Taumarunui

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Template:Short description Template:Use New Zealand English Template:Use dmy dates Template:Infobox settlement

Taumarunui is a town in the King Country of the central North Island of New Zealand. It is on an alluvial plain set within rugged terrain on the upper reaches of the Whanganui River, 65 km south of Te Kūiti and 55 km west of Tūrangi. It is under the jurisdiction of Ruapehu District and Manawatū-Whanganui region.

It has a population of Template:NZ population data 2018 as of Template:NZ population data 2018 and is the largest centre for a considerable distance in any direction. It is on State Highway 4 and the North Island Main Trunk railway.

Name

The name Taumarunui is reported to be the dying words of the Māori chief Te Peehi Turoa – taumaru meaning screen and nui big, literally translated as Big Screen,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> being built to shelter him from the sun, or more commonly known to mean – "The place of big shelter". There are also references to Taumarunui being known as a large sheltered location for growing kūmara.

In the 1980s publication Roll Back the Years there are some details on how Taumarunui got its name.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Extract: "According to Frank T Brown, who wrote in the Taumarunui Press in 1926, the name Taumarunui is closely connected with the arrival of and conquering of that portion of the King Country by the Whanganui River natives during the 18th century . . . The war party that succeeded in capturing the principal pa and taking prisoner the chief of the district was headed by 'Ki Maru'. His warriors, to show their appreciation of his prowess and the honour of the victory, acclaimed him 'Tau-maru-nui', which means 'Maru the Great', or 'Maru the Conqueror', that name was taken for the district and has been used ever since."

Locality

On State Highway 4 south of Taumarunui are the villages of Manunui, Piriaka, Kakahi, Ōwhango, Raurimu and then National Park. To the north are the school and truck stop of Māpiu.

History and culture

File:Taitua Taumarunui 1885.jpg
Taitua at Taumarunui in 1885.

Taumarunui was originally a Māori settlement at the confluence of the Ongarue River with the Whanganui, important canoe routes linking the interior of the island with the lower Whanganui River settlements. Some places, notably the valley of the Pungapunga Stream, which joins the upper Whanganui near Manunui, were celebrated for the size and quality of tōtara, and large canoes were built there.<ref>Template:Cite encyclopedia</ref>

Late in December 1843 Bishop Selwyn travelled from the district south of Taupō to a point on the Whanganui River about six miles downstream from Taumarunui and thence continued his journey to the coast by canoe. Towards the end of 1869 Te Kooti was at Taumarunui before his march through the western Taupō district to Tapapa. In the early 1880s the first surveys of the King Country commenced, and by the early 1890s the Crown had begun the purchase of large areas of land.

In 1874, Alexander Bell set up a trading post, and became the first European settler. The town has a road called Bell Road.

During the New Zealand Wars a resident named William Moffatt manufactured and supplied Māori with a coarse kind of gunpowder. He was afterwards expelled from the district. Despite warnings, he returned in 1880, ostensibly to prospect for gold, and was executed.

The Whanganui River long continued to be the principal route serving Taumarunui. Traffic was at first by Māori canoe, but by the late 1880s regular steamship communication was established. Taumarunui Landing (Image) was the last stop on Alexander Hatrick's steam boat service from Wanganui. The river vessels maintained the services between Wanganui and Taumarunui until the late 1920s, when the condition of the river deteriorated.

Later, Taumarunui gained importance with the completion of the North Island Main Trunk line in 1908–09 (celebrated in the 1957 ballad "Taumarunui on the Main Trunk Line" by Peter Cape, about the station refreshment room). The line south of Taumarunui caused considerable problems due to the terrain, and has several high viaducts and the famous Raurimu Spiral. The Stratford–Okahukura Line to Stratford connected just north of Taumarunui. In more recent times, the town's economy has been based on forestry and farming. It has gained in importance as a tourism centre, especially as an entry point for voyagers down the scenic Wanganui River and as the possessor of a high-quality golf course.

Timeline

1800s

1900–1914

File:View of Taumarunui (21561204796).jpg
A view of Taumarunui, circa 1910s
  • 1900 – town-to-be reportedly held only 13 European males.<ref>Craig 1990, 1900 p.143</ref> Another report said 40 or 50 members of Ngāti Hau and Mr Bell.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
  • 1901 – Railways line joining Te Kūiti to Taumarunui opened.
  • 1903 – Railway line passes through Taumarunui, and Taumarunui Railway Station opened on 1 December 1903 and Matapuna on 22 June 1903.
  • 1904 – First European child is born in township.
  • 1904 – £10,000 houseboat built then floated to Ōhura river junction. In 1927 this is transferred down river to Retaruke River junction where it was destroyed by fire in 1933.
  • 1906 – Native town council set up: Hakiaha Tawhiao, J.E. Ward (interpreter), J. Carrington. E.W. Simmons, A.J. Langmuir (chairman), J.E. Slattery.
  • 1906, 14 Sep – First issue of the Taumarunui Press.
  • 1907 – First hospital erected, 5 beds.
  • 1908–09 – North Island Main Trunk opened to through Auckland-Wellington trains from 9 November 1908, with the first NIMT express trains from 14 February 1909.
  • 1908–11 William Thomas Jennings elected Member of Parliament for Taumarunui electorate
  • 1910 – Borough of Taumarunui proclaimed.
  • 1910 – Kaitieke Co-op Dairy Co. formed.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
  • 1910 – George Henry Thompson defeated Rev John E. Ward (166 to 143 votes) to become the first borough council mayor.
  • 1912 – Population: Males: 641; Females: 487 – Note: 1912 census did not include a count of Māori.
  • 1912 – Township started getting water supply from Waitea Creek, just south of Piriaka. Project cost £13,000. Pipeline 8 miles long.
  • 1913 – William Henry Wackrow – Mayor<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
  • 1913, 22 Jul – First reported cases of Smallpox in district.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
  • 1911–14 Charles Wilson elected Member of Parliament
  • 1914 – Taumarunui gas supply begins
File:A landing on the Whanganui River at Taumarunui (21488619822).jpg
A landing on the Whanganui River at Taumarunui in motorised boats

1914–1939

  • 1914–19 – William Thomas Jennings re-elected Member of Parliament
  • 1915 – Taumarunui Hospital Board formed, 30 beds.
  • 1915 – Only a single car in town.<ref>Craig 1990, First car p.143</ref>
  • 1915–1917 – Mayor: G.S. Steadman.<ref>Craig 1990, 1915–1917 p.143</ref>
  • 1916 – Census: 3,021 (Taumarunui & Manunui)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
  • 1917 – Tuku Te Ihu Te Ngarupiki, Chief of Rangatahi, dies in Matapuna near Taumarunui aged 97.
  • 1917–1919 – Mayor: A.S. Laird.<ref>Craig 1990, 1917–1919 p.143</ref>
  • 1919–1923 – Mayor: G.S. Steadman.<ref>Craig 1990, 1919–1923 p.143</ref>
  • 1923–1925 – Mayor: C.C. Marsack.<ref>Craig 1990, 1923–1925 p.143</ref>
  • 1924 – The Piriaka Power Station was built to supply electricity to Taumarunui.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
  • 1925–1929 – Mayor: G.E. Manson.<ref>Craig 1990, 1925–1929 p.143</ref>
  • 1928 – Four thousand bales of wool shipped down river
  • 1929–1944 – Mayor: Cecil Boles.<ref>Craig 1990, 1929–1944 p.143</ref>
  • 1932 – Stratford–Okahukura Line completed.
  • 1939 – Hatricks's steamer ceased running, final section of the journey having been done by coach from Kirikau landing since 1927.
File:Junction of the Whanganui and Ongarue Rivers at Taumarunui (21651989012).jpg
Junction of the Whanganui and Ongarue River

1939–1999

Town Mayors immediately prior to 1988 include: Charles Binzegger, Les Byars and Terry Podmore.<ref>Craig 1990, pre 1988 mayors p.143</ref>

  • 1989, 1 Nov – Taumarunui District Council merged into Ruapehu District Council.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
  • 1991 – Census: 6,141, Full-time in labour force: 1,935
  • 1996 – Census: 5,835, Full-time in labour force: 1,438
  • 1997/98 – AFFCO Holdings freezing works closes.

2000s

Local government

In 1910, Taumarunui Borough was formed, with its own borough council and mayor.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In 1988, Taumarunui District was formed, only to be replaced the following year as it was merged into the now Ruapehu District.

Between 1910 and 1988, Taumarunui Borough had 15 mayors. The following is a complete list:<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Name Term of office
1 G. H. Thompson 1910–1912
2 W. H. Wackrow 1912–1914
3 E. W. Simmons 1914–1915
4 George Samuel Steadman 1915–1917
5 Alexander Smith Laird 1917–1919
(4) George Samuel Steadman 1919–1923
6 Charles Marsack 1923–1925
7 George Edward Manson 1925–1929
8 Cecil Augustus Boles 1929–1944
9 William Alexander Nisbet Campbell 1944–1947
10 Douglas Hamilton Hall 1947–1953
11 David Coutts Seath 1953–1956
12 Frank Douglas House 1956–1962
13 Les Byars 1962–1974
14 Charles Binzegger 1974–1977
(13) Les Byars 1977–1986
15 Terry Podmore 1986–1988

Marae

There are a number of marae in the Taumarunui area, affiliated with local iwi and hapū, including:

In October 2020, the Government committed $1,560,379 from the Provincial Growth Fund to upgrade Takaputiraha Marae, Whānau Maria Marae, Wharauroa Marae and 5 other nearby marae, creating 156 jobs.<ref name="maraepgf">Template:Cite web</ref>

File:NZL-taumarunui-uhr.jpg
Railway station clock

Demographics

Stats NZ describes Taumarunui as a small urban area, which covers Template:Convert.<ref name="Area">Template:Cite web</ref> It had an estimated population of Template:Decimals as of Template:NZ population data 2023 SA2 with a population density of Template:Decimals people per km2.

Template:Historical populations Taumarunui had a population of 4,821 in the 2023 New Zealand census, an increase of 111 people (2.4%) since the 2018 census, and an increase of 375 people (8.4%) since the 2013 census. There were 2,373 males, 2,430 females, and 15 people of other genders in 1,953 dwellings.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> 2.4% of people identified as LGBTIQ+. The median age was 40.6 years (compared with 38.1 years nationally). There were 1,014 people (21.0%) aged under 15 years, 822 (17.1%) aged 15 to 29, 1,917 (39.8%) aged 30 to 64, and 1,068 (22.2%) aged 65 or older.<ref name="Census 2023"/>

People could identify as more than one ethnicity. The results were 60.5% European (Pākehā); 54.6% Māori; 4.1% Pasifika; 3.4% Asian; 0.6% Middle Eastern, Latin American and African New Zealanders (MELAA); and 2.1% other, which includes people giving their ethnicity as "New Zealander". English was spoken by 96.3%, Māori by 15.7%, Samoan by 0.4%, and other languages by 4.6%. No language could be spoken by 2.2% (e.g. too young to talk). New Zealand Sign Language was known by 0.6%. The percentage of people born overseas was 10.6, compared with 28.8% nationally.<ref name="Census 2023"/>

Religious affiliations were 29.4% Christian, 0.7% Hindu, 0.3% Islam, 5.0% Māori religious beliefs, 0.6% Buddhist, 0.9% New Age, and 1.1% other religions. People who answered that they had no religion were 53.7%, and 9.1% of people did not answer the census question.<ref name="Census 2023"/>

Of those at least 15 years old, 345 (9.1%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, 2,160 (56.7%) had a post-high school certificate or diploma, and 1,296 (34.0%) people exclusively held high school qualifications. The median income was $28,100, compared with $41,500 nationally. 111 people (2.9%) earned over $100,000 compared to 12.1% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was 1,464 (38.5%) full-time, 429 (11.3%) part-time, and 201 (5.3%) unemployed.<ref name="Census 2023">Template:Cite web</ref>

Template:Table alignment

Individual statistical areas
Name Area
(km2)		 Population Density
(per km2)		 Dwellings Median age Median
income
Taumarunui North 3.60 1,656 460 636 40.7 years $28,800<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Taumarunui Central 3.54 1,542 278 693 44.8 years $28,100<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Taumarunui East 4.52 1,623 359 618 37.7 years $27,500<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
New Zealand 38.1 years $41,500

Climate

Under the Köppen, Taumarunui has an Oceanic climate:(Cfb). Due to location, low altitude and Geography surroundings, Taumarunui is more liable to warm to hot summers than other central North Island centres and in winter, Taumarunui is cold and frosty. Rainfall yearly is Template:Convert. Annual sunshine yearly is 1822 hrs. In June 2002, Taumarunui recorded just 27 hrs of sun, this is the lowest in the whole country, beating the old record at Invercargill with 35 hrs in June 1935.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The lowest temperature recorded in Taumarunui, −6.8 °C, was in July 2010.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Template:Weather box

Community institutions

Ngāpuwaiwaha marae is on Taumarunui Street; its main hapū are Ngāti Hāua and Ngāti Hauaroa of the iwi Te Āti Haunui-a-Pāpārangi.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Taumarunui has many societies and community organisations. It has a Cosmopolitan Club and RSA, a Lodge of the Freemasons as well as Taumarunui Lodge NZ No. 12 of the Royal Antediluvian Order of Buffaloes Grand Council. This Lodge of the Buffaloes was established sometime in the mid-late 1920s and thus predates the introduction of the Mighty NZR KA class steam locomotives that became the hallmark of NIMT Rail Transport of the forties, fifties and sixties.

Education

Taumarunui High School is a state secondary school for Year 9 to 13 students,<ref name="moe169">Template:Cite web</ref> with a roll of Template:NZ school roll data.<ref name="ero169">Template:Cite web</ref> It opened behind Taumarunui Primary School in 1918. In 1923 it moved to Tumoana and Turaki streets. It moved to its current site on Golf Road in 1956.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

The town has three state primary schools for Year 1 to 8 students: Taumarunui Primary School,<ref name="moe1986">Template:Cite web</ref> with a roll of Template:NZ school roll data,<ref name="ero1986">Template:Cite web</ref> Tarrangower School,<ref name="official1982">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="moe1982">Template:Cite web</ref> with a roll of Template:NZ school roll data,<ref name="ero1982">Template:Cite web</ref> and Turaki School,<ref name="official2040">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="moe2040">Template:Cite web</ref> with a roll of Template:NZ school roll data.<ref name="ero2040">Template:Cite web</ref> Taumarunui Primary opened in 1901 as Hauaroa Native School. In 1909 it became part of the mainstream education system, and changed to its current name.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Tarrangower School opened in 1970 as Golf Road School and changed to the current name in 1971.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Turaki Primary School was founded in 1956.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

St Patrick's Catholic School is a state-integrated Catholic primary school for Year 1 to 8 students,<ref name="moe1961">Template:Cite web</ref> with a roll of Template:NZ school roll data.<ref name="ero1961">Template:Cite web</ref> It opened in 1916.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

All these schools are co-educational. Rolls are as of Template:NZ school roll data

Notable people

Students of Taumarunui High School

Born in Taumarunui

File:Carmen Rupe.jpg
Carmen Rupe

Resident and New Years Honours recipients

File:PeiTeHurinuiJones1930.jpg
Pei Te Hurinui Jones
  • 1956 – OBE – Pateriki Joseph Hura – For services to the Māori people, especially as a member of the Board of Maori Affairs.
  • 1957 – MBE – Mrs Catherine Goodsir – For social welfare services
  • 1958 – MBE – Mrs Rumatiki Wright of Raetihi. For services to the Māori people, especially as Senior Lady Māori Welfare Officer
  • 1961 – OBE – Pei Te Hurinui Jones – For services to the Māori people.
  • 1967 – MBE – James Dempsey J.P. – chairman of the Taumarunui County Council.
  • 1970 – BEM – Eric Raymond Clark – For services to the community and interest in the education of the Māori people.
  • 1974 – BEM – Arthur Tukiri Anderson – For services to the Returned Services Association and the community
  • 1979 – KBE – Hepi Hoani Te Heuheu – For services to the Māori people and community.
  • 1995 – CBE – Alexander Phillips QSM – For services to the Māori people.
  • 1998 – MNZM – John Stacey Black J.P. – For services to the community.
  • 2000 – QSM – Jean Bassett – For Community Service
  • 2001 – QSM – Mrs Verna Lenice Warner J.P. – For Community Service
  • 2002 – MNZM – Mrs Nansi Whetu Dewes – For services to Māori and the community
  • 2002 – QSM – Barry David FISHER, of Taumarunui. Chief Fire Officer, Taumarunui Volunteer Fire Brigade, New Zealand Fire Service – For Services to the community
  • 2003 – QSM – Leonard Patrick Harwood – For Public Services
  • 2007 – QSM – Mr William Vernon McMinn – For services to music.
  • 2009 – MNZM – Ngarau Tarawa – For services to Māori and community education
  • 2010 – QSM – Mrs Lorraine Ivy Edwards J.P. – For services to the community.
  • 2012 – MNZM – Ian Trevor Corney – For services to agriculture
  • 2013 – ONZM – Susan May Morris – For services to local government.

Notes

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References

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