council).
Second Syrian Republic (1950–1958)
(4)		Hashim al-Atassi {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} Template:Small	1950	5 September 1950	2 December 1951	Template:Ayd	style="background:Template:Party color;" |	People's Party	Atassi resigned in the aftermath of the 1951 coup d'état.
—		Adib Shishakli {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} Template:Small	—	2 December 1951	3 December 1951	Template:Ayd	style="background:Template:Party color;" |	Syrian Social Nationalist Party	Acting President as Chief of the General Staff and head of the Supreme Military Council.
10		Fawzi Selu {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} Template:Small	—	3 December 1951	11 July 1953	Template:Ayd	style="background:Template:Party color;" |	Military Template:Small	After the coup the Army Command Council announced that it was collectively assuming responsibility for government, entrusted Selu with all executive and legislative powers, and dissolved the parliament. Shishakli assumed supreme command in the country and took the office of deputy chief of staff.
11		Adib Shishakli {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} Template:Small	1953	11 July 1953	25 February 1954	Template:Ayd	style="background:Template:Party color;" |	Arab Liberation Movement	Shishakli resigned from office in the evening of 26 February 1954, amidst a coup d'état.Template:Sfn He fled the country, claiming that he did not want Syria to fall into a civil war.Template:Sfn
—		Maamun al-Kuzbari {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} Template:Small	—	25 February 1954	28 February 1954	Template:Ayd	style="background:Template:Party color;" |	Arab Liberation Movement
(4)		Hashim al-Atassi {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} Template:Small	—	28 February 1954	6 September 1955	Template:Ayd	style="background:Template:Party color;" |	People's Party
(8)		Shukri al-Quwatli {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} Template:Small	1955	6 September 1955	22 February 1958	Template:Ayd	style="background:Template:Party color;" |	National Party

United Arab Republic (1958–1961)

No.	Portrait	Name Template:Small	Elected	Term of office			Political party
				Took office	Left office	Time in office
12		Gamal Abdel Nasser {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} Template:Small	1958	22 February 1958	28 September 1961	Template:Ayd	style="background:Template:Party color;" |	National Union

Syria (1961–present)

No.	Portrait	Name Template:Small	Elected	Term of office			Political party		Note(s)
				Took office	Left office	Time in office
Syrian Arab Republic (1961–present)
Second Syrian Republic (1961–1963)
Vacant (Template:Dts – Template:Dts)<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
13		Nazim al-Qudsi {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} Template:Small	1961	14 December 1961	8 March 1963	Template:Ayd	style="background:Template:Party color;" |	People's Party	The 1963 coup d'état, an event known as the March 8 Revolution, toppled Qudsi and brought the National Council for the Revolutionary Command (NCRC) to government, although real power lay with the Ba'athist Military Committee, which organized the coup.Template:Sfn
Ba'athist Syria (1963–2024)
Vacant (Template:Dts – Template:Dts)
14		Lu'ay al-Atassi {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} Template:Small	—	9 March 1963	27 July 1963	Template:Ayd	style="background:Template:Party color;" |	Independent	Atassi was appointed president by the NCRC because he posed no threat to the Military Committee's power.Template:Sfn He resigned after high-ranking non-Ba'athist officers were purged.Template:SfnTemplate:Efn
15		Amin al-Hafiz {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} Template:Small	—	27 July 1963	23 February 1966	Template:Ayd	style="background:Template:Party color;" |	Ba'ath Party Template:Small	Hafiz was overthrown by the Military Committee because of his support for Michel Aflaq and the Ba'athist National Command.Template:SfnTemplate:Efn
Vacant (Template:Dts – Template:Dts)
16		Nureddin al-Atassi {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} Template:Small	—	25 February 1966	18 November 1970	Template:Ayd	style="background:Template:Party color;" |	Syrian Ba'ath Party Template:Small	Atassi was overthrown when a falling out occurred between Salah Jadid, the country's de facto leader from 1966 to 1970 as Assistant Regional Secretary of the Regional Command, and Hafez al-Assad, the Minister of Defense.Template:Sfn Assad initiated a coup in 1970, known as the Corrective Movement.Template:Sfn
—		Ahmad al-Khatib {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} Template:Small	—	18 November 1970	12 March 1971	Template:Ayd	style="background:Template:Party color;" |	Syrian Ba'ath Party Template:Small	Assad served as the country's de facto leader during this period, as head of the Temporary Regional Command and as Regional Secretary of the Regional Command; and from 22 February 1971 onwards additionally as Deputy Commander-in-Chief of the Army and Armed Forces.
17		Hafez al-Assad {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} Template:Small	1971 1978 1985 1991 1999	12 March 1971	10 June 2000	Template:Ayd	style="background:Template:Party color;" |	Syrian Ba'ath Party Template:Small	In late 1983, due to deteriorating health, Assad transferred his powers during his absence and recovery to a committee consisting of members from his close circle.Template:Efn<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Seale, Patrick (8 February 1989). "Chapter 24: Brothers's war". Asad: The Struggle for the Middle East. University of California Press. p. 427. ISBN 978-0520069763.</ref> Assad recovered and died in office seventeen years later.Template:Sfn
—		Abdul Halim Khaddam {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} Template:Small	—	10 June 2000	17 July 2000	Template:Ayd	style="background:Template:Party color;" |	Syrian Ba'ath Party Template:Small	Khaddam constitutionally succeeded from the vice presidency, and served on an acting basis until the new confirmative referendum.
18		Bashar al-Assad {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} Template:Small	2000 2007 2014 2021	17 July 2000	8 December 2024	Template:Ayd	style="background:Template:Party color;" |	Syrian Ba'ath Party Template:Small	Assad was overthrown during the fall of Damascus in the Syrian civil war, and fled the country to Russia.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Transitional period (2024–present)
Ahmed al-Sharaa served as the de facto Leader of Syria (Template:Dts – Template:Dts)Template:Efn
19		Ahmed al-Sharaa {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} Template:Small	—	29 January 2025	Incumbent	Template:Ayd	style="background:Template:Party color;" |	Independent	Al-Sharaa was appointed as president by the Syrian General Command during the transitional period at the Syrian Revolution Victory Conference.<ref name="appointment"/>

Timeline

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See also

• President of Syria
• List of heads of state of Syria
• Vice President of Syria
• Prime Minister of Syria
  • List of prime ministers of Syria
• Speaker of the People's Assembly of Syria

References

Bibliography

• Template:Cite book
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