Zombie (The Cranberries song)

"Zombie" is a protest song by Irish alternative rock band the Cranberries. It was written by the lead singer, Dolores O'Riordan, about the young victims of a bombing in Warrington, England, during the Troubles in Northern Ireland. The song was released on 19 September 1994 by Island Records as the lead single from the Cranberries' second studio album, No Need to Argue (1994). Critics have described "Zombie" as "a masterpiece of alternative rock", with grunge-style distorted guitar and shouted vocals uncharacteristic of the band's other work.

While Island Records feared releasing a politically charged song as a single, "Zombie" reached No. 1 on the charts of Australia, Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, and Iceland. The song was ineligible for the US Billboard Hot 100 chart, but it reached No. 1 on the US Billboard Alternative Airplay chart. Listeners of the Australian radio station Triple J voted it No. 1 on the 1994 Triple J Hottest 100 chart, and it won the Best Song Award at the 1995 MTV Europe Music Awards. The music video was directed by Samuel Bayer, and featured O'Riordan singing while painted gold, and footage of war-torn Belfast. In April 2020, it became the first song by an Irish group to surpass one billion views on YouTube.

The Cranberries noted that "Zombie" drew strong responses from audiences. After O'Riordan's death in 2018, it became an Irish stadium anthem, first for the teams from the Cranberries' hometown of Limerick, and later for the Ireland national rugby union team starting in the 2023 Rugby World Cup. The band recorded acoustic, stripped-down versions on MTV Unplugged and the 2017 album Something Else. "Zombie" has been covered by numerous artists; O'Riordan had planned to contribute vocals to a version by the American band Bad Wolves, which was released days after her death.

Background and composition

The Troubles were a conflict in Northern Ireland from the late 1960s to 1998.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref> The Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA), an Irish republican paramilitary organisation, waged an armed campaign to end British rule in Northern Ireland and unite the region with the Republic of Ireland. Republican and Loyalist paramilitaries killed more than 3,500 people, many from thousands of bomb attacks.<ref name=Taulbee>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref> One of the bombings happened on 20 March 1993, as two IRA improvised explosive devices hidden in litter bins were detonated in a shopping street in Warrington, England. Two children; Johnathan Ball, aged 3, and Tim Parry, aged 12, were killed in the attack. 56 people were injured.<ref name="UPI-1993">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Ball died at the scene of the bombing as a result of his fragmentation-inflicted injuries, and five days later, Parry lost his life in a hospital as a result of head injuries.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> O'Riordan decided to write a song that reflected upon the event and the children's deaths after visiting the town:<ref name="SM-Linderman2019"/>

There were a lot of bombs going off in London and I remember this one time a child was killed when a bomb was put in a rubbish bin – that's why there's that line in the song, 'A child is slowly taken'. [ ... ] We were on a tour bus and I was near the location where it happened, so it really struck me hard – I was quite young, but I remember being devastated about the innocent children being pulled into that kind of thing. So I suppose that's why I was saying, 'It's not me' – that even though I'm Irish it wasn't me, I didn't do it. Because being Irish, it was quite hard, especially in the UK when there was so much tension.{{#if:|

|}}{{#if:Dolores O'Riordan in 2017, on writing "Zombie".<ref name="SM-Linderman2019">Template:Cite news</ref>|

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O'Riordan stated the song came to her "subconsciously" midway through the Cranberries' English tour in 1993,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> writing the core chords on her acoustic guitar.<ref name="SM-Linderman2019"/> Once O'Riordan was back in her hometown of Limerick and returned to her apartment after a night out,<ref name="LS-Johnston2017">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="SM-Linderman2019"/> she played those chords and started building a song around them, quickly "coming up with the chorus, which was catchy and anthemic",<ref name="UDM-20200418">Template:Cite news</ref> and soon moving onto the verses.<ref name="SM-Linderman2019"/> O'Riordan took the song idea, originally titled "In Your Head", into the Cranberries' small rehearsal shed in Mungret.<ref name="TIME-Barter2019">Template:Cite news</ref> Given she was playing an acoustic guitar, the rest of the band initially followed along in, as guitarist Noel Hogan put it, "that kind of sweet indie pop thing" that the band featured in their other songs, before O'Riordan decided that it was not what she wanted,<ref name=forbes>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> picked up an electric guitar and stated that "it needs to be heavy because it's angry". Drummer Fergal Lawler recalled that usually in that small room, "you're trying to keep it low because you don't want to deafen anybody", but O'Riordan played it loud and "we couldn't really hear the lyrics because she was singing through her guitar", and that the singer was adamant that she wanted more distortion pedals on the guitars and asked for more strength than usual in drumming.<ref name="UDM-Lawler20200919">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="TIME-Barter2019"/>

Production and release

Soon after "Zombie" was completed, the band brought it onto their set list, with Lawler noting that the song was played live for a whole year before being recorded, and audiences responded with enthusiasm.<ref name="RS-Blistein2019">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="Conner-2020-11-13">Template:Cite news</ref> The song was recorded and mixed at The Manor Studio in Oxford and at Townhouse Studios in London in 1994 with producer Stephen Street.<ref name="studios">Template:Cite AV media notes</ref><ref name="CDbooklet">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> They spent a long time working on getting the guitar settings right to give a suitably expansive sound, with O'Riordan noting "the sound came organically, because we were using our live instruments, we were plugging in a lot, and we started to mess around with feedback and distortion".<ref name="UDM-20200418"/> Hogan contributed rhythm guitar to provide textures under O'Riordan's riffs.<ref name="Fuller2018-01-23"/> The song represented a radical departure from the sound based largely on jangly guitar and strings that the band showcased on debut album Everybody Else Is Doing It, So Why Can't We?.<ref name="LS-Johnston2017"/><ref name="RS-Bienstock2018">Template:Cite news</ref> Hogan stated that "Zombie" made the band realize "that you can actually be heavy and still have melody", marking a changing point in their composition style and live performances.<ref name=forbes/>

Knowing of the song's potential, the Cranberries wanted "Zombie" to be lead single in advance of the album No Need to Argue.<ref name="RS-Blistein2019"/> Former manager Allen Kovac stated that Island Records urged them not to release the "politically urgent" song as a single, and that O'Riordan had ripped up a $1-million cheque the label offered her to work on another song.<ref name="RS-Browne2018">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="FOM-2020-01-15"/> "Dolores was a very small, fragile person, but very opinionated," said Kovac. "Her belief was that she was an international artist and she wanted to break the rest of the world, and 'Zombie' was part of that evolution. She felt the need to expand beyond 'I love you, you love me' and write about what was happening in Ireland at the time", he said.<ref name="RS-Browne2018"/> Island Records and management also claimed that the song was "too controversial, you might not get played on the radio".<ref name="TIME-Barter2019"/><ref name="Conner-2020-11-13"/> Hogan added that the label were not expecting a lead single sounding different from the band's output "instead of coming out with another 'Linger' or 'Dreams'".<ref name=forbes/> Lawler recalled arguing to the record label that during the year the band had played "Zombie" in concert, "for a new song that the audience hadn't heard before, they really reacted to it",<ref name="Conner-2020-11-13"/> which was "a sign that it's a catchy song. People like it. It has to work.”<ref name=forbes/> Over time, "[w]e pushed and pushed and eventually they decided to release it", he said.<ref name="Conner-2020-11-13"/> By the time the single for "Zombie" was released on 19 September 1994,<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> as well as its parent album No Need to Argue the following month, with an accompanying music video for the song in heavy rotation on MTV, the Cranberries were catapulted to international stardom.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref name="NYT-20180116">Template:Cite news</ref> Shortly after the song and video came out, ideological beliefs came rushing to the forefront of local newspapers, criticizing O'Riordan for "writing about the Troubles";<ref name="TIME-Barter2019"/> of these comments, she "knew that would be the angle of the song, because it was controversial".<ref name="Telegraph-Power"/> Assessing the cultural impact of their song, Hogan responded: "Because of this song, people thought we were a political band. ... Far from it. Dolores always wrote from the heart".<ref name="TIME-Barter2019"/> O'Riordan would later state, "If I think something, I have to say it. And I really don't care what anybody thinks, you know?".<ref name="NPR-Limbong2018">Template:Cite news</ref> NPRTemplate:'s Andrew Limbong, speaking after O'Riordan's death in 2018, said "even though it was a political song, it wasn't necessarily politics she was interested in writing about".<ref name="NPR-Limbong2018"/><ref name="VOX1994"/> O'Riordan said, "I just cannot accept children being slaughtered at the hands of political violence", and hoped that "it might make people reflect a bit on our society and what we've become."<ref name="LAT-Bream94">Template:Cite news</ref>

Music and lyrics

"Zombie" has been characterised by commentators as alternative rock<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and grunge.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref> O'Riordan later said that the song was not a concerted effort to ride the grunge movement, but she stated that "this wasn't grunge, but the timing was good", adding that, "We were just a different type of a band... and we had a lot of our own ideas".<ref name="LS-Johnston2017"/><ref name="Telegraph-Power">Template:Cite news</ref> Hogan noted in a Rolling Stone interview that the Cranberries were beforehand accepted by "the same kind of [grunge] audience".<ref name="RS-Bienstock2018"/> O'Riordan was responsible for the heavier sound,<ref name="Conner-2020-11-13"/> a mere expression of her musical taste, as she would say later "we got it out of our system... all that anger out of our system".<ref name="Telegraph-Power"/> Discussing the musical approach for the song and the requirement of a sound significantly louder, Hogan explained in a 2012 interview with Amsterdam's FaceCulture that "the heavier sound was the right thing for the song. If it was soft, it wouldn't have had that impact. It would stand out in the live set because of that".<ref name="UDM-20200418"/> Particularly offended that terrorists claimed to have carried out these acts in the name of Ireland,<ref name="UDM-20200418"/> O'Riordan asserted: "The IRA are not me. I'm not the IRA. The Cranberries are not the IRA. My family are not. When it says in the song, 'It's not me, it's not my family,' that's what I'm saying. It's not Ireland, it's some idiots living in the past".<ref name="VOX1994">Template:Cite magazine</ref><ref name="BBC2016">Template:Cite news</ref> At the time, O'Riordan received criticism for "Zombie"Template:'s "hard-hitting lyrics"; she nevertheless pointed out that the song was written from a humanitarian point of view.<ref name="UDM-20200418"/> O’Riordan's mother Eileen has stated, "It wasn’t written as a political song but as an anti-violence, an anti-war song."<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

O'Riordan never revealed the origin of the "zombie" reference in the lyrics, a concept which admits a personal interpretation of its meaning.<ref name="Telegraph-Power"/> However, there was a divergence of opinion among writers on the subject. Writing for The Telegraph, Ed Power formulated his own hypothesis, saying that the word Zombie was "a commentary on how blindly cleaving to centuries old prejudices can reduce [one's] capacity for independent thought".<ref name="Telegraph-Power"/> Culture Trip writer Graham Fuller commented that the metaphor perhaps "reanimates the children whose deaths inspired O'Riordan to write it".<ref name="Fuller2018-01-23">Template:Cite news</ref> Sonia Saraiya, music and TV critic from Miami Herald and Chicago Tribune, had a different view, saying that the Zombie is not the dead children, but "the dead children that populate your mind; the dead bodies you've seen in the images that you can't forget".<ref name="VARIETY-Saraiya2018">Template:Cite news</ref>

Singing voice

O'Riordan's vocals were noted as reminiscent of the sean-nós singing style,<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref name="TNR-Livingstone"/><ref name="NYT-20180116"/> for the rapid and repeated changes in pitch, most notably yodeling<ref name="TNR-Livingstone">Template:Cite news</ref> when she does the sharp break<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> from chest register to head register in the second syllable of the word Zom-bie,<ref name="TNR-Livingstone"/> and doing an amplified method forming her vowels and consonants.<ref name="TNR-Livingstone"/> This creates a vocal trademark when combined with the Gaelic keening,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> the lilting vocables,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and sung in her thick Irish accent.<ref name="TIME-20180116">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="NYT-20180116"/> Author Bart Plantenga wrote in his book Yodel in Hi-Fi: From Kitsch Folk to Contemporary Electronica that "[h]er waify, quavering, breaking voice has a natural 'Celtic yodel' in it. It can also be heard on 'ZombieTemplate:'" [and other songs] used "for fantastic emotional effect".<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Mikael Wood of Los Angeles Times described O'Riordan "pushing her voice to a jagged extreme to embody the pain", with a "desperate, yodeling vocal that conjures some ancient emotion".<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Far Out Magazine commented that her vocal performance was "guttural, pleading, captivating and utterly unique, O'Riordan begs for humanity the only way she knew how".<ref name="FOM-2020-01-15">Template:Cite news</ref> Saraiya wrote that her voice "often seemed bigger than her petite frame", and also commented that the chorus "practically grunted out of her otherwise bell-like voice with a guttural vowel sound".<ref name="VARIETY-Saraiya2018"/>

Critical reception

Praise

Tedium's editor Ernie Smith said, "O'Riordan wrote it in a moment of anger and passion", and called the song "one of the defining songs of the alternative rock era".<ref name="TEDIUM">Template:Cite news</ref> In a different perspective, Rebecca Black of the Belfast Telegraph described "Zombie" as an "outraged response to the Warrington bombs",<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> while music reporter Mark Savage wrote that "her pain was real", describing it as "a visceral response to the death of two children".<ref name="BBC2016"/> In a contemporary review, Hot Press hailed the song and its arrangements, saying that it was stylistically different from the band's previous works: "Staccato rhythms and subtle jerks and pauses in the music and the singing make this more than just business-as-usual for the Cranberries. A slow, brooding Siouxsie-like buzzing guitar melody and dirge-like bass and drums counterpoint the elliptical and impassioned vocals of Dolores O'Riordan as she works her way through the internal psychic and external human tragedies of the Troubles [...] "Zombie" signals a growth in confidence".<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The Rough Guide to Rock identified the album No Need to Argue as "more of the same" as the Cranberries' debut album, except for the song "Zombie", which had an "angry grunge" sound and "aggressive" lyrics.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Music critic Evelyn McDonnell allowed that O'Riordan had a "certain naivety to her and also a real toughness".<ref name="NPR-Limbong2018"/> New York arts editor Graham Fuller partially echoed this view, saying "she was right, but that naivety serves a song that's an unfiltered reaction to a tragedy. It goes with Zombie's primal fury; slicker lyrics would have diluted the song's rawness".<ref name="Fuller2018-01-23"/>

Music critic Neil McCormick wrote that it was the Cranberries' "fiercest rock song... An accusatory lament, it grapples with the endless recriminations of the Irish Troubles, with a slow rolling bass line and thumping mid-tempo beat, finding tension between melodic delicacy and introspection in the verses with a keening, wailing chorus charged with distorted grungy guitars".<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Music & Media stated that it "combines moody soundscapes with some grunge-y guitar attacks that together make an arresting number".<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> Mark Morris from Select wrote in his review of the album, "The surprise is 'Zombie', a Sinéad-like tantrum of crunchy guitars and confused lyrics about guns and bombs."<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> Charles Aaron from Spin commented, "I like "Zombie" because its crunching, troubled guitar fuzz was the loudest thing on MTV during the last days of '94. Just ask Bono, my Irish Setter. He's still wailing."<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> Josh Jones of Open Culture, described the "Gen X heyday"Template:'s song, as "O'Riordan's stadium-size hit ... and its beautifully pained laments and pointedly unsubtle yelps and wails—a stunning expression of mourning that reverberates still some 25 years later".<ref name="OC-Jones2018">Template:Cite news</ref> Martin Aston of Music Week wrote: "Having broken the UK on the back of their US success, the Cranberries continue to use their pop acumen to fashion wonderful, wistful pop nuggets. 'Zombie' is a little heavier and less user-friendly than 'Linger' and 'Dreams', but no less sublime for it."<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> In 2018, Billboard and Stereogum ranked the song number three and number two, respectively, on their lists of the top ten Cranberries songs.<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

On 16 January 2018, following O'Riordan's death, Colin Parry, father of IRA victim Tim Parry, thanked O'Riordan for the "both majestic and also very real lyrics".<ref name="BBC2016"/> "Many people have become immune to the pain and suffering that so many people experienced during that armed campaign", he said. "To read the words written by an Irish band in such a compelling way was very, very powerful."<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Criticism

Paul Brannigan of Louder writes, "Not everyone, however, was impressed by [O'Riordan's] credentials for the role of commentator on one of the most complex conflicts of the modern era."<ref name="Louder"/> AllMusic said the song "trivialised" the events of the Troubles, and that the "heavy rock trudge" did not play to the band's strengths.<ref name="BogdanovWoodstra2002">Template:Cite book</ref> Upon the song's release, David Stubbs from Melody Maker said, "'Zombie' doesn't make a born-again fan of me, with its lethargic, samey, grungy riff lurching predictably towards anthem status. But I like Dolores O' Riordan's vocal, like Dana on heroin, all tattered, snarling and trembling at her wits' end."<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> At the same time, Northern Irish band Schtum told Melody Maker, "She's from Limerick, what the fuck would she know? You're talking about the last 25 years of a much bigger and wider problem that has gone on for hundreds of years".<ref name="Louder"/> Brannigan writes:

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Iestyn George from NME felt "the timing of this release, as much as the sentimental itself, seems more than a little askew".<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> Female pop-punk music duo Shampoo reviewed the song for Smash Hits, giving it two out of five.<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref>

Accolades

On 23 November 1995, the Cranberries won the Best Song Award for "Zombie" at the 1995 MTV Europe Music Awards.<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref><ref name="Junkee-TJH100">Template:Cite news</ref>

In November 2022, the song was voted as the greatest Irish hit of all time by RTÉ 2fm listeners in compiling the ultimate Irish playlist for a television special shown on RTÉ One.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

As a sporting anthem

Following the death of O'Riordan in 2018, the hurling team from her home county of Limerick adopted "Zombie" as their anthem during their successful run to the All-Ireland Championship. It soon became a rugby anthem as well; Limerick-based Munster initially played it in tribute to O'Riordan, and crowd reaction led to it becoming a post-match staple.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

The song was re-popularised in 2023 after it was played after Ireland games at the 2023 Rugby World Cup. It was picked up by fans of the Irish team, with videos of fans singing the song in chorus accumulating hundreds of thousands of views on social media.<ref name=":0">Template:Cite news</ref> This offended Irish nationalists, who identified it as an "anti-IRA" anthem, and said that the lyrics failed to consider their experience during the Troubles.<ref name="Louder" /><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Irish political leaders supported the use of the song as a rugby anthem. Taoiseach Leo Varadkar described it as "a song that we can all sing comfortably. It’s an anti-terrorism song. It’s not a nationalist or unionist song." SDLP leader Colum Eastwood wrote that "'Zombie' is an anti-war song written after the IRA killed 2 children in Warrington", adding that criticism of the IRA is not an endorsement of "British brutality", writing "Most of us opposed both".<ref name=":0" />

The Warrington Wolves rugby league team, who play in the Super League, began playing "Zombie" from the 2025 season onwards as a club anthem at every home match at the Halliwell Jones Stadium, with the club granted endorsement to use the song by the family of Tim Parry. Prior to a home season fixture during May, a cover was performed by Warrington band The Ambersons, with Wolves fans in attendance encouraged to sing from the stands.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

"Zombie" was also the walkout music for mixed martial artist Jung Chan-sung, known as 'The Korean Zombie', throughout his time in the Ultimate Fighting Championship.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Commercial performance

"Zombie" topped the charts in many countries.<ref name="UDM-Lawler20200919"/><ref name="Junkee-TJH100"/> On 29 October 1994, the song went to No. 1 on the US Billboard Alternative Airplay chart, spending twenty-three weeks on the chart.<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> In 1994, "Zombie" was "the most played song ever on alternative radio in the history of America", as mentioned in the Los Angeles Times and in Kenneth L. Campbell's book, Ireland's History – Prehistory to the Present.<ref name="LAT-Bream94"/><ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Junkee journalist Jules LeFevre recalled that Australian audiences were "particularly gripped by the song", with Triple J listeners voting for "Zombie" as No. 1 on the Triple J Hottest 100, 1994 chart,<ref name="Junkee-TJH100"/><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> establishing for the first time ever that a female vocalist won the Triple J Hottest 100.<ref name="Junkee-TJH100"/> On 18 December 1994, the song reached No. 1 on the ARIA Singles Chart, where it remained for seven consecutive weeks.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The single peaked at No. 1 and spent twenty eight weeks on the Official German Charts.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> On 25 December 1994, the single debuted at No. 27 on the Ö3 Austria Top 40, and climbed to No. 2, where it stayed for eight weeks.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> "Zombie" debuted on the French SNEP Top 100 at No. 4 on 25 February 1995. The following week, the single moved to No. 1; it spent nine consecutive weeks at the top and a total of forty-two weeks on the singles chart.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The song reached No. 14 on the UK Singles Chart.<ref name="BBC2016"/>

Island Records declined the prospect of releasing "Zombie" as a single to US stores, stating they didn't want to run counter to the band's original ethos. Music critic Jon Bream of Star Tribune elaborated succinctly the label's analysis: "For the band, it's a question of credibility". Bream further noted that Island Records "simply didn't want the industry to typecast the Cranberries as a Top 40 act". After releasing the song, later in the year, the Cranberries affirmed their alternative identity, saying that they "didn't want to be considered just a pop band". Drummer Fergal Lawler said, "[t]hen you can go to the other extreme of being so alternative that no one buys your records. Luckily, we're kind of in the middle. We're a mix of pop, rock and alternative, I suppose."<ref name="LAT-Bream94"/>

After Cranberries' lead singer O'Riordan died in January 2018, "Zombie" charted at number 13 on the UK Singles Downloads Chart.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

In 2023, the song saw a sales surge in the UK and Ireland during the 2023 Rugby World Cup; the song was played on speakers after every time the Irish team scored.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> "Zombie" peaked at number 11 on the UK Singles Downloads Chart during this time.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Music video

Background and production

"Zombie" was released with a music video in October 1994.<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> The video was directed by Samuel Bayer,<ref name="BBC2016"/><ref name="IC20191015">Template:Cite news</ref> through company HSI Productions.<ref>Template:Cite magazineTemplate:Dead link</ref> The music video was filmed in Belfast, Northern Ireland, in the heart of the Troubles with real footage,<ref name="NOVA Drieberg">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="DJ Markos">Template:Cite news</ref> and in Dublin.<ref name="IC20191015"/> Bayer insisted on going to Belfast for authenticity regarding illustrating "something this visceral and intense".<ref name=telegraph/> To record video footage of murals, children and British Army soldiers on patrol, he had a false pretext, with a cover story about making a documentary about the peace-keeping efforts in Ireland.<ref name="TIME-Barter2019"/> Bayer stated that a shot in the video where an SA80 rifle is pointed directly at the camera is a suspicious British soldier asking him to leave, and that the IRA were keeping a close look at the shoot, given "the British Army come in with fake film crews, getting people on camera.”<ref name=telegraph>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> O'Riordan remembered Bayer telling her "how tense it was and how he was blown away by the whole thing. He got footage of the kids jumping from one building to another, and he got a lot of footage of the army. He was a very good director".<ref name="LOUDER20191023">Template:Cite news</ref> O'Riordan also wanted to add images with "an abstract message", saying it would represent "the beauty that we see in the world or that we care to open our eyes to" while the black and white footage of Belfast "symbolize the pain that’s there and we close our eyes to". She suggested herself painted gold, and Bayer added children painted silver and a cross that "symbolized Christ suffering and dying, and all the pain that was caused to him".<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> This was filmed on a sound stage in Los Angeles.<ref name="BBC2016"/><ref name="IC20191015"/>

Synopsis

In the video, O'Riordan is covered in gold makeup and appears in front of a giant cross with a group of boys characterized as cherubs, covered in silver makeup holding bows and arrows.<ref name="NOVA Drieberg"/><ref name="DJ Markos"/> The video also includes the band playing in Belfast alongside clips of local children playing war games,<ref name="NOVA Drieberg"/><ref name="DJ Markos"/> destroyed buildings, murals with war-related paintings, and of British soldiers from the Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders on patrol in Northern Ireland.<ref name="Telegraph-Power"/><ref name="NOVA Drieberg"/><ref name="DJ Markos"/>

BBC and RTÉ ban

The music video for "Zombie" was banned by the BBC because of its "violent images".<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> It was also banned by the RTÉ, Ireland's national broadcaster. Instead, both the BBC and the RTÉ opted to broadcast an edited version focusing on footage of the band in a live performance, a version that the Cranberries essentially disowned. Despite their efforts to maintain the original video "out of view from the public", some of the initial footage prevailed, with scenes of children holding guns.<ref name="BBC2016"/><ref name="TMD-Kaitlyn">Template:Cite news</ref>

Reception and accolades

"Zombie" received heavy rotation on MTV Europe<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> and was A-listed on Germany's VIVA in December 1994.<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> The video gained a nomination for Best Alternative Video at the 1995 MTV Europe Music Awards.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Writer Josh Jones commented that the video "offers a classic collection of 90s stylistic quirks, from Derek Jarman–inspired setpieces to the use of black and white and earnest political messaging". He added, "[f]or us old folks, it's an almost pure hit of nostalgia, and for the young, a nearly perfect specimen of the decade's rock aesthetics".<ref name="OC-Jones2018"/> On 23 October 2019, "Zombie" was ranked No. 5 on a "definitive list of the world's most-viewed rock music videos", released by Vevo.<ref name="LOUDER20191023"/>

On 18 April 2020, the official music video had succeeded in reaching over 1 billion views on YouTube and became the first song by an Irish artist, and sixth song from the 20th century to reach the milestone.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="NOVA Drieberg"/> Bassist Mike Hogan said of the achievement that "I can still remember making such a great video and seeing the impact that it had – and still does – on people".<ref name="NOVA Drieberg"/> On 20 April 2020, the music video for "Zombie" remastered in 4K resolution was officially released for YouTube with previously unseen footage from the original video shoot.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Live performances

A version of "Zombie" was already played one year before the release of No Need to Argue, on the band's first European tour with Hothouse Flowers, after the release of Everybody Else Is Doing It, So Why Can't We?.<ref name="UDM-Lawler20200919"/> One such performance, recorded at the Astoria 2 in London in January 1994, seven months before "Zombie" was released as a single, would later be issued on the 2019 live DVD The Cranberries Live.<ref name="RS-Blistein2019"/>

On 13 August 1994, two months prior to the release of No Need to Argue, the Cranberries performed at the Woodstock '94 music festival in New York.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Towards the end of "Zombie", O'Riordan dedicated the song to others, like the victims of ethnic cleansing,<ref name="VARIETY-Saraiya2018"/> declaring that "this song is our cry against man's inhumanity to man, inhumanity to child", adding, "and war, babies dying, and Belfast, and Bosnia, and Rwanda".<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

The Cranberries kept "Zombie" in their concert setlists throughout their career.<ref name="BBC2016"/> On 11 November 1994, the Cranberries featured as the musical guest on US talk show Late Show with David Letterman, performing the lead single one month after No Need to Argue was released. Junkee music editor Jules LeFevre, wrote that the footage captured "O'Riordan's extraordinary voice" and considered the live performance as "straight-up sublime".<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

On 14 February 1995, the band recorded a nine-song set including "Zombie", for MTV Unplugged, accompanied by Electra Strings,<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> at the Brooklyn Academy of Music in New York City.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

On 25 February 1995, the Cranberries played the song on their appearance on the US show Saturday Night Live, in a slow tempo performance that British author Dave Thompson called "one of the most powerful performances that the show has ever seen".<ref name="Thompson2000">Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref> The episode came a week after record producer Denny Cordell, an early mentor to the Cranberries, had died. Writer Ed Power wrote that the performance "has the rawness of early grief", while Rolling Stone would later declare it "one of the greatest SNL turns".<ref name="Telegraph-Power"/>

The band released a stripped-down version of "Zombie", recorded for Something Else, an unplugged album that features acoustic renditions of songs from their catalog, accompanied by the Limerick-based Irish Chamber Orchestra.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The song appeared on the set list of their 2017 tour, featuring the Irish Chamber Orchestra's string quartet.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Censorship

In March 2003, on the eve of the outbreak of the Iraq War, the British Government and the Independent Television Commission issued a statement saying ITC's Programme Code would temporarily remove from broadcast songs and music videos featuring "sensitive material", including "Zombie". Numerous media groups complied with the decision to avoid "offending public feeling", along with MTV Europe. Since it violated the ITC guidelines, "Zombie" was placed on a blacklist of songs, targeting its official music video. The censorship was lifted once the war had ended.<ref name="ITC-ban2003">Template:Cite news</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

In August 2006, CBS censored a performance of "Zombie" by Rock Star: Supernova contestant Dilana, as a result of the lyrics and deleted all mentions of tanks, bombs and guns. Although CBS declined to comment, an employee claimed that it was "worried that the song might be seen as an anti-Iraq War statement".<ref name="CBS-ban2006">Template:Cite news</ref>

Charts

Weekly charts

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Chart (1994–1995)	Peak position
Denmark (IFPI)<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref>	1
El Salvador (El Siglo de Torreón)<ref name="Los discos más populares">Template:Cite journal</ref>	2
Europe (European Hot 100 Singles)<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref>	2
Iceland (Íslenski listinn Topp 40)<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>	1
Italy Airplay (Music & Media)<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref>	6
Peru (El Siglo de Torreón)<ref name="Los discos más populares"/>	6
UK Airplay (Music Week)<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref>	38
Zimbabwe (ZIMA)<ref>* Zimbabwe. Kimberley, C. Zimbabwe: singles chart book. Harare: C. Kimberley, 2000</ref>	1

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Chart (2018)	Peak position

Year-end charts

Chart (1994)	Position
Australia (ARIA)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	38
Belgium (Ultratop 50 Flanders)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	82
Iceland (Íslenski Listinn Topp 40)<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>	31
Netherlands (Dutch Top 40)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	90
Netherlands (Single Top 100)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	37
Sweden (Topplistan)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	40
UK Singles (OCC)<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref>	146
US Modern Rock Tracks (Billboard)<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref>	32

Chart (1995)	Position
Australia (ARIA)<ref name=aria95/>	7
Austria (Ö3 Austria Top 40)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	7
Belgium (Ultratop 50 Flanders)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	36
Belgium (Ultratop 50 Wallonia)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	2
Europe (Eurochart Hot 100)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	7
France (SNEP)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	2
Germany (Media Control)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	4
Netherlands (Dutch Top 40)<ref name="Dutch">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	41
Netherlands (Single Top 100)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	52
New Zealand (RIANZ)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	17
Sweden (Topplistan)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	26
Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	7

Chart (2018)	Position
US Hot Rock Songs (Billboard)<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref>	80

Decade-end charts

Chart (1990–1999)	Position
Belgium (Ultratop 50 Flanders)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	18

Bad Wolves cover

The American heavy metal band Bad Wolves recorded a cover of "Zombie" in 2017 while they were working on their debut album Disobey.<ref name="HM-Ristić2018">Template:Cite news</ref> The band's singer Tommy Vext slightly altered the lyrics, inserting a reference to drones and replacing "since 1916" with "in 2018" to show that times haven't changed.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Upon recording, the band were unsure regarding adding it to the album, with Vext declaring "The song is a masterpiece and a massive hit. Some art is sacred—you become afraid to do a rendition of it".<ref name="IE-Power2018-04-03">Template:Cite news</ref> On 21 December 2017,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Vext met Dan Waite—the Internal managing director of Bad Wolves' record label Eleven Seven Label Group-Europe and a long-time close friend of O'Riordan—backstage at London's Wembley Arena at a heavy metal concert.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="HM-Ristić2018"/> Then he asked Waite to send her the cover for consideration as well as her approval for its release. Vext commented that "I just got the courage to ask him to send her the song to see if she would approve of it. It's always a jarring thing to take on someone's piece of work: especially as The Cranberries were a massive band, and 'Zombie' was probably their biggest song".<ref name="BSM2018-03-30">Template:Cite news</ref> On Christmas Eve 2017, Waite sent a text message to Vext that said O'Riordan had offered to "sing on it".<ref name="HM-Ristić2018"/><ref name="IE-Power2018-04-03"/> Vext described the situation as "one of my childhood dreams come true",<ref name="BSM2018-03-30"/> while the others musicians "almost didn't believe it".<ref name="BSM2018-03-30"/>

On 14 January 2018, O'Riordan flew from her home in New York City to London. According to O'Riordan's agent, Lindsey Holmes, the primary purpose of her flight was for a studio mixing session on Monday and Tuesday with Martin "Youth" Glover for her side project's second album, and she was also due to meet with The Cranberries' record label BMG.<ref name="Nerssessian2018-01-19">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="BBC-2018-23-01">Template:Cite news</ref> On 15 January 2018, at 1:12 am GMT at her Mayfair hotel in London, O'Riordan left a voice message to Waite, where she expressed her thoughts, describing the cover as "awesome".<ref name="BB-voicemail">Template:Cite news</ref> She also invited Waite to come in the studio, slated for later that morning, and listen to the results of her vocals recording.<ref name="Loughrey2018-01-16">Template:Cite news</ref> O'Riordan was later found unresponsive in the hotel bathroom and confirmed dead at 09:16 am.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Following her death, Bad Wolves said,

We are shocked and saddened at the news of Dolores' passing. [ ... ] We have always had deep respect for her as an artist and a vocalist and she was never afraid to bare her soul in her music and lyrics. 'Zombie' is an incredibly personal song and although we are a hard rock band, we always felt the rawness and honesty she projected on stage and in her recordings was something to which all bands should aspire to, regardless of genre. When we heard she liked our version and wanted to sing on it, it was the greatest compliment a new band, or any band for that matter, could have received.<ref name="Loughrey2018-01-16"/>{{#if:|

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Bad Wolves released the cover on 18 January 2018.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="BBMTH2018-01-19">Template:Cite news</ref> The cover topped the US Billboard Mainstream Rock chart in May 2018 for three weeks and peaked at No. 54 on the Hot 100.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> In June 2018, at a concert in New York City, Bad Wolves donated $250,000 to O'Riordan's children.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The idea of making a donation was set up by Allen Kovac,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Eleven Seven Label Group founder,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> and former manager of The Cranberries.<ref name="RS-Browne2018"/><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

In an interview, bassist Kyle Konkiel shared his thoughts on the new cover's sound:

[Our version] is kind of a darker more melodic feel than the original, which had a lot of heavy guitars and that legendary bassline and more focus on the actual instruments than the lyrics themselves.{{#if:|

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Music video

The song's music video was directed by Wayne Isham.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> It begins with text discussing the cover's background and the passing of O'Riordan. The video then cuts to shots of the band performing the song in a black room, wearing black clothing and playing black instruments interspersed with close-up scenes of a woman (played by Ava Capra) being covered in gold paint to resemble O'Riordan in the original video. The woman also smears gold paint on a glass pane between herself and Vext, and after the guitar solo, she etches "1-15-18", the date of O'Riordan's death, into the paint. The video ends with a quote by Vext, "Her lyrics, confronting the collateral damage of political unrest, capture the same sentiment we wanted to express a quarter-century later. That is a testament to the kind of enduring artist Dolores was, and will remain forever."<ref name="BW-Gonzalez2018">Template:Cite news</ref>

Weekly charts

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Chart (2018)	Peak position
Canada (Canadian Hot 100)<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref>	44
Canada Rock (Billboard)<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref>	7
UK Singles Downloads (OCC)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	30
UK Singles Sales (OCC)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	30
US Billboard Hot 100<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref>	54
US Hot Rock & Alternative Songs (Billboard)<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref>	5

Year-end charts

Chart (2018)	Position
Canada (Canadian Hot 100)<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref>	90
US Hot Rock Songs (Billboard)<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref>	9
US Rock Airplay (Billboard)<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref>	16

Other notable covers

• Since roughly 2023, Denver punk band Leading Causes has incorporated the syncopated ending as a transition between songs. Fans rarely, if ever, picked up on the reference.
• In late 1994, a cover version by Spanish mákina group Ororo was released in conjunction with the original version. This version reached No. 1 in Spain and No. 16 in Austria.<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

• In 1995, a Eurodance cover version by Italian quartet A.D.A.M. featuring Amy reached No. 16 in the UK Singles Chart,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref> No. 65 in Australia,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }} N.B. The HP column displays the highest peak reached.</ref> No. 20 in France, No. 7 in Ireland,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> No. 9 in Italy, and No. 35 in Belgium.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

• In 2011, Christina Parie covered the song on The X Factor Australia. After her performance, the song re-entered the ARIA Top 100 Singles Chart at No. 69.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

• In 2017, Dutch hardstyle DJ Ran-D released a cover of the song on Armada Records which was certified gold in the Netherlands in 2019.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

• In February 2018, the pop rock band Dreamers released a cover of the song.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

• On 16 January 2019, to mark the first anniversary of O'Riordan's death, Chicago rapper Vic Mensa released a cover song through his punk-inspired band named 93Punx.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> On 27 April 2020, one week after The Cranberries music video reached one billion views on YouTube, 93Punx released their music video including their own live footage and interspersed with scenes from the original video.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
• On 18 October 2020, American singer Miley Cyrus performed a cover of the song at NIVA Save Our Stages at Whisky a Go Go, a fundraiser concert streamed live on YouTube.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Cyrus later on released her live cover to digital and streaming platforms and announced that the track would be one of the two (the latter being another viral take at Blondie's "Heart of Glass") covers that would be a part of her seventh full-studio album Plastic Hearts.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The Cranberries expressed approval at Cyrus's version,<ref name="NME-Gallagher2020">Template:Cite news</ref> posting on their official Twitter page that it was "one of the finest covers of the song that we've heard."<ref name="NME-Gallagher2020"/> Cyrus was flattered by the compliments,<ref name="Becker2020-11-28">Template:Cite news</ref> and stated the performance was inspired by her feeling like it was "really timely, even though it was a cover and maybe an older song, it just felt like it was super right now", adding that the lyrics "just really resonated" with her.<ref name="Becker2020-11-28"/> The cover entered the Billboard Digital Songs at No. 34 and Hot Rock & Alternative Songs at No. 21,<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref><ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> while also charting at No. 193 in France.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

• In 2023, DJs and producers Illenium, Excision and Wooli made a remix of "Zombie" featuring vocals by Valerie Broussard.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref> It reached No. 28 on the Billboard Dance/Electronic Songs chart.<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref>

• In 2024, Bambie Thug released a cover of "Zombie" as promotion for their Eurovision Song Contest 2024 performance, claiming the song was relevant to protest the Gaza war.<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref><ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref>
• In August 2025, a orchestral instrumental was used in the second season episode "If These Woes Could Talk" of the Netflix series, Wednesday,<ref>Template:Cite episode</ref> and was later released shortly after as part of the first half of the season's soundtrack.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref> Later that month a cover by Bella Poarch was released in association with the series.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Both version were later included on the series' official season two soundtrack.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

See also

• List of anti-war songs

Further reading

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