Order of the Rising Sun

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search

Template:Short description Template:About

Template:Use dmy dates Template:Infobox order

The Template:Nihongo is a Japanese order, established in 1875 by Emperor Meiji. The Order was the first national decoration awarded by the Japanese government,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> created on 10 April 1875 by decree of the Council of State.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The badge features rays of sunlight from the rising sun. The design of the Rising Sun symbolizes energy as powerful as the rising sun<ref name="emb-japan1">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> in parallel with the "rising sun" concept of Japan ("Land of the Rising Sun").

The Order of the Rising Sun is awarded to people who have rendered distinguished service to the state in various fields except military service. Since there is no order for military achievements under the current Japanese system, Japan Self-Defense Forces personnel are awarded the Order of the Sacred Treasure for their long engagement in public service.<ref>元統幕議長への瑞宝大綬章は首相指示 Sankei Shinbun. 15 July 2015</ref> Prior to the end of World War II, it was also awarded for exemplary military service. In 2003, the 7th and 8th Class, which were at the bottom of the Order of the Rising Sun, were abolished, and the upper half of the 1st Class (勲一等, Kun-ittō) was separated as the Order of the Paulownia Flowers, which was higher than the Order of the Rising Sun.<ref name=NewAward>Grand Cordon of the Order of the Paulownia Flowers Template:Webarchive Cabinet Office</ref>

Until 2003, the Order of the Rising Sun was on the same rank as the Order of the Precious Crown, with the Order of the Rising Sun being for men only and the Order of the Precious Crown for women only.<ref name ="eiten6">栄典制度の概要. p.6 Cabinet Office (Japan)</ref> The Order of the Sacred Treasure was treated as an order of slightly lower rank than the Order of the Rising Sun and the Order of the Precious Crown. For example, the 1st class of the Order of the Sacred Treasure was placed between the 1st class and the 2nd class of the Order of the Rising Sun and the Order of the Precious Crown, and the 2nd class of the Order of the Sacred Treasure was placed between the 2nd class and the 3rd class of the Order of the Rising Sun and the Order of the Precious Crown.<ref name ="eiten6"/>

Since 2003, the Order of the Rising Sun has been awarded not only to men but also to women, and the Order of the Precious Crown has become a special order given only to female members of the imperial family in Japan and female members of royal families in foreign countries, only when it is specifically necessary for diplomatic ceremonies.<ref name ="eiten6"/> The Order of the Rising Sun and the Order of the Sacred Treasure became the same rank of orders,<ref name ="eiten6"/> and one of them came to be awarded because of the difference in the nature of the contribution to the state.<ref name = "eiten5">栄典制度の概要. p.5 Cabinet Office (Japan)</ref> The Order of the Rising Sun is awarded with an emphasis on achievements to the state, and the Order of the Sacred Treasure is awarded with an emphasis on long-term public service.<ref name="kijun">勲章の授与基準. Cabinet Office (Japan)</ref>

While it is the third highest order bestowed by the Japanese government, it is however generally the highest ordinarily conferred order. The highest Japanese order, the Order of the Chrysanthemum, is reserved for heads of state or royalty, while the second highest order, the Order of the Paulownia Flowers, is mostly reserved for politicians.

The modern version of this honour has been conferred on non-Japanese recipients beginning in 1981 (although several foreigners were given the honor before World War II).<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The awarding of the Order is administered by the Decoration Bureau of the Cabinet Office headed by the Japanese prime minister. It is awarded in the name of the emperor and can be awarded posthumously.

Since 2003, the number representing rank included in the official name of the order was removed. As a result, although numbers representing ranks were sometimes used in common names, the formal names such as 勲一等 (Kun-ittō, First Class) and 勲二等 (Kun-nitō, Second Class) were no longer used.<ref name = "eiten5"/>

Criteria for awarding

File:UsgovrisingsunGC.jpg
US Navy Admiral Dennis C. Blair (2002). He was awarded the Grand Cordon of the Order of the Rising Sun (1st class) for his contribution to the stability and development of the international community.

The Order of the Rising Sun is awarded to the following contributions of women, men or other persons;<ref name ="eiten10">栄典制度の概要. p.10 Cabinet Office (Japan)</ref>

  • to the stability and development of the international community.
  • to the realization of appropriate tax payment.
  • to the promotion of school education or social education.
  • to the promotion of culture or sports.
  • to the promotion of science and technology.
  • to the improvement and promotion of social welfare.
  • to the improvement and promotion of the health or public health of citizens.
  • to the improvement of the working environment for workers.
  • to environmental conservation.

The same conditions are valid for a person who

  • is engaged in the business of agriculture, forestry, fisheries, commerce, mining, industry, information and communications industry, construction industry, real estate industry, finance and insurance industry, service industry, etc., and has contributed to the public interest by developing the economy and industry.
  • has contributed to the public interest by engaging in the services of an attorney, certified public accountant, patent attorney, etc.
  • contributed to the public interest by engaging in the work of newspapers, broadcasting or other news reporting.
  • is engaged in a public interest business such as Electricity Business, Gas Business, Transportation Business, etc. and has contributed to the promotion of public welfare.
  • A person other than those listed in the preceding items who has contributed to the public interest.

Among them, regulations on the criteria for awarding orders to those who belong to the National Diet, the central and local governments, and courts stipulate in detail which ranks are awarded for each position. For example, the Grand Cordon of the Order of the Rising Sun (1st class) is awarded to a person who has made outstanding achievements in his/her position as Prime Minister, Speaker of the House of Representatives, President of the House of Councillors, or Chief Justice of Japan. The Grand Cordon of the Order of the Rising Sun (1st class) or the Order of the Rising Sun, Gold and Silver Rays (2nd class) are awarded to a person who has made outstanding achievements in his/her position as Minister of State, Deputy Chief Cabinet Secretary, Senior Vice-Minister, Vice Speaker of the House of Representatives, Vice President of the House of Councilors, or Judge of the Supreme Court.<ref name ="eiten11">栄典制度の概要. p.11, p.12 Cabinet Office (Japan)</ref>

Classes

The Order was awarded in nine classes until 2003, when the Grand Cordon with Paulownia Flowers was made a separate order, and the lowest two classes were abolished. Since then, it has been awarded in six classes. Conventionally, a diploma is prepared to accompany the insignia of the order, and in some rare instances, the personal signature of the Emperor will have been added. As an illustration of the wording of the text, a translation of a representative 1929 diploma says:

<templatestyles src="Template:Blockquote/styles.css" />

Template:ErrorTemplate:Main other{{#if:|

|}}{{#if:|

— {{#if:|, in }}Template:Comma separated entries

}}{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown=Template:Main other|preview=Page using Template:Blockquote with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | author | by | char | character | cite | class | content | multiline | personquoted | publication | quote | quotesource | quotetext | sign | source | style | text | title | ts }}

Insignia

The star for the Grand Cordon and Second Class is a silver star of eight points, each point having three alternating silver rays; the central emblem is identical to the badge. It is worn on the left chest for the Grand Cordon and on the right chest for the 2nd Class.

The badge for the Grand Cordon to Sixth Classes is an eight-pointed badge bearing a central red enamelled sun disc, with gilt points (1st–4th Classes), with four gilt and four silver points (5th Class), or with silver points (6th Class); each point comprises three white enamelled rays. It is suspended from three enamelled paulownia leaves (not chrysanthemum leaves as the Decoration Bureau page claims) on a ribbon in white with red border stripes, worn as a sash from the right shoulder for the Grand Cordon, as a necklet for the 2nd and 3rd Classes and on the left chest for the 4th to 6th Classes (with a rosette for the 4th Class).

The badge for the Seventh and Eighth Classes consisted of a silver medal in the shape of three paulownia leaves, enamelled for the 7th Class and plain for the 8th Class. Both were suspended on a ribbon, again in white with red border stripes, and worn on the left chest. Both classes were abolished in 2003 and replaced by the Order of the Paulownia Flowers, a single-class order that now ranks above the Order of the Rising Sun.

Notable recipients

{{#invoke:Hatnote|hatnote}}{{#ifeq:||}}

1st Class, Grand Cordon

ribbon bar

Template:Div col

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

  • Tony Abbott (1957–), Former Australian Prime Minister, 2022<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}Template:Dead link</ref>

  • Bob Hawke (1929–2019), Former Australian Prime Minister, 2012<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

  • Soichiro Honda (1906–1991), 1991
  • John Howard (1939-), Former Australian Prime Minister, 2013<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

  • Ratan Tata, 2012<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref> Template:Div col end

2nd Class, Gold and Silver Star

ribbon bar

Template:Div col

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

  • Chang Yung-fa (1927–2016), 2012<ref name="CNA">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}Template:Dead link</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

  • Bill Frenzel, 2000<ref name="nndb1"/><ref name=2000Autumn>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

  • Mazie Hirono (1947– ), 2021<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

  • Arifin Tasrif (1953–), 2023<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

  • Tommy Koh, 2009<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

  • Ignasius Jonan (1963–), 2022<ref name="Ministry of Foreign Affairs"/><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

  • Bryon Wilfert (1952–), 2011<ref name=Canada2011Embassy>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

  • Maj. Gen. Aung San, May 1943<ref name="dsmuseum">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Template:Div col end

3rd Class, Gold Rays with Neck Ribbon

ribbon bar

Template:Div col

  • Craig Agena (1960–), 2014<ref name="Order list">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

  • John F. Aiso (1909–1987), 1985<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

  • Giorgio Amitrano (1957–), 2020 (ceremony held in 2022)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

  • Keiichi Ishizaka (1945–2016), 2015<ref name="RIAJ">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

  • Otto Hermann Kahn (1867–1934)<ref>Mortimer H. Schiff and Otto H. Kahn of Kuhn, Loeb & Co., New York, are among the American hankers who have been awarded decorations by the Emperor of Japan. Mr. Schiff was awarded the second class order of the Sacred Treasure and Mr. Kahn, Third Class Order of the Rising Sunhttps://www.jta.org/1927/10/09/archive/schiff-and-kahn-honored-by-japanese-government Template:Webarchive (retrieved 26 October 2017)</ref>
  • Kusuma Karunaratne (1940–)<ref>Perera, Suharshi. "Woman: An icon in the literary world," Template:Webarchive Daily News (Sri Lanka). 9 August 2007.</ref>
  • Harue Kitamura, 2004<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

  • Peter Kornicki (1950–), 2018<ref name="2018 Peter Kornicki">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

  • George Koshi c. 1960<ref name=MIS_Honors>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

  • John Powles, 2008<ref name=2008Autumn>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}Template:Cbignore</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

  • Isaac Shapiro (1931–), 2006<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

  • Royall Tyler, 2008<ref name=2008Spring>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

  • Abul Barkat (1954–), 2022<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref> Template:Div col end

4th Class, Gold Rays with Rosette

ribbon bar Template:Div col

  • Hank Aaron (1934–2021), 2016<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

  • Boris Akunin (1956–), 2009<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }} Template:Dead link</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

  • George Kerr (1937–), 2010<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

  • Shiro Floyd Mori, 2012<ref name="Japanese Embassy to US">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

  • Daniel Ost, 2015<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

  • Kenneth Oye, 2018<ref name=mofa>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

  • Kip Tokuda (1946–2013), 2012<ref>Template:Citation</ref>
  • Masanobu Tsuji (1902–1961), 1942<ref>Honor awarded 1942: Tsuji, Masanobu. (1997). Japan's Greatest Victory, Britain's Worst Defeat, p. 108.</ref>
  • George Tsutakawa (1910–1997), 1981<ref name=historylink5426>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Template:Div col end

5th Class, Gold and Silver Rays

ribbon bar

Template:Div col

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

  • Jan Kowalewski (1892–1965), 1923<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Tetsuo Takasaki, Hyōden oyatoi Amerikajin seinen kyōshi: Uiriamu Hoīrā = William Wheeler, 1851–1932 (Tōkyō : Kajima Shuppankai, 2004).</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Template:Div col end

6th Class, Silver Rays

ribbon bar

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

7th Class, Green Paulownia Leaves Medal

ribbon bar

In 2003, the 7th and 8th levels – named for leaves of the Paulownia tree, long used as a mon (emblem) for the highest levels of Japanese society – were moved to a new and distinct order, the single-class Order of the Paulownia Flowers.<ref name=NewAward/>

8th Class, white Paulownia Leaves Medal

ribbon bar

In 2003, the 7th and 8th levels – named for leaves of the Paulownia tree, long used as a mon (emblem) for the highest levels of Japanese society – were moved to a new and distinct order, the single-class Order of the Paulownia Flowers.<ref name=NewAward/>

Class unknown

ribbon bar

Template:Div col

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Template:Div col end

See also

References

Template:Reflist

Further reading

  • Peterson, James W., Barry C. Weaver and Michael A. Quigley (2001). Orders and Medals of Japan and Associated States. San Ramon, California: Orders and Medals Society of America. Template:ISBN.

Template:Sister project

Template:Honors and decorations of Japan

Retrieved from "https://wiki.sarg.dev/index.php?title=Order_of_the_Rising_Sun&oldid=689183"