List of prime ministers of France
Template:Short description Template:Use dmy dates Template:Politics of France The head of the government of France has been called the prime minister of France (French: Premier ministre) since 1959, when Michel Debré became the first officeholder appointed under the Fifth Republic. During earlier periods of French history, the country's head of government was known by different titles. As was common in European democracies of the 1815–1958 period (the Bourbon Restoration and July Monarchy, the Second, Third, and Fourth Republic, as well as the Vichy regime), the head of government was called President of the Council of Ministers (Template:Lang), generally shortened to President of the council (Template:Lang). This should not be confused with the elected office of president of the French Republic, who, as head of state, appoints the prime minister as head of government.
16th century – 18th century
Kingdom of France (843–1792)
Template:Main Under the Kingdom of France, there was no official title for the leader of the government as the monarch held absolute power. However, conventions developed that the monarch would not act without the advice of royal council. The chief ministers (principaux ministres) of these councils under certain kings of France exercised enough influence to lead the government de facto. This situation ended with the start of the French Revolution as the adoption of a constitution in 1791 reframed the power dynamics of the monarchy. As the revolution progressed, the power dynamics continued to shift and ultimately resulted in the execution of the monarch and the establishment of a republic.
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18th century – 19th century
French First Republic (1792–1804)
Template:Main During the First Republic, there were three arrangements for governance, the leadership of which changed frequently. The first government was that of the National Convention (20 September 1792 – 2 November 1795) and did not provide for a formal head of state or a head of government. The President of the National Convention would only serve for a term of 14 days at a time. Even though the President was re-eligible to return to the office after another term had passed, this rarely occurred. Notable Presidents during this period included:
- Jérôme Pétion de Villeneuve (20 September – 4 October 1792)
- Georges Danton (25 July – 8 August 1793)
- Maximilien Robespierre (22 August – 7 September 1793 and 4 June – 19 June 1794)
- Jean Jacques Régis de Cambacérès (7 October – 22 October 1794)
- Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès (20 April – 5 May 1795)
Given the dissatisfaction with the National Convention a new Constitution was adopted in 1795 which created the a five member executive called the Directory (2 November 1795 – 10 November 1799). The members of the Directory were elected by the legislature who themselves in turn elected a ceremonial President whose term lasted only three months. Paul Barras, who served two stints as President (4 December 1797 – 25 February 1798 and 26 November 1798 – 26 May 1799), came to be the dominant member of the group.
In 1799, the Directory was superseded when a coup d'état headed by Napoleon Bonaparte forced the sitting members to resign. A new constitution was written establishing the Consulate (10 November 1799 – 18 May 1804). While initially a coequal of the other Consuls, Napoleon quickly set himself up as "First Consul of France" and later "Consul for Life" under yet another constitution.
French First Empire (1804–1815)
Template:Main On May 18, 1804 the French Senate bestowed the title of "Emperor of the French" on Napoleon and he coronated himself on December 2, 1804. As Emperor, Napoleon was both head of state and head of government under the new constitution.
| Chief minister | Term of office | Faction | Emperor Template:Small | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Position vacant (absolute rule by Napoleon) |
1 | 18 May 1804 | 1 April 1814 | Vacant | Napoleon File:Jacques-Louis David - The Emperor Napoleon in His Study at the Tuileries - Google Art Project.jpg Template:Small | |
First Restoration (1814–1815)
Template:Main Following Napoleon's defeat in the War of the Sixth Coalition, he was exiled to the island of Elba. Louis XVIII, brother of the executed King Louis XVI, was placed on the newly restored throne of the French monarchy. Unlike the previous Ancien régime, the prerogative of the new monarch was limited by the Charter of 1814.
| Chief minister | Term of office | Faction | King Template:Small | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| File:Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord - Pierre-Paul Prud'hon.jpg | Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord Template:Small |
1 | 1 April 1814 | 2 May 1814 | style="background:Template:Party color" | | Independent | Louis XVIII File:Gérard - Louis XVIII of France in Coronation Robes.jpg Template:Small |
| File:BLACAS.JPG | Pierre Louis Jean Casimir de Blacas Template:Small |
2 | 2 May 1814 | 8 July 1815 | style="background:Template:Party color" | | ||
Hundred Days (1815)
Template:Main In March 1815, Napoleon left his exile and returned to France. The government of the Louis XVIII fled to the city of Ghent. Napoleon reinstated his role as both head of state and head of government. Upon Napoleon's abdication, his son Napoleon II was named Emperor. This rule was nominal, and Napoleon II, then a four-year old child, remained in Austria throughout his nominal reign.
| Chief Minister | Term of office | Faction | Emperor Template:Small | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Position vacant (absolute rule by Napoleon I) |
2 | 20 March 1815 | 22 June 1815 | Vacant | Napoleon I File:Jacques-Louis David - The Emperor Napoleon in His Study at the Tuileries - Google Art Project.jpg Template:Small | ||
| File:Fouché Joseph Duke of Otranto.jpg | Joseph Fouché Template:Small |
• | 22 June 1815 | 7 July 1815 | style="background:Template:Party color" | | Bonapartist | Napoleon II File:Portrait of Napoleon II by Thomas Lawrence (1818–1819).jpg Template:Small |
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Bourbon Restoration (1815–1830)
Template:Main Following his second defeat at the Battle of Waterloo, Napoleon was again exiled, this time to the island of St. Helena. Louis XVIII returned to Paris and to his role as constitutional monarch.
Presidents of the Council of Ministers
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July Monarchy (1830–1848)
Template:Main When King Charles X was coronated he swore to uphold the constitutional Charter of 1814, but as his reign progressed he was seen to be increasingly in conflict with it. In 1830 the tension came to a climax when Charles dissolved the legislature, suspended certain liberties, and barred the middle class from participating in future elections. These July Ordinances in turn triggered outrage in Paris which resulted in the July Revolution. The revolution resulted in Charles X abdicating the throne in favor of his cousin Louis Philippe, Duke of Orléans who promised to maintain a liberal constitutional monarchy under the Charter of 1830. Unlike the previous Charter, which was self-imposed by the monarch, the 1830 charter emanated from the people. This popular monarchy was reflected in Louis Philippe's title of "King of the French" (roi des Français) rather than "King of France" (roi de France).
Presidents of the Council of Ministers
- Factions
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Second French Republic (1848–1852)
Template:Main The popularity of the new "Citizen King" declined over concerns that the suffrage of the populace was extremely limited to certain property owners. The desire to expand the electorate to a more universal male suffrage was undercut by a 1835 law which prohibited public political assemblies. To circumvent this ban, in 1847 a series of private meeting known as the campagne des banquets were organized. When these banquets were themselves banned popular unrest spilled into the streets in the February Revolution of 1848, which resulted in King Louis Philippe abdicating the throne and triggered a series of revolutions across Europe. A provisional government proclaimed a Second Republic, which would organized under a new constitution which provided for the election of a President. Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte, nephew of the former Emperor, won the subsequent election in a landslide.
Presidents of the Council of Ministers
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Second French Empire (1852–1870)
Template:Main Under the constitution of the Second Republic, the President was to serve only one non-renewable term of four years. Bonaparte attempted to pass a constitutional amendment to make him eligible to run for another term, and while the amendment did receive a majority in the legislature, it was not enough to overcome the 2/3 supermajority needed. Believing he had the support of the people to continue in his policies, Bonaparte staged a self-coup on December 2, 1851. A few weeks later, the action was legitimized through a referendum that voted 92% in favor of Bonaparte remaining in office and authorizing him to draft a new constitution. The conduct of this referendum was considered to be rigged. Under the new form of government, Bonaparte was immediately reelected to a new 10 year term with no limits on reelection. About a year later, Bonaparte held another rigged referendum which voted 97% in favor of reestablishing the French Empire. Subsequently, Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte coronated himself Emperor Napoleon III, and as such was both head of state and head of government.
The legislative elections of 1869 resulted in an agreement which saw Émile Ollivier lead an independent government. While this was seen by some as a liberalization of the empire, a referendum in 1870 again showed overwhelming support for the Emperor's regime.
Cabinet Chiefs
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Term of office | Faction | Legislature Template:Small |
Emperor Template:Small | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tenure | Duration | ||||||||
| Position vacant (absolute rule by Napoleon III) |
3 | 2 December 1852 | 27 December 1869 | Template:Ayd | Vacant | I Template:Small |
Napoleon III File:Napoléon III par Jean Hippolyte Flandrin.jpg Template:Small | ||
| II Template:Small | |||||||||
| III Template:Small | |||||||||
| 4 | IV Template:Small | ||||||||
| File:Émile Ollivier by Pierre-Louis Pierson, 1870.png | Émile Ollivier Template:Small |
• | 2 January 1870 | 9 August 1870 | Template:Ayd | style="background:Template:Party color" | | Bonapartist | ||
| File:Palikao.jpg | Charles Cousin-Montauban Template:Small |
• | 9 August 1870 | 4 September 1870 | Template:Ayd | style="background:Template:Party color" | | Independent | ||
19th century – 20th century
Third French Republic (1870–1940)
Template:Main In 1870, Napoleon III was facing pressure to combat the growing power of Prussia which was conducting a campaign of unification. Fearing that a new unified German state would disrupt France's place as a world leader, war was declared. The Prussian army proved to be much more effective and during the Battle of Sedan Napoleon III was captured. When the news reached Paris on September 4, a crowd stormed the Palais Bourbon and proclaimed a new republic. A new Government of National Defense was formed with the intention of continuing the war against the Prussians, but Paris remained under siege for the remainder of the war. An armistice was ultimately agreed to and French forces surrendered in January 1871.
The defeated French organized a provisional government which negotiated the Treaty of Frankfurt ending the war. Post war instability and chaos, including the formation and fall of the Paris Commune, led to contentious debates about the formation of this new republic. It was even heavily considered that a third restoration of the monarchy was in order. However, disagreements continued and the organization of the provisional government became permanent with the enactment of the Constitutional Laws of 1875.
President of the Government of National Defense
| President of the Government of National Defense Template:Small |
Term of office | Faction | Legislature Template:Small | ||||||
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| Tenure | Duration | ||||||||
| File:Louis Jules Trochu.jpg | Louis-Jules Trochu Template:Small |
• | 4 September 1870 | 22 January 1871 | Template:Ayd | style="background:Template:Party color" | | Military | None | |
Presidents of the Council of Ministers
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French State (1940–1944)
Template:Main Following the success of the German military in the Battle of France, the government under Marshal Philippe Pétain signed the Second Armistice at Compiègne. The armistice transferred the northern territory of the nation into a zone occupied by the German army, while the southern portion of the country would remain a Zone libre. Those opposed to the armistice, led by Charles de Gaulle, continued the war effort abroad and formed a government in exile. On 10 July 1940, the French parliament voted to give full powers to Pétain who days later proclaimed the État Français (the "French State"), commonly known as "Vichy France" due to its location. Pétain served as Chief of State and nominal President of the Council of Ministers, until 1942. From 1942, Pétain remained Chief of State, but Pierre Laval was named Chief of the Government.
When the war concluded, de Gaulle explicitly refused to declare a new republic, insisting that the Third Republic had never ceased to exist.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> The Ordinance of 9 August 1944 declared the Vichy government unconstitutional, and as such any actions taken by them were null and void.
Vice-Presidents of the Council of Ministers
| Vice-president of the Council of Ministers Template:Small |
Term of office | Faction | Legislature Template:Small |
Head of State Template:Small | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tenure | Duration | ||||||||||
| (49) | File:Pierre Laval a Meurisse 1931.jpg | Pierre Laval Template:Small |
5 | 11 July 1940 | 13 December 1940 | Template:Ayd | rowspan=3 style="background:Template:Party color" | | National Revolution | None | rowspan=3 style="background:Template:Party color" | | Philippe Pétain File:Pétain - portrait photographique.jpg Template:Small |
| (53) | File:Pierre-Étienne Flandin 1935.jpg | Pierre-Étienne Flandin Template:Small |
2 | 13 December 1940 | 9 February 1941 | Template:Ayd | |||||
| 58 | File:François Darlan.jpg | François Darlan Template:Small |
• | 9 February 1941 | 18 April 1942 | Template:Ayd | |||||
Chief of the Government
| Chief of the Government Template:Small |
Term of office | Faction | Legislature Template:Small |
Head of State Template:Small | |||||||
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| Tenure | Duration | ||||||||||
| (49) | File:Pierre Laval a Meurisse 1931.jpg | Pierre Laval Template:Small |
6 | 18 April 1942 | 19 August 1944 | Template:Ayd | style="background:Template:Party color" | | National Revolution | None | style="background:Template:Party color" | | Philippe Pétain File:Pétain - portrait photographique.jpg Template:Small |
Provisional Government of the French Republic (1944–1946)
Template:Main A Provisional Government of the French Republic was set up by the Free France resistance leadership on June 3, 1944 in the leadup to the Allies' invasion of Normandy. The primary goals of this government were to oversee the war effort and secure French national sovereignty following the war and prevent allied military administration. Following the war, a constitutional referendum showed overwhelming support for reorganizing the government in a constituent assembly.
Chairmen of the Provisional Government
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Fourth French Republic (1946–1958)
Template:Main A series of referendums in 1946 resulted in the adoption of a new constitution. The new constitution split executive power between a President of the Republic and a President of the Council of Ministers. This marked the first time the role of the President of the Council of Ministers was explicitly laid out in a constitution, previously the role existed merely as a convention.
Presidents of the Council of Ministers
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20th century – 21st century
Fifth French Republic (since 1958)
Template:Main The Fourth Republic collapsed as the result of the Algiers Crisis of 1958. Charles de Gaulle returned from retirement and in order to prevent a civil war was granted extraordinary powers to restructure the government. The new constitution strengthened the powers of the executive, especially those of the President which had previously been mostly a ceremonial role.
Prime Ministers
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Living former prime ministers
The most recent death of a former prime minister was that of Jacques Chirac (1974 – 1976/1986 – 1988), who died on 26 September 2019 at the age of 86.
Timeline
Executive Prime Ministers (1814–1959)
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bar:Talleyrand from: 01/04/1814 till: 02/05/1814 color:Independent from: 09/07/1815 till: 26/09/1815 color:Independent text:"Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord" bar:Blacas from: 02/05/1814 till: 08/07/1815 color:Independent text:"Pierre Louis Jean Casimir de Blacas" bar:Richelieu from: 26/09/1815 till: 29/12/1818 color:Independent from: 20/02/1820 till: 14/12/1821 color:Doctrinaires text:"Armand-Emmanuel, Duc de Richelieu bar:Dessolles from: 29/12/1818 till: 19/11/1819 color:Doctrinaires text:"Jean-Joseph, Marquis Dessolles" bar:Decazes from: 19/11/1819 till: 20/02/1820 color:Doctrinaires text:"Élie, duc de Decazes bar:Villele from: 14/12/1821 till: 04/01/1828 color:Ultraroyal text:"Jean-Baptiste de Villèle" bar:Martignac from: 04/01/1828 till: 08/08/1829 color:Doctrinaires text:"Jean Baptiste Gay bar:Polignac from: 08/08/1829 till: 29/07/1830 color:Ultraroyal text:"Jules de Polignac bar:Mortemart from: 29/07/1830 till: 29/07/1830 color:Ultraroyal text:"Casimir de Rochechouart" 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color:Opportunist from: 13/12/1877 till: 04/02/1879 color:Opportunist text:"Jules Armand Dufaure" bar:Albert from: 25/05/1873 till: 22/05/1874 color:Monarchist from: 17/05/1877 till: 23/11/1877 color:Monarchist text:"Albert, duc de Broglie" bar:Cissey from: 22/05/1874 till: 10/03/1875 color:Monarchist text:"Ernest Courtot de Cissey" bar:Buffet from: 10/03/1875 till: 23/02/1876 color:Monarchist text:"Louis Buffet" bar:Simon from: 12/12/1876 till: 17/05/1877 color:Opportunist text:"Jules Simon" bar:Rochebouet from: 23/11/1877 till: 13/12/1877 color:Monarchist text:"Gaëtan de Rochebouët" bar:Waddington from: 04/02/1879 till: 28/12/1879 color:Opportunist text:"William Waddington" bar:Freycinet from: 28/12/1879 till: 23/09/1880 color:Opportunist from: 30/01/1882 till: 07/08/1882 color:Opportunist from: 07/01/1886 till: 16/12/1886 color:Opportunist from: 17/03/1890 till: 27/02/1892 color:Opportunist text:"Charles de Freycinet" bar:Ferry from: 23/09/1880 till: 14/11/1881 color:Opportunist from: 21/02/1883 till: 06/04/1885 color:Opportunist text:"Jules Ferry" bar:Gambetta from: 14/11/1881 till: 30/01/1882 color:Opportunist text:"Léon Gambetta" bar:Duclerc from: 07/08/1882 till: 29/01/1883 color:Opportunist text:"Charles Duclerc" bar:Fallieres from: 29/01/1883 till: 21/02/1883 color:Opportunist text:"Armand Fallières" bar:Brisson from: 06/04/1885 till: 07/01/1886 color:Radical from: 28/06/1898 till: 01/11/1898 color:Radical text:"Henri Brisson" bar:Goblet from: 16/12/1886 till: 30/05/1887 color:Radical text:"René Goblet" bar:Rouvier from: 30/05/1887 till: 12/12/1887 color:Opportunist from: 24/01/1905 till: 12/03/1906 color:DemAlliance text:"Maurice Rouvier" bar:Tirad from: 12/12/1887 till: 03/04/1888 color:Opportunist from: 22/02/1889 till: 17/03/1890 color:Opportunist text:"Pierre Tirard" bar:Floquet from: 03/04/1888 till: 22/02/1889 color:Opportunist text:"Charles Floquet" bar:Loubet from: 27/02/1892 till: 06/12/1892 color:Opportunist text:"Émile Loubet" bar:Ribot from: 06/12/1892 till: 04/04/1893 color:Opportunist from: 26/01/1895 till: 01/11/1895 color:Opportunist from: 09/06/1914 till: 13/06/1914 color:Federation from: 20/03/1917 till: 12/09/1917 color:Federation text:"Alexandre Ribot" bar:Dupuy from: 04/04/1893 till: 03/12/1893 color:Opportunist from: 30/05/1894 till: 26/01/1895 color:Opportunist from: 01/11/1898 till: 22/06/1899 color:Opportunist text:"Charles Dupuy" bar:Perier from: 03/12/1893 till: 30/05/1894 color:Opportunist text:"Jean Casimir-Perier" bar:Bourgeois from: 01/11/1895 till: 29/04/1896 color:Radical text:"Léon Bourgeois" bar:Meline from: 29/04/1896 till: 28/06/1898 color:Opportunist text:"Jules Méline" bar:Waldeck from: 22/06/1899 till: 07/06/1902 color:Opportunist text:"Pierre Waldeck-Rousseau" bar:Combes from: 07/06/1902 till: 24/01/1905 color:RadSocialist text:"Émile Combes" bar:Sarrien from: 12/03/1906 till: 25/10/1906 color:RadSocialist text:"Ferdinand Sarrien" bar:Clemenceau from: 25/10/1906 till: 24/07/1909 color:Independent from: 16/11/1917 till: 20/01/1920 color:Independent text:"Georges Clemenceau" bar:Briand from: 24/07/1909 till: 02/03/1911 color:RepSoc from: 21/01/1913 till: 22/03/1913 color:RepSoc from: 29/10/1915 till: 20/03/1917 color:RepSoc from: 16/01/1921 till: 15/01/1922 color:RepSoc from: 28/11/1925 till: 20/07/1926 color:RepSoc from: 29/07/1929 till: 02/11/1929 color:RepSoc text:"Aristide Briand" bar:Monis from: 02/03/1911 till: 27/06/1911 color:RadSocialist text:"Ernest Monis" bar:Caillaux from: 27/06/1911 till: 21/01/1912 color:RadSocialist text:"Joseph Callaux" bar:Poincare from: 21/01/1912 till: 21/01/1913 color:DemAlliance from: 15/01/1922 till: 08/06/1924 color:DemAlliance from: 23/07/1926 till: 29/06/1929 color:DemAlliance text:"Raymond Poincaré" bar:Barthou from: 22/03/1913 till: 09/12/1913 color:DemAlliance text:"Louis Barthou" bar:Doumergue from: 09/12/1913 till: 09/06/1914 color:RadSocialist from: 09/02/1934 till: 08/11/1934 color:RadSocialist text:"Gaston Doumergue" bar:Viviani from: 13/06/1914 till: 29/10/1915 color:RepSoc text:"René Viviani" bar:Painleve from: 12/09/1917 till: 16/11/1917 color:RepSoc from: 17/04/1925 till: 28/11/1925 color:RepSoc text:"Paul Painlevé" bar:Millerand from: 20/01/1920 till: 24/09/1920 color:Independent text:"Alexandre Millerand" bar:Leygues from: 24/09/1920 till: 16/01/1921 color:DemAlliance text:"Georges Leygues" bar:Marsal from: 08/06/1924 till: 15/06/1924 color:Federation text:"Frédéric François-Marsal" bar:Herriot from: 15/06/1924 till: 17/04/1925 color:RadSocialist from: 20/07/1926 till: 23/07/1926 color:RadSocialist from: 03/06/1932 till: 18/12/1932 color:RadSocialist text:"Édouard Herriot" bar:Tardieu from: 02/11/1929 till: 21/01/1930 color:DemAlliance from: 02/03/1930 till: 13/12/1930 color:DemAlliance from: 20/02/1932 till: 03/06/1932 color:DemAlliance text:"André Tardieu" bar:Chautemps from: 21/02/1930 till: 02/03/1930 color:RadSocialist from: 26/11/1933 till: 30/01/1934 color:RadSocialist from: 22/06/1937 till: 13/03/1938 color:RadSocialist text:"Camille Chautemps" bar:Steeg from: 13/12/1930 till: 27/01/1931 color:RadSocialist text:"Théodore Steeg" bar:Laval from: 27/01/1931 till: 20/02/1932 color:Independent from: 07/06/1935 till: 24/01/1936 color:Independent from: 11/07/1940 till: 13/12/1940 color:NatRev from: 18/04/1942 till: 19/08/1944 color:NatRev text:"Pierre Laval" bar:Boncour from: 18/12/1932 till: 31/01/1933 color:RepSoc text:"Joseph Paul-Boncour" bar:Daladier from: 31/01/1933 till: 26/10/1933 color:RadSocialist from: 30/01/1934 till: 09/02/1934 color:RadSocialist from: 10/04/1938 till: 21/03/1940 color:RadSocialist text:"Édouard Daladier" bar:Sarraut from: 26/10/1933 till: 26/11/1933 color:RadSocialist from: 24/01/1936 till: 04/06/1936 color:RadSocialist text:"Albert Sarraut bar:Flandin from: 08/11/1934 till: 01/06/1935 color:DemAlliance from: 13/12/1940 till: 09/02/1941 color:NatRev text:"Pierre-Étienne Flandin" bar:Bouisson from: 01/06/1935 till: 07/06/1935 color:Independent text:"Fernand Bouisson" bar:Blum from: 04/06/1936 till: 22/06/1937 color:SFIO from: 13/03/1938 till: 10/04/1938 color:SFIO from: 16/12/1946 till: 22/01/1947 color:SFIO text:"Léon Blum" bar:Reynaud from: 21/03/1940 till: 15/06/1940 color:DemAlliance text:"Paul Reynaud" bar:Petain from: 16/06/1940 till: 11/07/1940 color:Independent text:"Philippe Pétain" bar:Darlan from: 09/02/1941 till: 18/04/1942 color:NatRev text:"François Darlan" bar:deGaulle from: 03/06/1944 till: 26/01/1946 color:Independent from: 01/06/1958 till: 08/01/1959 color:Gaullist text:"Charles de Gaulle" bar:Gouin from: 26/01/1946 till: 24/06/1946 color:SFIO text:"Félix Gouin" bar:Bidault from: 24/06/1946 till: 16/12/1946 color:PopRepMo from: 28/10/1949 till: 02/07/1950 color:PopRepMo text:"Georges Bidault" bar:Auriol from: 28/11/1946 till: 16/12/1946 color:SFIO text:"Vincent Auriol" bar:Ramadier from: 22/01/1947 till: 24/11/1947 color:SFIO text:"Paul Ramadier" bar:Schuman from: 24/11/1947 till: 24/07/1948 color:PopRepMo from: 02/09/1948 till: 11/09/1948 color:PopRepMo text:"Robert Schuman" bar:Marie from: 24/07/1948 till: 02/09/1948 color:RadSocialist text:"André Marie" bar:Queuille from: 11/09/1948 till: 28/10/1949 color:RadSocialist from: 10/03/1951 till: 11/08/1951 color:RadSocialist text:"Henri Queuille" bar:Pleven from: 12/07/1950 till: 10/03/1951 color:DSUR from: 11/08/1951 till: 20/01/1952 color:DSUR text:"René Pleven" bar:Faure from: 20/01/1952 till: 08/03/1952 color:RadSocialist from: 17/02/1955 till: 01/02/1956 color:RadSocialist text:"Edgar Faure" bar:Pinay from: 08/03/1952 till: 08/01/1953 color:CNIP text:"Antoine Pinay" bar:Mayer from: 08/01/1953 till: 28/06/1953 color:RadSocialist text:"René Mayer" bar:Laniel from: 28/06/1953 till: 19/06/1954 color:CNIP text:"Joseph Laniel" bar:France from: 19/06/1954 till: 17/02/1955 color:RadSocialist text:"Pierre Mendès France" bar:Mollet from: 01/02/1956 till: 13/06/1957 color:SFIO text:"Guy Mollet" bar:Maunoury from: 13/06/1957 till: 06/11/1957 color:RadSocialist text:"Maurice Bourgès-Maunoury" bar:Gaillard from: 06/11/1957 till: 14/05/1958 color:RadSocialist text:"Félix Gaillard" bar:Pflimin from: 14/05/1958 till: 01/06/1958 color:PopRepMo text:"Pierre Pflimlin"
</timeline>
Semi-executive Prime Ministers (since 1959)
<timeline> ImageSize = width:1050 height:auto barincrement:12 PlotArea = top:3 bottom:100 right:70 left:1 AlignBars = late
Define $today = {{#time:d/m/Y}}
DateFormat = dd/mm/yyyy Period = from:01/01/1959 till:31/12/{{#expr:{{#time:Y}}}} TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:5 start:1960 ScaleMinor = unit:year increment:1 start:1960
Colors =
id:Independent value:rgb(0.8,0.8,0.8) legend: Independent id:UNR value:rgb(0,0,0.78) legend: Union_for_the_New_Republic id:UDR value:rgb(0.91,0.32,0.09) legend: Union_of_Democrats_for_the_Republic id:Socialist value:rgb(0.93,0.09,0.32) legend: Socialist_Party id:RPR value:rgb(0.031,0.13,0.5) legend: Rally_for_the_Republic id:UMP value:rgb(0,0.4,0.8) legend: Union_for_a_Popular_Movement id:LR value:rgb(0.23,0.37,0.57) legend: The_Republicans id:RE value:rgb(1,0.839,0) legend: Renaissance id:MoDem value:rgb(0.94,0.33,0.15) legend: Democratic_Movement
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TextData =
pos:(10,60) textcolor:black fontsize:M text:"Political parties:"
BarData =
bar:Debre bar:Pompidou bar:Murville bar:Delmas bar:Messmer bar:Chirac bar:Barre bar:Mauroy bar:Fabius bar:Rocard bar:Cresson bar:Deregovoy bar:Balladur bar:Juppe bar:Jospin bar:Raffarin bar:Villepin bar:Fillon bar:Ayrault bar:Valls bar:Cazeneuve bar:Philippe bar:Castex bar:Borne bar:Attal bar:Barnier bar:Bayrou bar:Lecornu
PlotData =
width:5 align:left fontsize:S shift:(5,-4) anchor:till
bar:Debre from: 08/01/1959 till: 14/04/1962 color:UNR text:"Michel Debré" bar:Pompidou from: 14/04/1962 till: 26/11/1967 color:UNR from: 26/11/1967 till: 10/07/1968 color:UDR text:"Georges Pompidou" bar:Murville from: 10/07/1968 till: 20/06/1969 color:UDR text:"Maurice Couve de Murville" bar:Delmas from: 20/06/1969 till: 05/07/1972 color:UDR text:"Jacques Chaban-Delmas" bar:Messmer from: 05/07/1972 till: 27/05/1974 color:UDR text:"Pierre Messmer" bar:Chirac from: 27/05/1974 till: 25/08/1976 color:UDR from: 20/03/1986 till: 10/05/1988 color:RPR text:"Jacques Chirac" bar:Barre from: 25/08/1976 till: 21/05/1981 color:Independent text:"Raymond Barre" bar:Mauroy from: 21/05/1981 till: 27/07/1984 color:Socialist text:"Pierre Mauroy" bar:Fabius from: 17/07/1984 till: 20/03/1986 color:Socialist text:"Laurent Fabius" bar:Rocard from: 10/05/1988 till: 15/05/1991 color:Socialist text:"Michel Rocard" bar:Cresson from: 15/05/1991 till: 02/04/1992 color:Socialist text:"Édith Cresson" bar:Deregovoy from: 02/04/1992 till: 29/03/1993 color:Socialist text:"Pierre Bérégovoy" bar:Balladur from: 29/03/1993 till: 17/05/1995 color:RPR text:"Édouard Balladur" bar:Juppe from: 17/05/1995 till: 02/06/1997 color:RPR text:"Alain Juppé" bar:Jospin from: 02/06/1997 till: 06/05/2002 color:Socialist text:"Lionel Jospin" bar:Raffarin from: 06/05/2002 till: 31/05/2005 color:UMP text:"Jean-Pierre Raffarin" bar:Villepin from: 31/05/2005 till: 17/05/2007 color:UMP text:"Dominique de Villepin" bar:Fillon from: 17/05/2007 till: 15/05/2012 color:UMP text:"François Fillon" bar:Ayrault from: 15/05/2012 till: 31/03/2014 color:Socialist text:"Jean-Marc Ayrault" bar:Valls from: 31/03/2014 till: 06/12/2016 color:Socialist text:"Manuel Valls" bar:Cazeneuve from: 06/12/2016 till: 15/05/2017 color:Socialist text:"Bernard Cazeneuve" bar:Philippe from: 15/05/2017 till: 19/06/2017 color:LR from: 19/06/2017 till: 03/07/2020 color:Independent text:"Édouard Philippe" bar:Castex from: 03/07/2020 till: 16/05/2022 color:Independent text:"Jean Castex" bar:Borne from: 16/05/2022 till: 09/01/2024 color:RE text:"Élisabeth Borne" bar:Attal from: 09/01/2024 till: 05/09/2024 color:RE text:"Gabriel Attal" bar:Barnier from: 05/09/2024 till: 13/12/2024 color:LR text:"Michel Barnier" bar:Bayrou from: 13/12/2024 till: 09/09/2025 color:MoDem text:"François Bayrou" bar:Lecornu from: 09/09/2025 till: $today color:RE text:"Sébastien Lecornu"
</timeline>
See also
Notes
References
External links
- List on the website of the French Prime Minister (in French)