Wah Mee massacre

Template:Short description Template:Use mdy dates Template:Western name orderTemplate:Infobox civilian attackTemplate:Infobox Chinese The Wah Mee massacre was a mass shooting that occurred during the night of February 18–19, 1983, in the Wah Mee gambling club at the Louisa Hotel in Seattle, Washington, United States. Fourteen people were bound, robbed and shot by three gunmen, 22-year-old Kwan Fai "Willie" Mak<ref group="note">Mak Kwan Fai: Template:Lang-zh</ref>, 20-year old Keung Kin "Benjamin" Ng<ref group="note">Ng Keung Kin: Template:Lang-zh</ref> and 25-year-old Wai Chiu "Tony" Ng<ref group="note">Ng Wai Chiu: Template:Lang-zh</ref> (no relation). Thirteen of the victims died, but 61-year-old Wai Yok Chin<ref group="note">Chin Yok Wai: Template:Lang-zh</ref>, a former U.S. Navy sailor and Pai Gow dealer at the Wah Mee, survived to testify against the three in the separate high-profile trials held between 1983 and 1985.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Mak and Benjamin Ng were both given life imprisonment, after Mak's initial death sentence was overturned in 1988 while Tony Ng received a 30-year sentence, serving 28 years before he was released and deported to his native Hong Kong in 2014. It remains the deadliest mass murder in the history of Washington State.<ref name=":0">Template:Cite web</ref>

Background

Louisa Hotel and Wah Mee Club

File:Seattle - Louisa Hotel Building 02 (upright).jpg

S King St frontage of Louisa Hotel (2009); Maynard Alley is on the right side of the photograph.

The Louisa Hotel was built in 1909.<ref name="HL-Louisa">Template:Cite web</ref> Paul Woo purchased the building in 1963 for Template:USD.<ref name="KUOW-181031">Template:Cite news</ref> Both before and after that purchase, it functioned as a single room occupancy hotel (SRO) with street-level spaces for shops and restaurants until 1970, when tightened building codes led to the closure of the SRO portion.<ref name="HL-Louisa" /><ref name="SW-brokenheart" /><ref name="KUOW-181031" />

Two nightclubs operated illegally in the basement space of the hotel by the 1920s. The one in the western half, entered from Maynard Alley South, was originally named Blue Heaven.<ref name="HL-Louisa" /> At its height, patrons of many ethnic backgrounds visited to partake in gambling, dancing and other forms of entertainment. By the 1950s, the club had been renamed to Wah Mee (Template:Lang-zh), known for high-stakes gaming.<ref name="SW-brokenheart" /><ref name="UPI-830220" /> The Wah Mee operated illegally, as contemporary local blue laws required clubs to close before midnight; it was raided by police in 1972.<ref name="WaPo-830220" /> By the 1980s, the Wah Mee had gained a much seedier reputation as a dive bar.<ref name="SW-brokenheart">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="WaPo-830222">Template:Cite news</ref>

Planning and motive

Regulars at the Wah Mee included many wealthy restaurant owners, several of whom were among the victims.<ref name="WaPo-830220" /> Many of the victims were members of the Bing Kung Tong out of San Francisco.<ref name="UPI-830807">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="UPI-830227" /> According to witnesses for the subsequent prosecution, Willie Mak had been planning the robbery for some time, discussing on multiple occasions his idea to rob a gambling club and kill the witnesses.<ref name="UPI-830922" /><ref name="UPI-831004">Template:Cite news</ref> He eventually enlisted the help of Benjamin Ng; both Ng and Mak were born in Guangdong Province, had previously attended Cleveland High School, were members of the Hop Sing Tong,<ref name="WaPo-830222" /><ref name="UPI-830221">Template:Cite news</ref> and worked at the same restaurant in Blaine in 1981.<ref name="UPI-830922">Template:Cite news</ref> Both were also suspects in prior crimes, including the killing of two Chinese women in Beacon Hill on July 16, 1982. Ng was also known to have shot and injured a teenager named Michael Chinn in 1981, after the victim had confronted Ng about him slashing the tires of his car.<ref name="UPI-830221" />

Tony Ng (no relation to Benjamin Ng), who had also attended Cleveland High School with them, was brought into the group as a "last-minute recruit".<ref name="UPI-841017" /> According to Tony's testimony at his 1985 trial, he owed Mak $1,000 after gambling with Mak the night before the massacre. Mak offered to forgive the debt if he would participate in a shakedown at the Wah Mee.<ref name="UPI-850409" /> The day before the robbery, Tony borrowed $1,000 to repay Mak; instead of accepting the money, Mak drew a gun, shot a bullet at Ng's feet, and threatened to kill Ng and his girlfriend, then destroy the Ng family's restaurant, if Ng went to the police.<ref name="SW-100302">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="UPI-850416" />

File:Seattle - Maynard Alley 01 (cropped).jpg

Facade of the Wah Mee Club (2010); the security office was housed behind the rows of glass blocks.

Security at the Wah Mee was based in part on a system of passing through two sets of locked doors, which had been used in similar Chinatown gambling dens for generations and had usually been quite effective. The security office at the front of the club had four rows of opaque glass blocks; one block facing the vestibule was transparent so the security guard on duty could identify patrons and staff. The outer set of doors could only be unlocked from the inside by the guard.<ref name="NYT-830220" /> Mak and his accomplices defeated the system only because they were known and trusted by the people at the club. During the initial investigation, police stated there were no signs of resistance from the victims;<ref name="UPI-830220" /> a spokesman said he "believe[d] they recognized [the killers]."<ref name="UPI-830219" /> Their presumed intent in killing all occupants was to leave no witnesses, since club patrons could have readily identified them — as the one survivor, dealer Wai Yok Chin, did.

Massacre

Sequence

File:WahMee2015.jpg

Louisa Hotel Building, Wah Mee club basement exposed on Maynard Alley during renovation (2015). This is a rare view and possibly the last image of the actual crime scene.

On the night of February 18, 1983, Chin arrived at approximately 11:50–11:55 PM for his regular shift as a pai gow dealer, which started at midnight.<ref name="UPI-830922" /> With Chin, there were five staff members and five patrons inside the Wah Mee. At around midnight, Willie Mak and Tony Ng were allowed entry into the club through a remote buzz-in. For the next thirty minutes, Mak and Tony Ng loitered around the club's upper-level at the bar, the latter ordering tea and chatting with Chin, who shared a few Chinese spare ribs with Tony.<ref name=":1" />

Shortly before 12:30 AM, Benjamin Ng entered the club, carrying a paper bag containing pre-cut nylon cords. At this point, all three of the robbers drew their guns, with Benjamin shouting "Hands up!" at those inside the main room, most of whom were gathered around two gaming tables in the lower-level at the club's back. At this time, Mak burst into the security room to the right of the bar, ordering the attending security guard to keep allowing people in on arrival, while Tony checked the back of the club for anyone in the restroom. Once Tony completed the check, the ten people were forced to lay down on their stomachs on the floor of the club's lower level.<ref name=":1" /><ref name="StateVBNg" />

Mak remained on the club's upper level with a drawn gun,<ref name="UPI-831004" /> supervising Benjamin and Tony as they methodically hogtied each victim's hands and feet with rope in the gaming area. Chin convinced Tony, who was tying his bonds, to loosen the rope, as there was "no need to tie so tight, I'm an old man".<ref name=":1" /><ref name="WaPo-830825" /> Benjamin and Tony then proceeded to rob the victims. They stole several wallets, a purse and the money inside a cash register. The valuables were collected in a bag, with wallets being thrown in, while others were emptied and discarded on the floor. During this process, four more patron arrived and were let inside; they too were tied-up, forced to the floor and robbed. In the end, the loot amounted to approximately $20,000.<ref name=":1" /><ref name="StateVBNg">Template:Cite court</ref>

After all money had been stolen from the victims, Mak instructed Tony to take the bag and wait near the main entrance; he fled across the alley to the Hop Sing Club to wait for Mak and Benjamin.<ref name="StateVBNg" /> Tony testified at trial that although he had a gun, he never used it and was forced to participate in the robbery under duress.<ref name="TST-131026" /> At this point, Mak and Benjamin Ng, standing on the steps connecting the club's two levels, opened fire on the victims. Because he had more freedom of movement, Chin was able to move himself under a table, partially shielding him from gunfire,<ref name="UPI-830922" /> before being hit in the neck and jaw by the initial volley, falling unconscious as a result. Either Mak and Benjamin also returned to the office and killed the cornered security guard. Both gunmen then paced around the victims, firing and reloading several times, not stopping until they had run out of ammo completely. Afterwards Mak and Benjamin exited through the main entrance, met up with Tony and together, the trio fled down Maynard Alley.<ref name="UPI-850409" /><ref name=":1" />

Shortly after the robbers escaped, a man arrived to enter the Wah Mee after his work shift ended, but he received no response after using the doorbell and did not see the doorman through the small window into the security office. He was joined by a second customer, who was also confused about the locked entrance, with both men repeatedly ringing the doorbell and banging on the door. The noise caused Chin to slowly regain consciousness. Chin was able to loosen his restraints, crawl up the steps to the ground level, and eventually stand up to stagger through the two entrance doors, collapsing in front of the two patrons. Seeing the bullet wounds on Chin, one man asked who had done this to him, to which Chin responded "[Benjamin] Ng and Mak. That's all I can tell. The door locked already. Call ambulance". One man helped carry Chin away from the club, being spotted by two police officers on South King Road, who called the situation in at 12:44 AM.<ref name="UPI-830219">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name=":1" />

Chin was rushed to Harborview Medical Center and questioned along the way in the ambulance, again confirming he knew two of the perpetrators.<ref name=":1" /> Meanwhile, police used a prybar from a fire department vehicle to force open the entrance doors. At around 1:30 AM,<ref name=":1" /> four officers entered the Wah Mee and found twelve dead; one more victim, Wah Mee manager John Loui, subsequently died of his injuries at the hospital,<ref name="UPI-830220" /><ref name="UPI-830219" /> and Chin was the sole survivor.<ref name="StateVBNg" /> The news about the shooting spread quickly and over sixty people had gathered outside the cordoned-off police operation at the time of entry.<ref name=":1" />

According to the police, thirty-two shots were fired in total; twenty-six of those were fired from the same .22 caliber gun.<ref name="NYT19830825"/> Each victim had been shot in the head at least once.<ref name=UPI-830219/>

Aftermath

Template:Quote box Following the shooting, the doors to the Wah Mee were padlocked shut,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> and the contents were not disturbed after the police left.<ref name="SW-brokenheart" /><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The club was never reopened, although the site was a popular stop for tour buses.<ref name="PI-20080218">Template:Cite news</ref>

A spokesman for the Hop Sing Tong denied the massacre was an act of war against the Bing Kung Tong; Mak and Benjamin Ng were both members of the Hop Sing, and most of the victims were members of the Bing Kung.<ref name="UPI-830227" />

File:Seattle - Louisa Hotel - Club Royale entrance mural 04.jpg

Part of a mural discovered in the Club Royale space while the building was being restored in the 2010s

Chin, the sole survivor of the massacre, made a full recovery despite an early medical setback<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> and possible assassination threats that forced prosecutors to depose him on videotape prior to the trials.<ref name=UPI-830322/> Because the then-unknown perpetrator was still at large, Chin and his girlfriend remained under police protection for several months, which were spent mostly playing cards with the officers and travelling around Washington state.<ref name=":1" /> He died in May 1993, aged 71.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Following the Wah Mee massacre, many Chinese clubs in Seattle ended gambling to avoid becoming a potential robbery target. In July 1987, a series of anonymous phone tip-offs, motivated by fear of attracting robbers to community centers, exposed an illegal gambling operation at a Chinese social club and by 1992, eight Seattle-area Chinese gambling clubs were raided, with 38 people arrested.<ref name=":1" />

The Louisa Hotel continued to host street-level businesses until a fire on Christmas Eve 2013 destroyed the top floor and interior of the building.<ref name=SW-brokenheart /><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name=UPI-131226>Template:Cite news</ref> The Woo family, who still owned the building, decided to demolish the fire-damaged portion (which included all of the former Wah Mee space) while retaining as much of the building as possible to preserve its contribution to the Chinatown Historic District.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name=HL-Louisa /> Demolition work was completed in April 2015.<ref name=Sea-Times-2019-06-17>Template:Cite news</ref> Reconstruction began February 12, 2018, with a blessing by Buddhist monks and a procession.<ref name=HL-Louisa /> The building reopened June 2019, with eighty-five rental apartments plus street-level retail and restaurant space.<ref name=Sea-Times-2019-06-17/>

Victims

All 13 victims, twelve men and one woman, were of Cantonese-speaking Chinese origin, most from Hong Kong or Taishan.Template:Efn Four of the dead, 48-year-old John S. Loui,<ref group="note">John Loui: Template:Lang-zh</ref>Template:Efn 54-year-old Hung Fat Gee,<ref group="note">Gee Hung Fat: Template:Lang-zh</ref> 52-year-old Henning G. Chinn,<ref group="note">Henning Gin Chinn: Template:Lang-zh</ref> and 54-year-old Gim Lun Wong,<ref group="note">Wong Gim Lun: Template:Lang-zh</ref> were employees at the Wah Mee (manager, cook/waiter and doormen respectively). The remaining nine were patrons, identified as 52-year-old restaurateur Moo Min Mar,<ref group="note">Mar Moo Min: Template:Lang-zh</ref> 47-year-old Jean Bick Chinn,<ref group="note">Chinn Bick Jean; also Jean C. Mar: Template:Lang-zh</ref> 60-year-old retired postal worker Jack Mar,<ref group="note">Jack Mar: Template:Lang-zh</ref> 68-year-old Kokusai Theater projectionist Dewey Mar, 59-year-old line cook and former U.S. Army sergeant Wing Wong,<ref group="note">Wong Wing: Template:Lang-zh</ref>Template:Efn 60-year-old fisherman and cook Lung Wing Chin,<ref group="note">Chin Lung Wing: Template:Lang-zh</ref> 51-year-old car repair shop owner and part-time employee Chin Lee Law,<ref group="note">Law Chin Lee: Template:Lang-zh</ref> 47-year-old chef George Mar,<ref group="note">George Mar: Template:Lang-zh</ref> and 55-year-old cook and legionnaire of Cathay Post 186 Chong L. Chin.<ref group="note">Chin Chong Len: Template:Lang-zh</ref> Besides Moo Min Mar and Jean Chinn, who were husband and wife, none of the victims were related.<ref name=":0" /><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name=":1">Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="TST-060907" /><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> With the exception of Henning Chinn, all victims were members of the Bing Kung Tong.<ref name="UPI-830227" />

Arrests

Chin was able to identify both Mak and Benjamin for the police; the identity of the third gunman was unknown to him.<ref name=StateVBNg/><ref name=UPI-830219/>

In the early morning of February 19, the Seattle police went to the home of Benjamin's brother, Stephen, who told them that Benjamin lived with his girlfriend in her parents' home. The police arrested Benjamin at the girlfriend's residence, where he had been sleeping.<ref name=UPI-830809/> After obtaining a search warrant, the police returned later that afternoon to find $7,500 in cash, two loaded .38 caliber revolvers, an M-1 rifle and ammunition in the bedroom.<ref name=StateVBNg/>

Mak called and turned himself in to police hours later.<ref name=UPI-830220>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name=WaPo-830220>Template:Cite news</ref> Shortly after his arrest, he confessed that he had "shot them all", a statement he later repudiated.<ref name=UPI-830826/> Police recovered more guns and cash from Mak's home on February 19, but none of the guns matched those used in the murders.<ref name=UPI-830807/> An unidentified third man, who accompanied Mak to the surrender, was questioned and released.<ref name=NYT-830220>Template:Cite news</ref> Two men, including Mak's older brother, were accused of destroying evidence of the crime; Mak had borrowed a car from one of the men the night of the massacre.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Police identified Tony Ng as the third suspect and issued a federal warrant for his arrest on March 31, 1983.<ref name=UPI-840614 /> After speaking with his mother the morning after the massacre, Tony fled to Canada upon learning that thirteen people had been killed.<ref name=UPI-850409>Template:Cite news</ref> The Bing Kung Tong offered a Template:USD reward for information leading to his arrest and conviction.<ref name=UPI-830807/> On June 15, 1984, Tony became the 387th person to be listed on the FBI's Ten Most Wanted Fugitives list.<ref name=UPI-840614>Template:Cite news</ref> After twenty months in hiding, he was arrested October 4, 1984, in Calgary, Alberta, by the Royal Canadian Mounted Police, acting on a tip made to Seattle police.<ref name=UPI-841005/><ref name=UPI-841005-Marks>Template:Cite news</ref> At the time, Tony was working as an electronics assembly technician under the alias Jim Wong, living with a roommate who was unaware of his fugitive status; police suspected he had been partially supported by his family.<ref name=UPI-841005/> His extradition to the U.S. was blocked by his Canadian lawyer until American authorities dropped the charges that could have resulted in the death penalty.<ref name=UPI-841017 /><ref name=UPI-841005>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Trials and sentencing

On February 24, 1983, Mak and Benjamin were charged with thirteen counts of aggravated first-degree murder and one count of first degree assault.<ref name=StateVBNg/> Benjamin was represented by Seattle defense lawyer John Henry Browne.<ref name=UPI-830809/> Mak was represented by the associated counsel for the accused, lawyers Jim Robinson<ref name=UPI-830921/> and Don Madsen.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The State was represented by William Downing and Robert Lasnik.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> On March 22, Judge Frank D. Howard set a preliminary trial date for both Benjamin and Mak for April 20,<ref name=UPI-830322>Template:Cite news</ref> but they were tried separately because the defense believed Mak would blame Ng.<ref name=UPI-830807/> Tony was named the third suspect, charged in absentia on March 30, 1983, with thirteen counts of aggravated first-degree murder.

Benjamin Ng

On August 25, 1983, Benjamin was convicted on the thirteen counts of aggravated first-degree murder after two to three hours of deliberation<ref name="NYT19830825"/><ref name=NYT-830826/><ref name=UPI-830824>Template:Cite news</ref> and was sentenced to life in prison without the possibility of parole on the next day.<ref name=UPI-830826>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name=NYT-830827>Template:Cite news</ref> During the sentencing phase, Benjamin's mother testified on his behalf, stating the family had emigrated from Hong Kong in 1975; while still in Hong Kong, Benjamin had been beaten on the head repeatedly with a piece of wood, resulting in brain damage, as corroborated by medical experts.<ref name=NYT-830826>Template:Cite news</ref>

Jury selection for the trial began on August 9.<ref name=UPI-830809>Template:Cite news</ref> Initially, Ng's defense claimed he did not shoot anyone,<ref name=UPI-830824/> as the weapons found in the bedroom of his girlfriend were a different caliber, but the prosecution asserted that .22 caliber shell casings recovered at the Wah Mee scene matched a gun that Ng once fired.<ref name=NYT-830817>Template:Cite news</ref> During the trial, Ng's attorney conceded that he had participated in the robbery and was guilty of first-degree murder, but not aggravated first-degree murder; the distinction, had he been convicted of first-degree murder without aggravation, would have made him ineligible for the death penalty and would have raised the possibility of parole.<ref name=WaPo-830825>Template:Cite news</ref> The defense had contended that although Benjamin Ng had participated in planning the robbery, he did not plan to murder the victims to silence potential witnesses.<ref name=UPI-830824/> The jury concluded that Ng had killed in furtherance of the robbery, justifying the aggravated murder enhancement.<ref name=NYT-830827 />

Ng was sentenced to a 15th life sentence in December 1983, after testimony accusing him of the unrelated murder of Franklin E. Leach near Lake Washington on October 22, 1981, was introduced during Mak's trial.<ref name=UPI-841005/><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Willie Mak

On October 6, 1983, Willie Mak was convicted of 13 counts of aggravated first degree murder and one count of first-degree assault<ref name=NYT-831006>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name=UPI-831005>Template:Cite news</ref> and sentenced to death by hanging on October 22.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> On April 24, 1986, the Washington State Supreme Court upheld the verdict and death sentence.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Jury selection for the trial began on September 12.<ref name=UPI-830912>Template:Cite news</ref> The defense were expected to blame an unnamed individual who wished to gain control over illegal gambling operations in Chinatown.<ref name=UPI-830912/> At his trial, Mak claimed that he had only gone to the Wah Mee to rough up a patron as retaliation for the beating of a senior Hop Sing Tong official. Mak, a member of the Hop Sing along with Benjamin Ng,<ref name=UPI-830227>Template:Cite news</ref> claimed he was directed to do so by Roy Chu, president of the Hop Sing, an allegation which Chu denied. According to Mak's testimony, Benjamin Ng and his companion were independently robbing the patrons and Mak left before any shooting occurred, but he heard "snapping sounds" as he left.<ref name=UPI-831004/><ref name=NYT-831006/> In addition, Mak's lawyer argued that Benjamin Ng was the shooter at the Wah Mee by blaming Ng for the unsolved murder of Franklin Leach, aged 71, in 1981. According to Jim Robinson, Leach was shot when he jogged by Mak and Ng as they were dumping a stolen safe into Lake Washington.<ref name=UPI-830921>Template:Cite news</ref> During the trial, prosecutors and police used hypnosis to change the testimony of a defense witness.<ref name=UPI-831004/>

On February 17, 1987, the Washington State Supreme Court issued a stay of execution a month before Willie Mak's scheduled execution, but on May 2, 1988, the State Supreme Court let Mak's murder conviction stand. However, on November 10, 1988, Willie Mak's execution was delayed indefinitely by a federal judge. On January 8, 1991 U.S. District Judge William Dwyer overturned Willie Mak's death sentence, saying Mak's attorneys failed to present evidence on their client's background that could have saved his life. On July 16, 1992, the 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals refused to reinstate Mak's death sentence.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

On November 9, 1994, a King County Superior Court judge denied Mak's bid for a new trial but allowed prosecutors to hold a new sentencing hearing. On February 15, 2002, a King County Superior Court judge scheduled a sentencing hearing for September 2002. On April 29, 2002, a King County Superior Court judge ruled that Mak will not face execution since the 1983 jury wasn't asked to determine how much of a role he had in the crime. Mak was resentenced to life without parole.<ref>Template:Cite webTemplate:Dead link</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Tony Ng

Tony Ng was acquitted on April 19, 1985, of murder, but convicted of 13 counts of first-degree robbery and a single count of assault with a deadly weapon.<ref name=NYT-850419>Template:Cite news</ref> Each robbery charge brought a minimum sentence of five years, some to be served consecutively.<ref name=LAT-100104>Template:Cite news</ref> On July 3, 1985, Tony Ng was sentenced to 13 life terms, one for each count of first-degree robbery, which would mean a term of 35 years in total.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

The jury selection for Tony Ng's trial was completed on April 4 after four days of proceedings.<ref name=UPI-850404>Template:Cite news</ref> Tony Ng was represented at his trial by Mark Mestel and John Muenster.<ref name=SW-100302 /><ref name=UPI-850409/> Defense attorneys questioned whether the 45-minute statement Ng gave to the RCMP upon his arrest in Calgary was admissible, as he had not been advised of his rights.<ref name=UPI-850404 /> Prior to the trial, prosecutors stated they would not seek the death penalty, as the earlier trials of Benjamin Ng and Mak showed that Tony Ng did not play a part in the planning of the crime.<ref name=UPI-841017>Template:Cite news</ref> At his trial, the defense argued that Ng "had no reason in the world to [participate in the robbery]" and drew a contrast between the "homicidal maniacs" Mak and Benjamin Ng and his client, characterized as quiet, shy, and passive.<ref name=UPI-850416>Template:Cite news</ref> The prosecution countered by asking why Mak and Benjamin Ng would "drag an unwilling witness into a crime that had as a central facet the elimination of all witnesses".<ref name=UPI-850416/>

In 1997, federal magistrate John Weinberg concluded that Ng did not receive a fair trial in 1985 and recommended either his release or a new trial. No action was required unless a U.S. District Court judge acted on his recommendation.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Template:Quote box On September 6, 2006, a parole board met to determine whether Tony Ng should receive parole on his 12th robbery term. If given parole, he would begin serving his 13th term, with the potential to be eligible for parole and freed in 2010. Both former King County Prosecuting Attorney Norm Maleng and former Seattle Police Chief Patrick Fitzsimons asked the parole board to deny parole on the 12th count. Relatives of the victims who came to the hearing expressed outrage that they were not made aware of previous parole hearings and that Tony Ng was so close to possible release because of it.<ref name=TST-060907>Template:Cite news</ref> Ng was denied parole in 2007, which meant he could not begin serving time on the final count.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

In December 2009, the parole of Tony Ng again came before the state parole board; relatives of the victims again spoke before the board, urging against his release.<ref name=LAT-100104/><ref name=NWAW-20091210-2/><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In February 2010, a parole board unanimously decided "now is the time to parole Mr. [Tony] Ng to his final count."<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> On October 24, 2013, Tony Ng was granted parole.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Although the relatives of the victims continued to oppose the parole, he was released on October 25, 2013, from state prison directly to the Northwest detention center in Tacoma, into the custody of the U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement for deportation proceedings.<ref name="TST-060907" /><ref name=TST-131026>Template:Cite news</ref> He was deported to Hong Kong on May 13, 2014.<ref>Template:Cite news/</ref>

See also

• Golden Dragon massacre
• Brown's Chicken massacre
• Lane Bryant shooting
• Sittensen murders
• List of massacres in the United States
• History of Chinese Americans in Seattle

External links

• "Wah Mee e-book by Todd Matthews" at wahmee.com
• Wah Mee Massacre at HistoryLink
• "Massacre @ South King Street" at Mutterings of a Mad Race
• Template:Cite news