1993 Spanish general election
Template:Short description Template:Infobox election A general election was held in Spain on Sunday, 6 June 1993, to elect the members of the 5th Template:Lang under the Spanish Constitution of 1978. All 350 seats in the Congress of Deputies were up for election, as well as 208 of 256 seats in the Senate.
Felipe González's third term in office had seen Spain completing projects like the Madrid–Seville high-speed rail line and hosting events such as the Seville Expo '92 and the Barcelona '92 Summer Olympics, which contributed to the modernization of the country's international image. Several corruption scandals affecting the ruling Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) were uncovered during this period: Deputy Prime Minister Alfonso Guerra resigned in 1991 after his brother was accused of nepotism and tax evasion, and a judicial probe was started on the alleged illegal funding of PSOE campaigns (the "Filesa case"). The outset of the early 1990s recession and its impact on the Spanish economy—amid unemployment growth and rising inflation—forced the government to devalue the peseta three times in nine months. As a result of mounting crises and rising political tensions, González chose to call a snap election for June 1993.
Amid a large voter turnout of 76.4%, González's PSOE emerged as the largest party for the fourth consecutive time, though it lost the overall majority it had held since 1982 and fell to 159 deputies. In contrast, José María Aznar's People's Party (PP) gained from the collapse of the Democratic and Social Centre (CDS) and made significant inroads, increasing its support to 34.8% of the vote and 141 seats. However, the party fell short of opinion poll predictions that gave it the most seats, which was attributed to González being perceived as decisively defeating Aznar in the second of two head-to-head debates held during the campaign. United Left (IU) remained stagnant, with party leader Julio Anguita having suffered a stroke in the week previous to the election that prevented him from campaigning.
For the first time since 1979, the election brought in a hung parliament, but parliamentary arithmetics meant that the PSOE remained the only party able to form a government. González was forced to seek the support of Catalan and Basque nationalist groups—such as Convergence and Union (CiU) and the Basque Nationalist Party (PNV)—in order to renew his tenure, in exchange for regional concessions. His fourth government was a minority one, in spite of coalition offerings made to CiU and PNV being rejected.
Background
The 175-seat victory of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) in the 1989 general election, exactly half of Congress, allowed it to govern with a de facto absolute majority or with minor support from other parties, depending on Herri Batasuna's policy of abstentionism.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Due to election irregularities reported in a number of constituencies, only 332 deputies were sworn in by Felipe González's investiture as prime minister,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> prompting him to submit a motion of confidence on his government in April 1990,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> which he won.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Internationally, the country would participate in the multinational military coalition formed in response to the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait leading to the Gulf War (which saw an increase in conscientious objectors to compulsory military service in Spain),<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> and in the signing of the Maastricht Treaty, which established the European Union (EU) and provided a roadmap towards a common currency.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The establishment of a "European citizenship" required a constitutional reform—the first since the approval of the 1978 Spanish Constitution—to introduce active and passive suffrage in local elections for nationals of EU member states.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Internally, the 1990 liberalization of the television market saw the first private channels in Spain—Antena 3, Telecinco and Canal+—challenging RTVE's monopoly until then.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The approval in 1992 of a new Law on Citizen Security Protection—aimed at repealing the public order legislation in force since the Franco's dictatorship and combating drug-related crimes—came under criticism due to its empowerment to law enforcement to enter a home without the need for a warrant or judicial authorization.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> These provisions (which earned the bill the nickname "kick-in-the-door law") would be eventually overturned by the Constitutional Court in November 1993, prompting the resignation of the law's promoter, interior minister José Luis Corcuera.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
This period also saw Spain hosting events such as the Madrid Conference of 1991,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> the Seville Expo '92 and the Barcelona '92 Summer Olympics—which allowed the fledgeling democracy to present itself to the international community as a modern country, different from what it had been under the Francoist regime<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>—as well as the completion of major infrastructure projects such as the Madrid–Seville high-speed rail line and the establishment of the first AVE service.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> However, the Spanish economy was hit hard by the effects of the ongoing international recession: the large investments of these years left public administrations and companies highly indebted, while the 1990 oil price shock affected inflation (whose rise forced the government to devalue the peseta three times in nine months; the last of which, on 13 May 1993, would become known as "Black Thursday"), which was followed by an increase of the unemployment rate.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
The terrorist group ETA intensified its attacks in the early 1990s in the run up to the Barcelona Olympics in order to try to gain worldwide attention; this saw the Sabadell bombing in 1990, the Vic and Mutxamel bombings in 1991, and the 1992 Madrid bombing, as well as a number of attacks in the Netherlands. In March 1992, the group leaders at the time—José Luis Álvarez Santacristina "Txelis", José Javier Zabaleta Elosegi "Baldo", Francisco Múgica Garmendia "Pakito" y José Arregi Erostarbe "Fitti"—were detained in the French commune of Bidart thanks to cooperation between Spanish and French forces.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
During these years, a string of political scandals began to undermine the government's public image.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Alfonso Guerra resigned as deputy prime minister in January 1991,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> following a scandal involving his brother Juan—amid accusations of nepotism and tax evasion<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>—which had been ongoing for over a year.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In May, it was revealed that a number of PSOE-linked companies had been paid hundreds of millions for consultancy works that were never carried out (funds which were allegedly used to illegally fund the party's campaigns in 1989) in what would come to be known as the "Filesa case".<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Several months later, health minister Julián García Valverde was forced to abandon politics after revelations that RENFE—a state-owned company which he had presided between 1985 and 1991—had purchased lands at an inflated price that suggested a possible embezzlement.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
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Other scandals saw the "Ibercorp case" that broke out in February 1992, in which it was unveiled that governor of the Bank of Spain Mariano Rubio owned stock shares in the Ibercorp investment bank, that he had concealed these from the National Securities Market Commission (CNMV) and that he had amassed a fortune by carrying out financial operations based on privileged information; while Rubio denied all accusations, he was replaced from his post in July.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In November that year, a scheme to collect illegal kickbacks from the awarding of contracts for the purchase of newsprint used by the Official State Gazette (BOE) printing presses was uncovered.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The scandal would bring about the arrest one year later of former BOE director, Carmen Salanueva,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> who was also accused of fraud by buying paintings at a low price invoking the name of Queen Sofía and Carmen Romero, spouse of then prime minister Felipe González.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
The growing unpopularity of the government sewed divisions within the ruling PSOE: starting in its 1990 congress, supporters of deputy secretary-general Alfonso Guerra (colloquially referred to as guerristas) clashed with supporters of prime minister Felipe González (renovadores, Spanish for "renovators") over party control.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Opposition to the Socialist government coalesced around the newly-amalgamated People's Party (PP)—formed in 1989 by several right-of-centre parties: the People's Alliance (AP), the Christian Democracy (DC) and the Liberal Party (PL)—and its new party leader, José María Aznar,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> particularly following the 1991 local and regional elections, which saw the PSOE losing important local governments such as Valencia and Seville,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> as well as the collapse of the Democratic and Social Centre (CDS) and the farewell of its leader, Adolfo Suárez, from active politics.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
On 12 April 1993, Felipe González announced the dissolution of parliament and the calling of a snap election for 6 June, four months ahead of schedule, to solve "tensions in Spanish political life" that prevented his government from "addressing the economic crisis".<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The mounting revelations of scandals, internal party divisions, and increasingly hostile opposition from the PP were also said to have contributed to González's decision.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Overview
Under the 1978 Constitution, the Spanish Template:Lang were envisaged as an imperfect bicameral system.<ref>Template:Harvp.</ref><ref>Template:Cite web summarizing Template:Harvp.</ref> The Congress of Deputies had greater legislative power than the Senate, having the ability to vote confidence in or withdraw it from a prime minister and to override Senate vetoes by an absolute majority of votes.<ref>Template:Harvp.</ref> Nonetheless, the Senate possessed a limited number of functions—such as ratification of international treaties, authorization of collaboration agreements between autonomous communities, enforcement of direct rule, regulation of interterritorial compensation funds, and its role in constitutional amendment and in the appointment of members to the Constitutional Court and the General Council of the Judiciary—which were not subject to the Congress's override.<ref>Template:Harvp.</ref>
Electoral system
Voting for each chamber of the Template:Lang was on the basis of universal suffrage, which comprised all nationals over 18 years of age and in full enjoyment of their political rights, provided that they were not sentenced—by a final court ruling—to deprivation of the right to vote, nor being legally incapacitated.<ref>Template:Harvp.</ref>Template:Sfn
The Congress of Deputies was entitled to a minimum of 300 and a maximum of 400 seats, with the electoral law setting its size at 350. 348 members were elected in 50 multi-member constituencies—corresponding to the provinces of Spain, with each being allocated an initial minimum of two seats and the remaining 248 being distributed in proportion to their populations—using the D'Hondt method and a closed list proportional voting system, with an electoral threshold of three percent of valid votes (which included blank ballots) being applied in each constituency. The two remaining seats were allocated to Ceuta and Melilla as single-member districts and elected using plurality voting.<ref>Template:Harvp.</ref><ref>Template:Harvp.</ref> The use of the electoral method resulted in a higher effective threshold based on the district magnitude and the distribution of votes among candidacies.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
As a result of the aforementioned allocation, each Congress multi-member constituency was entitled the following seats:<ref name="ElectionDecree">Template:Cite act</ref>
| Seats | Constituencies |
|---|---|
| 34 | MadridTemplate:Font color |
| 32 | Barcelona |
| 16 | Valencia |
| 12 | Seville |
| 10 | Alicante, Málaga |
| 9 | Asturias, BiscayTemplate:Font color, Cádiz, La Coruña, Murcia |
| 8 | Pontevedra |
| 7 | BalearicsTemplate:Font color, Córdoba, Granada, Las Palmas, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Zaragoza |
| 6 | Badajoz, GuipúzcoaTemplate:Font color, Jaén, TarragonaTemplate:Font color |
| 5 | Almería, Cáceres, Cantabria, Castellón, Ciudad Real, Girona, Huelva, León, Lugo, Navarre, Toledo, Valladolid |
| 4 | Álava, Albacete, Burgos, La Rioja, Lleida, OrenseTemplate:Font color, Salamanca |
| 3 | Ávila, Cuenca, Guadalajara, Huesca, Palencia, Segovia, Soria, Teruel, Zamora |
208 seats in the Senate were elected using an open list partial block voting system: in constituencies electing four seats, electors could vote for up to three candidates; in those with two or three seats, for up to two candidates; and for one candidate in single-member districts. Each of the 47 peninsular provinces was allocated four seats, whereas for insular provinces, such as the Balearic and Canary Islands, districts were the islands themselves, with the larger (Mallorca, Gran Canaria and Tenerife) being allocated three seats each, and the smaller (Menorca, Ibiza–Formentera, Fuerteventura, La Gomera, El Hierro, Lanzarote and La Palma) one each. Ceuta and Melilla elected two seats each. Additionally, autonomous communities could appoint at least one senator each and were entitled to one additional senator per each million inhabitants.<ref>Template:Harvp.</ref><ref>Template:Harvp.</ref>Template:Sfn
The law did not provide for by-elections to fill vacated seats; instead, any vacancies that occurred after the proclamation of candidates and into the legislative term were to be covered by the successive candidates in the list and, when required, by the designated substitutes.<ref>Template:Harvp.</ref>
Eligibility
Spanish citizens of age and with the legal capacity to vote could run for election, provided that they were not sentenced to imprisonment by a final court ruling nor convicted, even if by a non-final ruling, to forfeiture of eligibility or to specific disqualification or suspension from public office under particular offences: rebellion and terrorism when involving crimes against life, physical integrity or freedom of the person. Other causes of ineligibility were imposed on the following officials:<ref name="CEArt70">Template:Harvp.</ref><ref name="LOREGArt6">Template:Harvp.</ref>
- Members of the Spanish royal family and their spouses;
- The holders of a number of positions: the president and members of the Constitutional Court, the General Council of the Judiciary, the Supreme Court, the Council of State, the Court of Auditors and the Economic and Social Council; the Ombudsman; the State's Attorney General; high-ranking members—undersecretaries, secretaries-general, directors-general and chiefs of staff—of Spanish government departments, the Office of the Prime Minister, the Social Security and other government agencies; government delegates in the autonomous communities, and civil governors and sub-governors; the director-general of RTVE; the director of the Electoral Register Office; the governor and deputy governor of the Bank of Spain; the chairs of the Official Credit Institute and other official credit institutions; and members of electoral commissions and of the Nuclear Safety Council;
- Heads of diplomatic missions in foreign states or international organizations (ambassadors and plenipotentiaries);
- Judges and public prosecutors in active service;
- Personnel of the Armed Forces (Army, Navy and Air Force) and law enforcement corps in active service.
Other causes of ineligibility for both chambers were imposed on a number of territorial-level officers in the aforementioned categories—during their tenure of office—in constituencies within the whole or part of their respective area of jurisdiction, as well as employees of foreign states and members of regional governments.<ref name="CEArt70"/><ref name="LOREGArt6"/> Incompatibility provisions extended to the president of the Competition Defence Court; members of RTVE's board and of the offices of the prime minister, the ministers and the secretaries of state; government delegates in port authorities, hydrographic confederations and toll highway concessionary companies; presidents and other high-ranking members of public entities, state monopolies, companies with majority public participation and public saving banks; as well as the impossibility of simultaneously holding the positions of deputy and senator or regional legislator.<ref>Template:Harvp.</ref>
The electoral law allowed for parties and federations registered in the interior ministry, alliances and groupings of electors to present lists of candidates. Parties and federations intending to form an alliance ahead of an election were required to inform the relevant electoral commission within ten days of the election call, whereas groupings of electors needed to secure the signature of at least one percent of the electorate in the constituencies for which they sought election, disallowing electors from signing for more than one list of candidates.<ref>Template:Harvp.</ref>
Election date
The term of each chamber of the Template:Lang—the Congress and the Senate—expired four years from the date of their previous election, unless they were dissolved earlier.<ref>Template:Harvp.</ref> The election decree was required to be issued no later than the twenty-fifth day prior to the date of expiry of parliament and published on the following day in the Official State Gazette (BOE), with election day taking place between the fifty-fourth and the sixtieth day from publication.<ref>Template:Harvp.</ref> The previous election was held on 29 October 1989, which meant that the chambers' terms would have expired on 29 October 1993. The election decree was required to be published in the BOE no later than 5 October 1993, with the election taking place on the sixtieth day from publication, setting the latest possible date for election day on Saturday, 4 December 1993.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
The prime minister had the prerogative to propose the monarch to dissolve both chambers at any given time—either jointly or separately—and call a snap election, provided that no motion of no confidence was in process, no state of emergency was in force and that dissolution did not occur before one year had elapsed since the previous one.<ref>Template:Harvp.</ref> Additionally, both chambers were to be dissolved and a new election called if an investiture process failed to elect a prime minister within a two-month period from the first ballot.<ref>Template:Harvp.</ref> Barring this exception, there was no constitutional requirement for simultaneous elections to the Congress and the Senate.<ref>Template:Cite web summarizing Template:Harvp.</ref> Still, as of Template:Currentyear, there has been no precedent of separate elections taking place under the 1978 Constitution.
The Template:Lang were officially dissolved on 13 April 1993 with the publication of the dissolution decree in the BOE, setting election day for 6 June and scheduling for both chambers to reconvene on 29 June.<ref name="ElectionDecree"/>
Outgoing parliament
The tables below show the composition of the parliamentary groups in both chambers at the time of dissolution.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="HESenate">Template:Cite web</ref>
Template:Col-begin Template:Col-break
| Congress of Deputies | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Groups | Parties | Deputies | |||
| Seats | Total | ||||
| width="1" rowspan="2" bgcolor="Template:Party color"| | Socialist Group of the Congress | width="1" style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | PSOE | 155 | 175 |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | PSC | 20 | |||
| rowspan="2" style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | People's Parliamentary Group in the Congress | style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | PP | 104 | 106 |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | UPN | 2 | |||
| rowspan="2" style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Catalan Parliamentary Group (Convergence and Union) |
style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | CDC | 13 | 18 |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | UDC | 5 | |||
| rowspan="2" style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | United Left–Initiative for Catalonia Parliamentary Group |
style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | IU | 14 | 17 |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | IC | 3 | |||
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | CDS Parliamentary Group | style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | CDS | 12 | 12 |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Basque Parliamentary Group (PNV) | style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | EAJ/PNV | 5 | 5 |
| Mixed Parliamentary Group | style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | HB | 4 | 17 | |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | PA | 2 | |||
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | UV | 2 | |||
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | EA | 2 | |||
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | EE | 1 | |||
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | EuE | 1 | |||
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | PAR | 1 | |||
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | AIC | 1 | |||
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | INDEP | 3Template:Efn | |||
| Senate | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Groups | Parties | Senators | |||
| Seats | Total | ||||
| width="1" rowspan="2" bgcolor="Template:Party color"| | Socialist Parliamentary Group | width="1" style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | PSOE | 120 | 128 |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | PSC | 8 | |||
| rowspan="3" style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | People's Parliamentary Group in the Senate | style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | PP | 88 | 91 |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | UPN | 2 | |||
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | UM | 1 | |||
| rowspan="2" style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Convergence and Union's Catalan Parliamentary Group in the Senate |
style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | CDC | 11 | 14 |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | UDC | 3 | |||
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Basque Nationalist Senators' Parliamentary Group | style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | EAJ/PNV | 6 | 6 |
| Mixed Parliamentary Group | style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | IU | 3 | 15 | |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | HB | 3 | |||
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | AIC | 3 | |||
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | CDS | 1 | |||
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | EA | 1 | |||
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | PAR | 1 | |||
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | AM | 1 | |||
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | AHI | 1 | |||
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | ENV | 1 | |||
Parties and candidates
Below is a list of the main parties and electoral alliances which contested the election:
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Campaign
Election debates
| Date | Organisers | Moderator(s) | Template:Smaller Template:Colors Template:Smaller Template:Colors Template:Smaller Template:Colors Template:Smaller Template:Colors Template:Smaller Template:Colors Template:Smaller | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PSOE | PP | Audience | Template:Abbr | |||
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color;"| | style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color;"| | |||||
| 24 May | Antena 3 | Manuel Campo Vidal | Template:Yes | Template:Yes | 61.8% Template:Smaller |
<ref name="Debates1">Template:Cite news</ref> <ref name="Debates2">Template:Cite news</ref> |
| 31 May | Tele 5 | Luis Mariñas | Template:Yes | Template:Yes | 75.3% Template:Smaller |
<ref name="Debates1"/> <ref name="Debates2"/> |
- Opinion polls
| Debate | Polling firm/Commissioner | PSOE | PP | Tie | None | Template:Qmark |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color;"| | style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color;"| | |||||
| 24 May | Demoscopia/El País<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> | 21.0 | Template:Party shading/PP| 50.0 | 29.0 | ||
| Opina/La Vanguardia<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> | 18.4 | Template:Party shading/PP| 42.5 | 8.1 | 13.9 | 17.2 | |
| Sigma Dos/El Mundo<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> | 28.0 | Template:Party shading/PP| 49.8 | 22.2 | |||
| 31 May | Demoscopia/El País<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> | Template:Party shading/PSOE| 48.0 | 18.0 | 34.0 | ||
| Opina/La Vanguardia<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> | Template:Party shading/PSOE| 36.2 | 15.3 | 17.4 | 13.6 | 17.5 | |
Opinion polls
Template:Main Template:Opinion polling for the 1993 Spanish general election (Graphical summary)
Results
Congress of Deputies
| Parties and alliances | Popular vote | Seats | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Votes | % | ±pp | Total | +/− | ||
| width="1" style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)1 | 9,150,083 | 38.78 | −1.33 | 159 | −18 |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | People's Party (PP) | 8,201,463 | 34.76 | +8.97 | 141 | +34 |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | United Left (IU) | 2,253,722 | 9.55 | +0.48 | 18 | +1 |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Convergence and Union (CiU) | 1,165,783 | 4.94 | −0.10 | 17 | −1 |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Democratic and Social Centre (CDS) | 414,740 | 1.76 | −6.13 | 0 | −14 |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV) | 291,448 | 1.24 | ±0.00 | 5 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Canarian Coalition (CC)2 | 207,077 | 0.88 | +0.45 | 4 | +3 |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Popular Unity (HB) | 206,876 | 0.88 | −0.18 | 2 | −2 |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Republican Left of Catalonia (ERC) | 189,632 | 0.80 | +0.39 | 1 | +1 |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | The Greens (Verdes)3 | 185,940 | 0.79 | −0.11 | 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Aragonese Party (PAR) | 144,544 | 0.61 | +0.26 | 1 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Basque Solidarity–Basque Left (EA–EuE) | 129,293 | 0.55 | −0.12 | 1 | −1 |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Galician Nationalist Bloc (BNG) | 126,965 | 0.54 | +0.31 | 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Valencian Union (UV) | 112,341 | 0.48 | −0.23 | 1 | −1 |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Andalusian Party (PA) | 96,513 | 0.41 | −0.63 | 0 | −2 |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | The Ecologists (LE) | 68,851 | 0.29 | −0.38 | 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Ruiz-Mateos Group–European Democratic Alliance (ARM–ADE) | 54,518 | 0.23 | −0.84 | 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Andalusian Progress Party (PAP) | 43,169 | 0.18 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Valencian People's Union (UPV) | 41,052 | 0.17 | −0.03 | 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Workers' Socialist Party (PST) | 30,068 | 0.13 | −0.27 | 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Union for the Progress of Cantabria (UPCA) | 27,005 | 0.11 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Nationalists of the Balearic Islands (PSM–ENE) | 20,118 | 0.09 | +0.05 | 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Regionalist Party of Cantabria (PRC) | 18,608 | 0.08 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Alavese Unity (UA) | 16,623 | 0.07 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Liberal Independent Group (GIL) | 16,452 | 0.07 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Party of Gran Canaria (PGC) | 15,246 | 0.06 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Leonese People's Union (UPL) | 13,097 | 0.06 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Natural Law Party (PLN) | 11,392 | 0.05 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Asturianist Party (PAS) | 11,088 | 0.05 | +0.02 | 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | United Extremadura (EU) | 10,653 | 0.05 | ±0.00 | 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain (PCPE) | 10,233 | 0.04 | −0.27 | 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Majorcan, Menorcan and Pityusic Union (UMMP) | 10,053 | 0.04 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Ecologist Party of Catalonia–VERDE (PEC–VERDE) | 9,249 | 0.04 | −0.06 | 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Humanist Party (PH) | 8,834 | 0.04 | −0.04 | 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Revolutionary Workers' Party (POR) | 8,667 | 0.04 | ±0.00 | 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS) | 8,000 | 0.03 | −0.09 | 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Coalition for a New Socialist Party (CNPS)4 | 7,991 | 0.03 | −0.03 | 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Riojan Party (PR) | 7,532 | 0.03 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Aragonese Union (CHA) | 6,344 | 0.03 | +0.01 | 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Galician Nationalist Convergence (CNG) | 4,663 | 0.02 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Commoners' Land–Castilian Nationalist Party (TC–PNC) | 4,647 | 0.02 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Galician Alternative (AG) | 3,286 | 0.01 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Spanish Democratic Republican Action (ARDE) | 3,063 | 0.01 | +0.01 | 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Regionalist Unity of Castile and León (URCL) | 2,715 | 0.01 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Party of El Bierzo (PB) | 2,681 | 0.01 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Extremaduran Regionalist Party (PREx) | 2,086 | 0.01 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| Health and Ecology in Solidarity (SEES) | 1,959 | 0.01 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Madrilenian Independent Regional Party (PRIM)5 | 1,917 | 0.01 | −0.01 | 0 | ±0 |
| Gray Panthers of Spain (ACI) | 1,644 | 0.01 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Valencian Nationalist Left (ENV) | 1,517 | 0.01 | ±0.00 | 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Independent Spanish Phalanx (FEI) | 1,415 | 0.01 | +0.01 | 0 | ±0 |
| People's Palentine Group (APP) | 1,410 | 0.01 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| Rainbow (Arcoiris) | 1,407 | 0.01 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| The Greens of the Alicantine Country (PVPA) | 1,375 | 0.01 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Cantonal Party (PCAN) | 1,300 | 0.01 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Regionalist Party of the Leonese Country (PREPAL) | 1,193 | 0.01 | ±0.00 | 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Spanish Catholic Movement (MCE) | 1,178 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| Tenerife Assembly (ATF) | 1,159 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Socialist Party of the People of Ceuta (PSPC) | 1,155 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Insular Group of Gran Canaria (AIGRANC) | 1,009 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Castilianist Union (UC) | 949 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Andecha Astur (AA) | 787 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Authentic Spanish Phalanx (FEA) | 747 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| Alicantine Democratic Union (UniDA) | 715 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| Progressive Front of Spain (FPE) | 641 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| Union of Autonomies (UDLA) | 594 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Socialist October (OS) | 540 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| Independent Council of Asturias (Conceyu) | 528 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| Integration Party for Almeria and its Peoples (PIAP) | 466 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| Spanish Balearic Alternative (ABE) | 416 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| Referendum Tolerant Independent Political Party (PITRCG) | 408 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| Party of The People (LG) | 385 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Nationalist Party of Cantabria (PNC) | 383 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| Federated Independents of Aragon (IF) | 303 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| Radical Balearic Party (PRB) | 282 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| Tagoror Party (Tagoror) | 278 | 0.00 | ±0.00 | 0 | ±0 | |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Regionalist Party of Guadalajara (PRGU) | 267 | 0.00 | ±0.00 | 0 | ±0 |
| Social Democratic Spanish Christian Monarchy (MCES) | 244 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| Progressive Sorian Union (US) | 98 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Nationalist Party of Castile and León (PANCAL) | 70 | 0.00 | −0.01 | 0 | ±0 |
| Initiative for Ceuta (INCE) | 42 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Communist Unification of Spain (UCE) | 0 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| Coalition for Free Canaries (CCL) | 0 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| Centrist Unity–Democratic Spanish Party (PED) | 0 | 0.00 | −0.02 | 0 | ±0 | |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Freixes Independent Group (Freixes) | 0 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| Blank ballots | 188,679 | 0.80 | +0.11 | |||
| Total | 23,591,864 | 350 | ±0 | |||
| Valid votes | 23,591,864 | 99.46 | +0.20 | |||
| Invalid votes | 126,952 | 0.54 | −0.20 | |||
| Votes cast / turnout | 23,718,816 | 76.44 | +6.70 | |||
| Abstentions | 7,311,695 | 23.56 | −6.70 | |||
| Registered voters | 31,030,511 | |||||
| Sources<ref name="InfoE">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="HE">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="Results1">Template:Cite journal</ref><ref name="Results2">Template:Cite journal</ref> | ||||||
| Template:Hidden | ||||||
Template:Bar box Template:Bar box
Senate
| Parties and alliances | Popular vote | Seats | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Votes | % | ±pp | Total | +/− | ||
| width="1" style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)1 | 25,441,605 | 39.02 | −1.66 | 96 | −11 |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | People's Party (PP) | 22,467,236 | 34.46 | +8.40 | 93 | +15 |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | United Left (IU) | 6,172,255 | 9.47 | +0.70 | 0 | −1 |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Convergence and Union (CiU) | 3,458,419 | 5.30 | +0.01 | 10 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Democratic and Social Centre (CDS) | 1,189,877 | 1.82 | −5.78 | 0 | −1 |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV) | 846,605 | 1.30 | −0.04 | 3 | −1 |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Popular Unity (HB) | 599,744 | 0.92 | −0.22 | 1 | −2 |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | The Greens (Verdes)2 | 570,793 | 0.88 | +0.24 | 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Aragonese Party (PAR) | 465,162 | 0.71 | +0.28 | 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Galician Nationalist Bloc (BNG) | 402,549 | 0.62 | +0.36 | 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Canarian Coalition (CC)3 | 396,799 | 0.61 | +0.37 | 5 | +1 |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Basque Solidarity–Basque Left (EA–EuE) | 381,356 | 0.58 | −0.14 | 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Valencian Union (UV) | 347,593 | 0.53 | −0.08 | 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Andalusian Party (PA) | 312,384 | 0.48 | −0.67 | 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Republican Left of Catalonia (ERC) | 239,546 | 0.37 | −0.06 | 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Ruiz-Mateos Group–European Democratic Alliance (ARM–ADE) | 180,139 | 0.28 | −0.43 | 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Union for the Progress of Cantabria (UPCA) | 144,784 | 0.22 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Valencian People's Union (UPV) | 138,183 | 0.21 | −0.03 | 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Andalusian Progress Party (PAP) | 133,514 | 0.20 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | The Ecologists (LE) | 70,589 | 0.11 | −0.43 | 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Liberal Independent Group (GIL) | 60,071 | 0.09 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Leonese People's Union (UPL) | 57,797 | 0.09 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Ecologist Party of Catalonia (PEC) | 52,053 | 0.08 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Alavese Unity (UA) | 49,120 | 0.08 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | United Extremadura (EU) | 48,113 | 0.07 | −0.01 | 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Asturianist Party (PAS) | 43,538 | 0.07 | +0.04 | 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Workers' Socialist Party (PST) | 43,044 | 0.07 | −0.15 | 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Nationalists of the Balearic Islands (PSM–ENE) | 40,478 | 0.06 | +0.03 | 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain (PCPE) | 35,618 | 0.05 | −0.22 | 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Party of Gran Canaria (PGC) | 30,285 | 0.05 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Regionalist Party of Cantabria (PRC) | 28,769 | 0.04 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Aragonese Union (CHA) | 28,186 | 0.04 | +0.02 | 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Riojan Party (PR) | 27,383 | 0.04 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Majorcan, Menorcan and Pityusic Union (UMMP) | 24,450 | 0.04 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS) | 22,845 | 0.04 | −0.09 | 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Commoners' Land–Castilian Nationalist Party (TC–PNC) | 17,953 | 0.03 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Galician Nationalist Convergence (CNG) | 16,405 | 0.03 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Coalition for a New Socialist Party (CNPS)4 | 13,733 | 0.02 | −0.02 | 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Regionalist Unity of Castile and León (URCL) | 13,041 | 0.02 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Regionalist Party of the Leonese Country (PREPAL) | 12,147 | 0.02 | −0.01 | 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Spanish Democratic Republican Action (ARDE) | 11,830 | 0.02 | +0.01 | 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Humanist Party (PH) | 11,176 | 0.02 | −0.05 | 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Galician Alternative (AG) | 10,849 | 0.02 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Independent Spanish Phalanx (FEI) | 10,768 | 0.02 | +0.02 | 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Madrilenian Independent Regional Party (PRIM)5 | 10,713 | 0.02 | −0.02 | 0 | ±0 |
| Gray Panthers of Spain (ACI) | 10,681 | 0.02 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Revolutionary Workers' Party (POR) | 10,258 | 0.02 | +0.01 | 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Extremaduran Regionalist Party (PREx) | 10,253 | 0.02 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| Green Social Unity (USV) | 9,802 | 0.02 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Spanish Vertex Ecological Development Revindication (VERDE) | 9,704 | 0.01 | −0.17 | 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Spanish Catholic Movement (MCE) | 9,507 | 0.01 | −0.02 | 0 | ±0 |
| Rainbow (Arcoiris) | 5,419 | 0.01 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Party of El Bierzo (PB) | 5,151 | 0.01 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| People's Palentine Group (APP) | 4,869 | 0.01 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Valencian Nationalist Left (ENV) | 4,617 | 0.01 | ±0.00 | 0 | ±0 |
| The Greens of the Alicantine Country (PVPA) | 4,439 | 0.01 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Natural Law Party (PLN) | 4,422 | 0.01 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Cantonal Party (PCAN) | 4,333 | 0.01 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| Federal Socialist Party (PSF) | 4,168 | 0.01 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| Health and Ecology in Solidarity (SEES) | 4,083 | 0.01 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| Centrist Unity–Democratic Spanish Party (PED) | 4,047 | 0.01 | ±0.00 | 0 | ±0 | |
| Alicantine Democratic Union (UniDA) | 3,611 | 0.01 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Authentic Spanish Phalanx (FEA) | 3,408 | 0.01 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Andecha Astur (AA) | 3,068 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Castilianist Union (UC) | 3,013 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| Tenerife Assembly (ATF) | 2,638 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| Spanish Action (AE) | 2,595 | 0.00 | ±0.00 | 0 | ±0 | |
| Independent Council of Asturias (Conceyu) | 2,326 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| Navarrese Regionalists (RN) | 2,213 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Insular Group of Gran Canaria (AIGRANC) | 2,098 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Socialist Party of the People of Ceuta (PSPC) | 1,961 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Socialist October (OS) | 1,751 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Regionalist Party of Guadalajara (PRGU) | 1,641 | 0.00 | ±0.00 | 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Nationalist Party of Cantabria (PNC) | 1,566 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Natural Culture (CN) | 1,557 | 0.00 | −0.01 | 0 | ±0 |
| Blue Party of Progressive Rightwing (PADP) | 1,086 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| Integration Party for Almeria and its Peoples (PIAP) | 1,026 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| Tagoror Party (Tagoror) | 1,016 | 0.00 | ±0.00 | 0 | ±0 | |
| Social Democratic Spanish Christian Monarchy (MCES) | 1,009 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| Federated Independents of Aragon (IF) | 842 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| Spanish Balearic Alternative (ABE) | 717 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| Referendum Tolerant Independent Political Party (PITRCG) | 583 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Proverist Party (PPr) | 467 | 0.00 | ±0.00 | 0 | ±0 |
| Radical Balearic Party (PRB) | 460 | 0.00 | ±0.00 | 0 | ±0 | |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Nationalist Party of Castile and León (PANCAL) | 352 | 0.00 | −0.02 | 0 | ±0 |
| Progressive Sorian Union (US) | 347 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| Initiative for Ceuta (INCE) | 70 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Communist Unification of Spain (UCE) | 0 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Freixes Independent Group (Freixes) | 0 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| Blank ballotsTemplate:Efn | 376,829 | 1.63 | −0.04 | |||
| Total | 65,203,500 | 208 | ±0 | |||
| Valid votes | 23,189,174 | 97.70 | +1.13 | |||
| Invalid votes | 546,821 | 2.30 | −1.13 | |||
| Votes cast / turnout | 23,735,995 | 76.49 | +6.62 | |||
| Abstentions | 7,294,516 | 23.51 | −6.62 | |||
| Registered voters | 31,030,511 | |||||
| Sources<ref name="HESenate"/><ref name="InfoE"/><ref name="HE"/><ref name="Results1"/><ref name="Results2"/><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> | ||||||
| Template:Hidden | ||||||
Template:Bar box Template:Bar box
Maps
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Election results by constituency (Congress).
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Vote winner strength by constituency (Congress).
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Vote winner strength by autonomous community (Congress).
Aftermath
Government formation
| Investiture Congress of Deputies Template:Small | ||
| Ballot → | 9 July 1993 | |
|---|---|---|
| Required majority → | 176 out of 350 Template:Tick | |
| Template:Collapsible list | Template:Composition bar | |
| Template:Collapsible list | Template:Composition bar | |
| Template:Collapsible list | Template:Composition bar | |
| Template:Collapsible list | Template:Composition bar | |
| Sources<ref name="HECongressVotes">Template:Cite web</ref> | ||