Royal Hospital Kilmainham

Template:Short description Template:EngvarB Template:Use dmy dates Template:Infobox building The Royal Hospital Kilmainham (Template:Langx) in Kilmainham, Dublin, is a 17th-century former hospital and retirement home which is now mainly used to house the Irish Museum of Modern Art and as a concert and events venue.

It is notable as being the first large secular building in Ireland as well as being the first large classical building in Ireland. It remains one of the few 17th-century buildings in Dublin that are still extant.

History

Prior of St John and Kilmainham Castle

A priory, founded in 1174 by Strongbow, existed on the site until the Crown closed it down in the Dissolution of the Monasteries in the 1530s.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> It was the main centre of the Knights Hospitaller in Ireland and formed part of the Manor of Kilmainham.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Commissioning, design and construction

An early illustration of the hospital taken from Charles Brooking's map of Dublin (1728)

The hospital was built as a home for retired soldiers of the Irish Army by Sir William Robinson, Surveyor General for James Butler, 1st Duke of Ormond, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, between 1679 and 1687 on what was then a portion of the Phoenix Park.<ref>Template:Cite ODNB</ref>

Colonel John Jeffreys of Brecon, an old Welsh soldier who had served the Crown loyally during the English Civil War, was appointed the first Master, at a salary of £300 per annum. The hospital got off to a bad start financially: from a petition presented by Jeffreys to King James II in 1686, it seems that most of the original sources of funding had dried up.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

The building was inspired by Les Invalides in Paris which also has a formal facade and a large enclosed courtyard.<ref name=heritage>Template:Cite web</ref> Along with Les Invalides, it served as the model for the Royal Hospital, Chelsea, begun the next year under the guidance of Christopher Wren.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

The Richmond Tower at the end of the formal avenue leading to the Royal Hospital was designed by Francis Johnston.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> This gateway originally stood beside the river Liffey at Bloody Bridge (now Rory O'More Bridge), but had to be moved after the arrival of the railway in 1844 increased traffic congestion. He had placed his personal coat of arms above the arch, concealed by a piece of wood painted to match the stone, his idea being that his arms would be revealed to future generations after the wood became rotten. However, his little trick was uncovered when the gateway was taken down for removal. The coat of arms at present on the gateway is that of the Royal Hospital.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

The Royal Hospital Kilmainham graveyards, including Bully's Acre, are 400 metres to the west. A cross-shaft in the former cemetery may be the remains of a boundary cross associated with a ninth-century monastery located at this site.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

Hospital closure and repurposing

Following the creation of the Irish Free State the Royal Hospital was considered as a potential home for Oireachtas Éireann, the new Irish national parliament. Eventually, it was decided to keep parliament in its temporary home in Leinster House.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The Hospital remained the home of a dwindling number of soldiers until it closed in 1927.<ref name=heritage/> It was then variously used by the Garda Síochána and as a storage location for property belonging to the National Museum of Ireland. The large statue Queen Victoria which used to stand in the forecourt of Leinster House, before its removal in 1947, was stored in the main courtyard of the Hospital,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> as were various state carriages, including the state coach of the Lord Chancellor of Ireland.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The Royal Hospital in Kilmainham was finally restored by the Irish Government in 1984 and opened as the Irish Museum of Modern Art (IMMA).<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Every year on the National Day of Commemoration—the anniversary of the Truce that ended the Irish War of Independence, celebrated on the Sunday nearest 11 July–the President of Ireland lays a wreath in the courtyard in memory of all Irishmen and Irishwomen who have died in wars and on service with the United Nations. The ceremony includes members of the Government of Ireland, members of Dáil Éireann and of Seanad Éireann, the Council of State, the Defence Forces, the Judiciary and the Diplomatic Corps.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Concert and events venue

Since the beginning of the 21st century, the grounds have become a popular location for concerts and events. Festival such as Forbidden Fruit and acts such as Blur, Damien Rice, Tame Impala, Kodaline and Patti Smith have played there.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The Frames played their 30th-anniversary show on 28 May 2022 for an audience of about 10,000.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Gallery

• 
  Courtyard
• 
  Main frontage
• 
  The Clocktower on the north side of the Courtyard

See also

• Kilmainham Gaol
• Royal Hospital Chelsea (equivalent in London)
• Puyloubier (French Foreign Legion equivalent)

External links

• Royal Hospital Kilmainham website