Uvular ejective stop

A uvular ejective is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is Template:Angbr IPA.

Features

Features of a uvular ejective stop:

Occurrence

A single plain uvular ejective is found in almost all Northeast Caucasian languages, all South Caucasian languages, and some Athabaskan languages, as well as Itelmen, Quechua and Aymara.

Most Salishan languages, Tlingit, as well as Adyghe and Kabardian (Northwest Caucasian languages), demonstrate a two-way contrast between labialised and plain uvular ejectives.

The Akhvakh language appears to have a contrast between lax and tense uvular ejectives: {{#invoke:IPA|main}} Template:Gloss (lax) vs. {{#invoke:IPA|main}} Template:Gloss (tense).

Abkhaz contrasts plain, palatalised and labialised uvular ejectives, written Template:Angbr, e.g., {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} {{#invoke:IPA|main}} Template:Gloss, {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} {{#invoke:IPA|main}} Template:Gloss, {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} {{#invoke:IPA|main}} Template:Gloss. As with Georgian, Abkhaz has no non-ejective uvular stops; the historically present uvular aspirates have merged with their corresponding fricatives, although the aspirates are preserved in Abaza.

A plain uvular ejective is one of the most common consonants in Ubykh, due to its presence in the past tense suffix {{#invoke:IPA|main}}. But in addition to palatalised, labialised and plain uvular ejectives, Ubykh also possesses a pharyngealised version and a concurrently labialised and pharyngealised version, making a total of five: {{#invoke:IPA|main}} Template:Gloss, {{#invoke:IPA|main}} Template:Gloss, {{#invoke:IPA|main}} Template:Gloss, {{#invoke:IPA|main}} Template:Gloss, {{#invoke:IPA|main}} Template:Gloss.

Examples

Language		Word	IPA	Meaning	Notes
Abaza<ref>https://www.researchgate.net/publication/344330520_Abaza_A_grammatical_sketch</ref>		lang}}/Template:Transliteration	main}}	'red'
Abkhaz		lang}}/Template:Transliteration	main}}
Adyghe	Hakuchi	lang}}/Template:Transliteration	Template:Audio-IPA	'hand'	main}} in other dialects.
Archi		lang}}/Template:Transliteration	main}}	'forelock'
AzeriTemplate:Cn	North dialects	lang}}	main}}	'ancient'
Batsbi		lang}}/Template:Transliteration	main}}	'rain'
Chechen		lang}}/{{#invoke:Lang|lang}}/{{#invoke:Lang|lang}}	main}}	'crow'
Dargwa	Mehweb<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>	lang}}	main}}	'window'	contrasts with Template:IPAslink, Template:IPAslink, and Template:IPAslink
Georgian<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>		lang}}/Template:Transliteration	main}}	'flower'	Unlike the velar ejective, it does not contrast with voiced or voiceless uvular stops; the Old Georgian voiceless uvular stop has merged with the voiceless velar fricative in modern Georgian. Some scholars view this Georgian phoneme as being rather an uvular ejective fricative {{#invoke:IPA|main}}.
Haida		lang}}	main}}	'basket'
Itelmen		lang}}	main}}	Template:Gloss
Klallam		lang}}	main}}	Template:Gloss	lang}} {{#invoke:IPA|main}} Template:Gloss.
Kutenai		lang}}	main}}	'St. Mary’s or deep dense woods'
Laz		lang}}/{{#invoke:Lang|lang}}	main}}	'loving'
Lezgian		lang}}	main}}	Template:Gloss, Template:Gloss	lang}} {{#invoke:IPA|main}} Template:Gloss
Lushootseed		lang}}	main}}	'canoe'
Mingrelian		lang}}/Template:Transliteration	main}}	'belt'
North Straits Salish	Saanich	lang}}	main}}	Template:Gloss	lang}} {{#invoke:IPA|main}} Template:Gloss.
Quechua		lang}}	main}}	'yellow'
Svan		lang}}/Template:Transliteration	main}}	'boy'
Tahltan		{{#invoke:IPA|main}}		Template:Gloss
Tlingit		lang}}	Template:Audio-IPA	‘pitcher’

See also

• List of phonetics topics

References

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External links

• Template:Phoible