Ratan Tata
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Ratan Naval TataTemplate:Efn (28 December 1937 Template:Ndash 9 October 2024) was an Indian industrialist, philanthropist, visionary leader and ethical statesman. He served as the chairman of Tata Group and Tata Sons from 1991 to 2012 and he held the position of interim chairman from October 2016 to February 2017.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In 2000, he received the Padma Bhushan, the third highest civilian honour in India, followed by the Padma Vibhushan, the country's second highest civilian honour, in 2008.<ref name="List of Fellows" />
Ratan Tata was the son of Naval Tata, who was adopted by Ratanji Tata, son of Jamshedji Tata, the founder of the Tata Group. He graduated from Cornell University College of Architecture with a bachelor's degree in architecture.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> He had also attended the Harvard Business School (HBS) Advanced Management Program in 1975.<ref name="auto2"/> He joined the Tata Group in 1962,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> starting on the shop floor of Tata Steel. He later succeeded J. R. D. Tata as chairman of Tata Sons upon the latter's retirement in 1991. During his tenure, the Tata Group acquired Tetley, Jaguar Land Rover, and Corus, in an attempt to turn Tata from a largely India-centric group into a global business.
Throughout his life, Tata invested in over 40 start-ups, primarily in a personal capacity, with additional investments through his firm, RNT Capital Advisors.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Early life and education
Template:Main Ratan Tata was born in Mumbai (earlier Bombay), during the British Raj, into a Parsi Zoroastrian family, on 28 December 1937.<ref>Template:Cite encyclopedia</ref> He was the son of Naval Tata (who was born in Surat and later adopted into the Tata family), and Soonoo Tata (the niece of Tata group founder Jamsetji Tata). Tata's biological grandfather, Hormusji Tata was a member of the Tata family by blood. In 1948, when Tata was 10, his parents separated, and he was subsequently raised and adopted by Navajbai Tata, his grandmother and widow of Ratanji Tata.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> He had a younger brother Jimmy Tata<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> and a half-brother, Noel Tata, from Naval Tata's second marriage to his stepmother Simone Tata and two half-sisters Shireen and Deanna Jeejebhoy from his mother's second marriage.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Tata studied at the Campion School, Mumbai until 8th grade. He then continued his studies at the Cathedral and John Connon School in Mumbai, the Bishop Cotton School in Shimla, and the Riverdale Country School in New York City, from which he graduated in 1955.<ref name="toitataschool">Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite newsTemplate:Dead link</ref> After high school, Tata enrolled in Cornell University, from which he graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1962.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> While at Cornell, Tata became a member of the Alpha Sigma Phi fraternity. In 1975, Tata enrolled in the Advanced Management Program at Harvard Business School (HBS).<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In 2008, Tata gifted Cornell $50 million, becoming the largest international donor in the university's history.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Tata also donated $50 million to Harvard Business School, Harvard University to establish an executive center, which is now called Tata Hall that supports over 9,000 executive education students each year.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Career
Early years
After graduating from Cornell,<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> Tata worked at the architectural firm Jones & Emmons in Los Angeles,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> until his return to India in late 1962.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>Template:Better source needed
Later years
In the 1970s, Ratan Tata was given a managerial position in the Tata group. He achieved initial success by turning the subsidiary National Radio and Electronics (NELCO) around, only to see it collapse during an economic slowdown.<ref name="BS">Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In 1991, J. R. D. Tata stepped down as chairman of Tata Sons, naming him his successor. Initially, Tata faced stiff resistance from the heads of various subsidiaries, who had a large amount of operational freedom under the senior Tata's tenure. In response, Tata implemented a number of policies designed to consolidate power, including the implementation of a retirement age, having subsidiaries report directly to the group office, and requiring subsidiaries to contribute their profit to building the Tata group brand. Tata prioritized innovation and delegated many responsibilities to younger talent.<ref name="ChrisDeresky">Template:Cite book</ref> Under his leadership, overlapping operations between subsidiaries were streamlined into company-wide operations, with the group exiting unrelated businesses to take on globalization.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
During the 21 years Tata led the Tata Group, revenue grew over 40 times, and profit over 50 times.<ref name="BS"/> When he took over the company, sales overwhelmingly comprised commodity sales, but at the end of his tenure, the majority of sales came from brands.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> He had Tata Tea acquire Tetley, Tata Motors acquire Jaguar Land Rover, and Tata Steel acquire Corus. These acquisitions repositioned Tata from a largely India-centric group into a global business, with over 65% of revenues coming from operations and sales internationally.<ref name="BS"/>
He also conceptualized and spearheaded the development of the Tata Nano car after the grand success of Diesel Tata Indica, which helped put cars at a price-point within reach of the average Indian consumer.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="ChrisDeresky" /> Tata Motors has since rolled out the first batch of Tigor Electric Vehicles from its Sanand Plant in Gujarat, which Tata has described as to "fast-forward India's electric dream."<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Upon turning 75, Ratan Tata resigned his executive powers in the Tata group on 28 December 2012. An ensuing leadership crisis over his succession drew intense media scrutiny.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The board of directors of the company appointed his successor, Cyrus Mistry, a relative of Tata and the son of Pallonji Mistry of the Shapoorji Pallonji Group, which was the largest individual shareholder of the Tata group.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> On 24 October 2016, Cyrus Mistry was removed as chairman of Tata Sons, and Ratan Tata was made interim chairman. A selection committee, which included Tata as a member, was formed to find a successor.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> On 12 January 2017, Natarajan Chandrasekaran was named as the chairman of Tata Sons, a role he assumed in February 2017. In February 2017, Mistry was removed as a director for Tata Sons.<ref name=":0">Template:Cite web</ref> The National Company Law Appellate Tribunal later found in December 2019 that the removal of Cyrus Mistry as the chairman of Tata Sons was illegal, and ordered that he be reinstated.<ref name=":0" /> On appeal, India's Supreme Court upheld the dismissal of Cyrus Mistry.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Tata had also invested in multiple companies. He had invested in Snapdeal – one of India's leading e-commerce websites at that time. In January 2016, he invested in Teabox, an online premium Indian Tea seller,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> and CashKaro.com, a discount coupons and cash-back website.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> He had made small investments in both early and late stage companies in India, such as INR 0.95 Cr in Ola Cabs.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In April 2015, it was reported that Tata had acquired a stake in the Chinese smartphone startup Xiaomi.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In 2016, he invested in Nestaway an online real-estate portal that later acquired Zenify to start the online real-estate and pet-care portal, Dogspot.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Tata also launched a companionship startup for senior citizens named Goodfellows, to encourage intergenerational friendships.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Philanthropic contributions and endowments
Tata was a supporter of education, medicine and rural development, and considered a leading philanthropist in India. Ratan Tata was the highest international donor to the Cornell University.<ref name=":2">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name=":3">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name=":4">Template:Cite web</ref>
1984 Anti-Sikh Pogrom victims
In the aftermath of the 1984 Anti-Sikh Riots, Ratan Tata extended his support to affected Sikh survivors by donating trucks through Tata Motors. This enabled Sikh truck drivers who had lost their vehicles during the violence to regain their livelihoods. His charitable donation enabled many Sikh victims to rebuild their lives and businesses. Following this act, Sikh drivers in Punjab and other parts of India continue to remain loyal customers of Tata trucks.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
University of New South Wales
Tata supported University of New South Wales Faculty of Engineering to develop capacitive deionisation to provide improved water for challenged areas.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
University of California
Tata Hall at the University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego) is a state-of-the-art research facility that was opened in November 2018. The building is named after the Tata Trusts, which donated $70 million to UC San Diego in 2016 to establish the Tata Institute for Genetics and Society (TIGS), which is housed within the building. The Tata Institute for Genetics and Society at UC San Diego is a joint initiative between the Tata Trusts and UC San Diego. It aims to address some of the world's most pressing problems, such as the spread of infectious diseases and the need for sustainable food sources. The research conducted at the institute focuses on a range of topics, including gene editing, stem cell therapy, and disease control.<ref name=":1">Template:Cite web</ref> Tata Hall at the UC San Diego is a 4-storey building that is spread over 128,000 square feet and houses research facilities for the biological and physical sciences. The building has laboratories, offices, and meeting spaces that are designed to foster collaboration and innovation among researchers. It is a LEED-certified building; designed to be environmentally sustainable and energy-efficient.<ref name=":1" />
Tata Education and Development Trust
Tata Education and Development Trust, a philanthropic affiliate of Tata Group, endowed a $28 million Tata Scholarship Fund that will allow Cornell University to provide financial aid to undergraduate students from India. The scholarship fund will support approximately 20 scholars at any given time and will ensure that the very best Indian students have access to Cornell, regardless of their financial circumstances. The scholarship will be awarded annually; recipients will receive it for the duration of their undergraduate study at Cornell.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Executive center at Harvard Business School
In 2010 Tata Group companies and Tata charities donated $50 million for the construction of an executive center at Harvard Business School (HBS).<ref name="HBS TH">Template:Cite web</ref> The executive center has been named Tata Hall, after Ratan Tata.<ref name="Tata Hall HBS Named">Template:Cite news</ref> The total construction costs have been estimated at $100 million.<ref name="HBS 100M">Template:Cite web</ref> Tata Hall is located in the northeast corner of the HBS campus, and is devoted to the Harvard Business School's mid-career executive education program. It is seven stories tall, and about 155,000 gross square feet. It houses approximately 180 bedrooms, in addition to academic and multi-purpose spaces.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Tata Innovation Center at Cornell Tech
The Tata Innovation Center at Cornell Tech is named after Ratan Tata, and mixes academics and industry in a building on the Roosevelt Island campus. The seven-floor structure is meant primarily as a business incubator for students, faculty, and staff, with 70% of the building being commercially leased and 30% devoted to academic space. Tata Consultancy Services (TCS) is a tenant in the space.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Indian Institute of Technology
In 2014, Tata Group endowed the Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay with Template:INRConvert and formed the Tata Centre for Technology and Design (TCTD) to develop design and engineering principles suited to the needs of people and communities with limited resources.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Indian Centre for Neuroscience
Tata Trusts under the chairmanship of Ratan Tata provided a grant of Template:INRConvert to the Centre for Neuroscience, Indian Institute of Science to study mechanisms underlying the cause of Alzheimer's disease and to evolve methods for its early diagnosis and treatment. This grant was to be spread over 5 years starting in 2014.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
MIT Tata Center of Technology and Design
Tata Group, under the leadership of Ratan Tata formed the MIT Tata Center of Technology and Design at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) with a mission to address the challenges of resource-constrained communities, with an initial focus on India.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Cornell University
Ratan Tata was the highest international donor to the Cornell University.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" /> Cornell University paid tribute to its alumnus Ratan Tata, honouring his leadership, philanthropy, and contributions to education and research, particularly through the Tata-Cornell Institute for Agriculture and Nutrition.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Contributions to Taj Hotel Staff victims
Following the attack on the Taj Mahal Palace Hotel in November 2008 by Pakistan based terrorists of Lashkar-e-Taiba, Tata decided to restore the heritage of the hotel as well as financially support the families of people who lost their lives in the attack, even personally visiting the homes of victims to ensure their well-being. During the carnage, Tata also chose to wait outside the Taj Hotel for three days until the operation concluded.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Animal welfare
In June 2024, Tata personally appealed on Instagram for volunteers to donate blood for a critically ill stray dog at his Mumbai animal hospital, prompting numerous offers and underlining his personal commitment to animal welfare.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Board memberships and affiliations
Ratan Tata was the interim chairman of Tata Sons. He headed the main two Tata trusts, Sir Dorabji Tata and Allied Trusts and Sir Ratan Tata Trust and their allied trusts, with a combined stake of 66% in Tata Sons, Tata group's holding company.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
He served in various capacities in organisations in India and abroad. He was a member of Prime Minister's 'Council on Trade and Industry' and the 'National Manufacturing Competitiveness Council'. He was on the jury panel of Pritzker Architecture Prize<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> – considered to be one of the world's premier architecture prizes.
Over the years, Tata had served on the Cornell University Board of Trustees, personally advising the school's administration in matters of international involvement, particularly regarding projects connected to India. More broadly, Tata had served on the board's Academic Affairs, Student Life, and Development Committees. In 2013 he was named Cornell Entrepreneur of the Year.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
He was a director on the boards of Alcoa Inc., Mondelez International<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> and Board of Governors of the East–West Center. He was also a member of the board of trustees of University of Southern California, Harvard Business School Board of Dean's Advisors, X Prize<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> and Cornell University. He was a member on the board of International Advisory Council at Bocconi University.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
He was on the advisory board of Hakluyt & Co, an international consultancy company.<ref name="auto">Template:Cite web</ref>
In 2013, he was appointed to the board of trustees of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.<ref name="auto1">Template:Cite web</ref>
In February 2015, Ratan took an advisory role at Kalari Capital, a venture capital firm founded by Vani Kola.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
In October 2016, Tata Sons removed Cyrus Mistry as its chairman, nearly 4 years after he took over the reins of the over $100 billion conglomerate, Ratan Tata made a comeback, taking over the company's interim boss for 4 months.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> On 12 January 2017, Natarajan Chandrasekaran was named as the chairman of Tata Sons, a role he assumed in February 2017.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Personal life and death
Tata never married and had no children. In 2011, he stated, "I came close to getting married four times and each time I backed off in fear or for one reason or another."<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Tata was admitted to Breach Candy Hospital in critical condition and was under intensive care.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> He died there at 23:30 IST on 9 October 2024, at the age of 86 due to age-related issues.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Following his death, the Government of Maharashtra and the Government of Jharkhand announced a day of mourning.
On 10 October, Tata was given a state funeral.<ref name=statefuneral>Template:Cite news</ref> His last rites were conducted at the Parsi crematorium at Worli. He was accorded with military and 21-gun salute during his final rites.<ref name=statefuneral /><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The Mumbai Police delivered a ceremonial guard of honour and his body was wrapped in the Indian flag.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Even after death, Tata donated Template:INRConvert in his will which includes his mentee Shantanu Naidu.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Ratan Tata's will
Ratan Tata's will, made public after his death, outlines the distribution of his Template:INRConvert crore estate among family, friends, staff, and charitable organisations.<ref name=":5">Template:Cite web</ref>
Key aspects of the will:<ref name=":5" />
- Ratan Tata Endowment Foundation (RTEF): A significant portion of Tata's wealth around Template:INRConvert crore worth of shares, including in Tata Group companies like Tata Motors and Tata Sons, will be transferred to the RTEF, a charitable trust established in 2022 and the Ratan Tata Endowment Trust for philanthropic purposes.
- Family: The will designates assets to Tata's family members, including his brother Jimmy Tata and half-sisters Shireen and Deanna Jejeebhoy. His half sisters are also the will's executors.
- Mohini Mohan Dutta: Mohini Mohan Dutta, a Jamshedpur-based entrepreneur and former Tata Group employee, is entitled to one-third of the residual estate, including bank deposits exceeding Template:INRConvert and proceeds from selling personal items.
- Shantanu Naidu: Tata's mentee and executive assistant, Shantanu Naidu, is named in the will. Tata also relinquished his stake in Naidu’s companionship venture, Goodfellows, and waived his education loan of Template:INRConvert extended for his MBA studies at Cornell University.
- Staff: Provisions are included for long-serving household staff. Tata bequeathed nearly Template:INRConvert to his household staff and office employees. He waived personal loans given to his staff and even a neighbour. Additionally, Template:INRConvert was allocated to part-time helpers and car cleaners. Several staff members received individual bequests, including: Rajan Shaw (Cook) – just over Template:INRConvert, including a loan waiver of Template:INRConvert, Subbaiah Konar (Butler) – Template:INRConvert, including a loan waiver of Template:INRConvert, Delnaz Gilder (Secretary) – Template:INRConvert, Raju Leon (Driver) – Template:INRConvert along with a Template:INRConvert loan waiver, Hoshi D Malesara (Tata Trusts Consultant) – Template:INRConvert, Devendar Katamollu (Alibaug Bungalow Caretaker) – Template:INRConvert, Deepti Divakaran (Personal Assistant) – Template:INRConvert, Gopal Singh (Peon) – Template:INRConvert, Pandurang Gurav (Peon) – Template:INRConvert, Sarfaraz Deshmukh (Helper) – Template:INRConvert loan waiver.<ref name=":6">Template:Cite news</ref>
- Pets: Tata's will ensures that his German Shepherd - Tito, will be cared for and his will allocated Template:INRConvert for the dog’s care.
- Assets: Tata’s estate comprises assets including a 2,000-square-foot beach bungalow in Alibaug, a two-story residence in Mumbai, and fixed deposits exceeding Template:INRConvert.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Luxury cars: Tata's collection of 20 to 30 luxury vehicles may be acquired by the Tata Group for display in a museum or for auctioning.
- Clothes: Tata also instructed that all his clothing be donated to NGOs for distribution to the underprivileged. Known for his refined taste in fashion, Tata’s wardrobe included brands like Daks, Polo, Brooks Brothers, Brioni suits, and Hermes ties.<ref name=":6" />
- Overseas: His Seychelles land worth Template:INRConvertwas bequeathed to RNT Associates, a Singapore-registered fund, whose shareholders include former Tata Trusts managing trustee R Venkatraman and former Tata Technologies CEO Patrick McGoldrick.<ref name=":6" />
Honours and awards
Ratan Tata received the Padma Bhushan in 2000 and Padma Vibhushan in 2008, the third and second highest civilian honours awarded by the Government of India.<ref name="Padma Awards">Template:Cite web</ref> Tata also received various state civilian honours such as 'Maharashtra Bhushan' in 2006 for his work in the public administration in Maharashtra and 'Assam Baibhav' in 2021 for his contribution towards furthering cancer care in Assam.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Other awards include:
In popular culture
Mega Icons (2018–2020), an Indian documentary television series on National Geographic about prominent Indian personalities, dedicated an episode to Ratan Tata's contributions.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
In 2021, one of Tata's executive assistants, Shantanu Naidu, wrote a memoir that covered his time with the industrialist. The book, I Came Upon a Lighthouse: A Short Memoir of Life with Ratan Tata was published through HarperCollins India.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
See also
References
Footnotes Template:Notelist Template:Reflist
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Bibliography
External links
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- Ratan Naval Tata's chairman profile at Tata Group
- Profile at The Guardian
- Creating Emerging Markets Interview at the Harvard Business School
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