Akbayan
Template:Short description Template:Distinguish Template:Use mdy dates Template:Use Philippine English Template:Infobox political party
The Akbayan Citizens' Action Party, better known as Akbayan (Template:Literal translation), is a social democratic<ref name="six party-lists" /> and progressive political party in the Philippines.<ref name=":0">Template:Cite web</ref> The party is noted as a leading member of the progressive movement in the Philippines.<ref name="Centre-left">Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
The party was founded in 1998 by a variety of progressive and left-leaning political organizations. Currently, the party holds one seat in the Senate, and three seats in the House of Representatives as a multi-sectoral party-list.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Internationally, the party is a member of the Progressive Alliance and the regional Network of Social Democracy in Asia.
History
Origins and early years (1992–2009)
Akbayan traces its roots to the Kaakbay ng Sambayanan, an alliance founded on February 25, 1992, by various civil society organizations and left-leaning organizations from the country's social democratic, democratic socialist, and Marxist traditions, such as the Bukluran sa Ikauunlad ng Sosyalistang Isip at Gawa (Bisig), Pandayan para sa Sosyalistang Pilipinas (Pandayan), and Movement for Popular Democracy.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref name=":1">Template:Cite journal</ref> Unlike other left-leaning groups, the organizations, particularly Pandayan, were committed to active nonviolence.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> The alliance was formed in support of the presidential candidacy of Liberal Jovito Salonga and his running-mate Nene Pimentel from PDP–Laban under the Koalisyong Pambansa in the 1992 presidential and vice presidential elections, who eventually lost to Fidel V. Ramos of Lakas–NUCD and Joseph Estrada of NPC respectively.<ref name=":2">Template:Cite book</ref><ref name=":3">Template:Cite journal</ref>
Following the defeat of the Koalisyong Pambansa ticket, Akbayan was reestablished as a political party. Initially revived as Aksyon, the party eventually adopted the name Akbayan Citizens' Action Party.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /> The party was officially founded in January 1998 and participated in the 1998 House of Representatives elections through the new party-list system, securing one seat in the House of Representatives. Aside from the party-list elections, the party also focused on electing candidates in local elections.<ref name=":3" />
During the administration of former President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo, Akbayan was among the opposition groups repressed by the government. It was also during this time that Akbayan suffered its lowest number of votes, with just over 400,000 votes in 2007.
Coalition with the Liberal Party (2009–2016)
In 2009, Akbayan supported the candidacy of then Senator Benigno Aquino III of the Liberal Party for the 2010 presidential election. Fueled by the popular discontent with the outgoing administration of Arroyo, Aquino won the presidency by a large margin. This was also the first time that Akbayan was able to breach the one million vote mark, its best performance to that date. Despite the vote increase, however, it failed to secure three seats in the House owing to a Supreme Court decision which ensured only the leading party list (Ako Bicol at that time) in the election would secure three seats. Aquino later appointed several Akbayan members to his cabinet.<ref name=":5">Template:Cite web</ref>
However, the party's alliance with the Liberal-led Aquino administration led to tensions with the Makabayan bloc, a national democratic left-wing coalition in Congress. In 2012, members of Anakbayan, the bloc's youth organization, barged inside a press conference of Akbayan, branding it a "fake partylist" because some of its leaders, including Ronald Llamas, were appointed into top government positions.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Several groups affiliated with Makabayan also filed a disqualification notice against the party for their alliance with the administration. Akbayan, in return, sought the disqualification notice against party-lists affiliated with the Makabayan bloc for allegedly being a front of the Communist Party of the Philippines (CPP).<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> During the 2013 senatorial election, Bayan Muna representative Teodoro Casiño, the sole senatorial candidate of the Makabayan bloc, criticized the senatorial bid of Risa Hontiveros, one of its founders and former representatives, who ran as part of the administration Team PNoy slate, saying that she is "too cozy with the administration".<ref name=":4">Template:Cite web</ref> Hontiveros criticized Casiño for his silence on abuses committed by the CPP-affiliated New People's Army.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In 2014, as the Makabayan bloc filed an impeachment complaint against Aquino, Renato Reyes Jr., the secretary-general of BAYAN, criticized the party, branding them as a "yellow cheerleader", referencing the color of the ruling Liberals.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In 2015, Walden Bello, one of the party's representatives in the House, resigned over the party's continued support of the administration despite several policy disagreements and the Mamasapano clash.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> He was subsequently replaced by Angelina Katoh.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
In 2016, the party again allied itself with the Liberal Party to form the Koalisyon ng Daang Matuwid, supporting Mar Roxas and Leni Robredo's campaigns for the presidential and vice presidential elections. Although Roxas lost to then-Davao City Mayor Rodrigo Duterte while Robredo narrowly won the vice presidential race, the party entered the Senate with Hontiveros's victory following her third attempt to run, ranking ninth in the official results.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> However, they lost one seat in the party-list race after their percentage dropped to below the two percent threshold for an additional seat.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Opposition (2016–present)
After the 2016 election, it joined the Magnificent 7, a group of Liberal Party and Magdalo Party-List members, in the House.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In the Senate, Hontiveros initially joined the majority bloc, before she and other senators in opposition to Duterte's policies were relegated to the minority and lost their committee chairmanships.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The party publicly criticized several policies of the Duterte administration, including Duterte's handling of the Philippine Drug War and the TRAIN Law. In 2019, amid the defeat of several opposition groups, including the Otso Diretso coalition for the Senate election which included Akbayan, the party lost representation in the House.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
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In the 2022 election, Akbayan backed the candidacies of Leni Robredo and Kiko Pangilinan for president and vice president, respectively, as part of the Team Robredo–Pangilinan (TRoPa) alliance. Although Robredo and Pangilinan were defeated, Hontiveros was re-elected. Akbayan also initially fell one spot short of regaining a seat in the House but later took office after the disqualification of the An Waray party-list.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In the 2025 elections, Akbayan nominated lawyer Chel Diokno, who ran for senator in 2022 under the TRoPa ticket, as its first nominee for the party-list election. The party also formed the KiBam coalition alongside the Liberal Party and the Katipunan ng Nagkakaisang Pilipino. The coalition was successful, and the party achieved its highest number of votes and the top vote share in the country, garnering about 2.7 million votes and securing three seats in the House.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Ideology and platform
A centre-left party, Akbayan advocates for participatory democracy and a form of governance it characterizes as participatory socialism. The party includes both democratic socialists<ref name="HistoricalDictionaryp26" /> and social democrats<ref name=":0" /> as members. While Akbayan's political-economic platform rests on the democratic-socialist foundation which PDP–Laban ostensibly shares,<ref name=bello2021>Template:Cite web</ref> the former differs greatly from the latter with regard to civil rights and law enforcement.
The party has affiliate groups that represent government employees, women workers, migrants, as well as members of the LGBT community. The party's official website states that Akbayan is an activist organisation "and proud of it", and that it "vehemently condemn(s) torture, assassination, and other violent acts that undermine human rights and freedoms regardless of whoever commits them".<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
Akbayan has been critical of abuses committed by some members of the Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP) against fellow activists.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> It has also been critical of the Communist Party of the Philippines, particularly its actions in the countryside against peasant groups and communities and what these groups and communities see as the Maoist group's extortion activities. Due to its stance against right-wing extremism (from some elements of the AFP) and the Maoist far-left (CPP–NPA–NDF), Akbayan has been a target of both political groups.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Following the killings of Keith and Nolven Absalon, Akbayan criticized the Makabayan bloc's response as being selective in its condemnation of the New People's Army's abuses, with the party called on the Makabayan bloc to denounce all the atrocities and abuses committed by the New People's Army.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Foreign policy
Akbayan supports an independent foreign policy that prioritizes the Philippines' sovereignty.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The party has been noted to oppose the increased incursions of the People's Republic of China (PRC) naval and coast guard vessels into Philippine territorial waters and within the country's 200-nautical mile Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ).<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> It also opposed the Enhanced Defense Cooperation Agreement, despite being in coalition with the Liberal Party during the Aquino administration which signed the agreement.<ref name=":5" />
Legislative record
- Republic Act 9189 – The Overseas Absentee Voting Act of 2003<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Republic Act 9481 – Right to Labor Self-Organization Law<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Republic Act 9502 – Cheaper and Quality Medicines Law<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Republic Act 9700 – Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program Extension with Reforms (CARPER) Law<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Republic Act 10354 – Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Health Law<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Republic Act 10351 – Restructuring the Excise Tax on Alcohol and Tobacco or The Sin Tax Law<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Republic Act 10368 – Human Rights Victims Reparation and Recognition Act of 2013<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Republic Act 10667 – Philippine Competition Act<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Republic Act 10028 – Expanded Breastfeeding Promotion Law<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Republic Act 10742 – Sangguniang Kabataan Reform Law
- Republic Act 10643 – Graphic Health Warning Law<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Republic Act 10932 – Anti-Hospital Deposit Act<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Republic Act 11036 – Mental Health Act<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Republic Act 11166 – HIV and AIDS Policy Act of 2018<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Electoral performance
Presidential elections
| Year | Candidate | Votes | % | Result | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2010 | None; endorsed Benigno Aquino III (Liberal) | Template:N/a | Benigno Aquino III won | ||
| 2016 | None; endorsed Mar Roxas (Liberal) | Template:N/a | Rodrigo Duterte (PDP–Laban) won | ||
| 2022 | None; endorsed Leni Robredo (Independent) | Template:N/a | Ferdinand Marcos Jr. (PFP) won | ||
Vice presidential elections
| Year | Candidate | Votes | % | Result | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2010 | None; endorsed Mar Roxas (Liberal) | Template:N/a | Jejomar Binay (PDP–Laban) won | ||
| 2016 | None; endorsed Leni Robredo (Liberal) | Template:N/a | Leni Robredo (Liberal) won | ||
| 2022 | None; endorsed Francis Pangilinan (Liberal) | Template:N/a | Sara Duterte (Lakas–CMD) won | ||
Legislative elections
Senate
In 2010, one of Akbayan's representatives Risa Hontiveros ran for Senate as a member of Liberal Party. Akbayan fully supported her candidacy. Hontiveros lost and placed 13th, one rank near the 12 winning candidates.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In 2013, Hontiveros again ran for a Senate seat, formally under Akbayan. She lost again, placing 17th.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="lp-first-four">Template:Cite news</ref> In the 2016 Senate elections, Hontiveros ran for the third time, and finally won, placing 9th. Hontiveros became the first person in Philippine history from the social democratic and progressive center-left to win a Senate seat.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In the 2022 Senate elections, Senator Hontiveros ran for reelection, winning amid the anti-progressive rhetoric of the administration, and placing 11th.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
House of Representatives elections in districts
In 2013, Kaka Bag-ao ran for the Dinagat Islands seat under the Akbayan label and won. In 2016, she ran for reelection in the Dinagat Islands seat as a Liberal, and won. She was backed by Akbayan as well. In 2025, Bag-ao again ran for the Dinagat Islands seat as a Liberal and won. She was backed by Akbayan and continued to be part of the party.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Results
| Congress of the Philippines | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| House of Representatives (Districts) | Senate | |||||||||
| Year | Votes | Vote share | Seats won | Result | Year | Votes | Vote share | Seats won | Ticket | Result |
| 1998 | Did not participate | Lakas plurality | 1998 | Did not participate | LAMMP win 7/12 seats | |||||
| 2001 | Did not participate | Lakas plurality | 2001 | Did not participate | People Power win 8/13 seats | |||||
| 2004 | Did not participate | Lakas plurality | 2004 | Did not participate | K4 win 7/12 seats | |||||
| 2007 | Did not participate | Lakas plurality | 2007 | Did not participate | GO win 8/12 seats | |||||
| 2010 | Did not participate | Lakas–Kampi plurality | 2010 | Only supported a candidateTemplate:Efn | Liberal win 4/12 seats | |||||
| 2013 | 34,239 | 0.12% | Template:Composition bar | Liberal plurality | 2013 | 10,944,843 | 3.68% | Template:Composition bar | style="background:Template:Party color;"|Team PNoy | style="background:Template:Party color;"|Team PNoy win 9/12 seats |
| 2016 | Did not participate | Liberal plurality | 2016 | 15,915,213 | 4.97% | Template:Composition bar | style="background:Template:Party color;"|Daang Matuwid | style="background:Template:Party color;"|Daang Matuwid win 7/12 seats | ||
| 2019 | Did not participate | PDP–Laban plurality | 2019 | Did not participate | Otso Diretso | Hugpong win 9/12 seats | ||||
| 2022 | Did not participate | PDP–Laban plurality | 2022 | 15,470,005 | 3.56% | Template:Composition bar | TroPa | UniTeam win 6/12 seats | ||
| 2025 | Did not participate | Lakas plurality | 2025 | Did not participate | KiBam | Alyansa win 6/12 seats | ||||
Party-list elections
Akbayan is only one of two parties (the other is Butil) to win seats in all party-list elections in the Philippines until 2019. Furthermore, Akbayan is the only party to surpass the 2% election threshold in all elections until the 2016 election where they fell short by 0.12%.
In September 2024, the COMELEC proclaimed the party as a winner after the Supreme Court of the Philippines upheld the COMELEC resolution which revoked the party-list registration of An Waray.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Notes
Candidates for 2013 elections
- Risa Hontiveros – Senator
- Arlene "Kaka" Bag-ao – District Representative, Dinagat Islands (under Liberal Party)
- Walden F. Bello – 1st nominee, party-list
- Ibarra "Barry" M. Gutierrez III – 2nd nominee, party-list
- Angelina Ludovice Katoh – 3rd nominee, party-list
- Sylvia Estrada Claudio – 4th nominee, party-list
- Francis Q. Isaac – 5th nominee, party-list
- Edwin A. Bustillos – 6th nominee, party-list
Candidates for 2016 elections
- Risa Hontiveros – Senator
- Tom Villarin – 1st nominee, party-list
- Barry Gutierrez III – 2nd nominee, party-listTemplate:Efn
- Angelina Katoh – 3rd nominee, party-list
- Rafaela Mae David – 4th nominee, party-list
- Doris Obena – 5th nominee, party-list
- Mylene Hega – 6th nominee, party-list
- Cenon Nolasco – 7th nominee, party-list
Local candidates
- Pat Ibay – Councilor (District 1, Pasay)
- Ileana Ibay – Councilor (District 2, Pasay)
- Alvin Dizon – Councilor (District 1, Cebu City)Template:Efn
- Sergio Bañes Jr. – Councilor (Estancia, Iloilo)
- Egar Chu – Councilor (Estancia, Iloilo)
Candidates for 2019 elections
- Tom Villarin – 1st nominee, party-list
- Gio Tingson – 2nd nominee, party-list
- Doris Dinorog-Obena – 3rd nominee, party-list
- Angelina Katoh – 4th nominee, party-list
- Napoleon Mérida – 5th nominee, party-list
- Cristina Oganiza – 6th nominee, party-list
Candidates for 2022 elections
- Risa Hontiveros – Senator
- Percival Cendaña – 1st nominee, party-list
- Raymond John Naguit – 2nd nominee, party-list
- Cristina Oganiza – 3rd nominee, party-list
- Angelina Katoh – 4th nominee, party-list
- JC Tejano – 5th nominee, party-list
- Victoria de Jesus – 6th nominee, party-list
Local candidates
- Lyn Dialde - Board Member, Dinagat Islands
- Fely Pedrablanca - Mayor, Tubajon, Dinagat Islands
- Rexon Arevalo - Vice Mayor, Nagcarlan, Laguna
- Ernesto Balida - Vice Mayor, Batad, Iloilo
- Petnel Sombrado - Vice Mayor, Dinagat, Dinagat Islands
- Zoltan Edera - Vice Mayor, Libjo, Dinagat Islands
- Liezl Aguirre - Councilor, San Jose del Monte, Bulacan
- Tobit Cruz - Councilor, Taytay, Rizal
- Erwin Dimaculangan - Councilor, Alitagtag, Batangas
- Elaine Teope - Councilor, Luisiana, Laguna
- Laurence Sombilla - Councilor, Nagcarlan, Laguna
- Richard Pavico - Councilor, San Pablo, Laguna
- Gilbert Arrabis Jr. - Councilor, Daanbantayan, Cebu
- Wilfredo Punay - Councilor, Tubajon, Dinagat Islands
- Samson Tidalgo - Councilor, Tubajon, Dinagat Islands
Candidates for 2025 elections
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- Chel Diokno – 1st nominee, party-list
- Percival Cendaña – 2nd nominee, party-list
- Dadah Kiram Ismula – 3rd nominee, party-list
- Justine Balane – 4th nominee, party-list
- Mercy Abucayon – 5th nominee, party-list
- Magdalena Robinson – 6th nominee, party-list
- JC Tejano – 7th nominee, party-list
- Ernesto Neri – 8th nominee, party-list
- Yoyong Mérida – 9th nominee, party-list
- Angelina Katoh – 10th nominee, party-list
Local candidates
- Lyn Dialde – Board Member, Dinagat Islands
- Sean Eludo – Board Member, Dinagat Islands
- Frans Gelaine Garcia – Board Member, Bohol
- Fely Pedrablanca – Mayor, Tubajon
- Petnel Sombrado – Mayor, Dinagat, Dinagat Islands
- Ogie Suayan – Mayor, Candelaria, Quezon
- Zoltan Edera – Vice Mayor, Libjo
- Bong Maliwanag – Vice Mayor, Candelaria, Quezon
- Zacarias Suplaag – Vice Mayor, Tubajon
- Hazel Omri Abdon – Councilor, Candelaria, Quezon
- Charlott Angeles – Councilor, Jalajala
- Roderick Bacol – Councilor, Tubajon
- Mark Greg Bonaobra – Councilor, Gumaca
- Tobit Cruz – Councilor, Taytay, Rizal
- Divina Custodio – Councilor, Dinagat, Dinagat Islands
- Alvin Dizon – Councilor, Cebu City
- Opan Dizon – Councilor, Candelaria, Quezon
- Abe Diokno – Councilor, Taal, Batangas
- Bong Ebol – Councilor, Dinagat, Dinagat Islands
- Belo Emralino – Councilor, Candelaria, Quezon
- Maila Escamillas – Councilor, Candelaria, Quezon
- Joel Ganado – Councilor, General Mariano Alvarez
- Ken Paolo Giloo – Councilor, Bacolod
- Bebie Ladaga – Councilor, Tubajon
- Nonong Lamoca – Councilor, Candelaria, Quezon
- Edwin Larida – Councilor, Tubajon
- Jun Padullon – Councilor, Tubajon
- Jun Panguito – Councilor, Jalajala
- Nemerlito Perez – Councilor, Dasmariñas
- Almie Recla – Councilor, Tubajon
- Janice Rosales – Councilor, Dinagat, Dinagat Islands
- Paul Senogat – Councilor, Pasig
- Emerson Sio – Councilor, Candelaria, Quezon
- Freddie Subere – Councilor, Tubajon
- Koping Tabogon – Councilor, Dinagat, Dinagat Islands
- Elaine Teope – Councilor, Luisiana
- Samson Tidalgo – Councilor, Tubajon
- Jessica Trajano – Councilor, Tubajon
- Narcing Villaran – Councilor, Jalajala
Current party officials
- Party President: Rafaela David
- Party Chairperson: Mylene Hega
- Secretary-General: Jordan Gutierrez
- Party Member: Risa Hontiveros
- Party Member: Chel Diokno
- Party Member: Percival "Perci" Vilar Cendaña
- Party Member: Dadah Kiram Ismula
- Party Member: Ronald Llamas
- Party Member: Barry Gutierrez
Slogans
| Slogan | English | Date used |
|---|---|---|
| 'Pag mahal mo, Akbayan mo! | (Template:Translation) | from 2025 |
| Sa Akbayan, Panalo ang Mamamayan! | ("With Akbayan, the People Win!") | until 2025 |
Notes
Template:Notelist<references group="n" />
References
Further reading
External links
Template:Philippine political parties Template:Authority control
<references group="lower-alpha" />
- Pages with broken file links
- 1998 establishments in the Philippines
- Centre-left parties in Asia
- Citizens' Action Parties
- Feminist organizations in the Philippines
- Feminist parties in Asia
- Former member parties of the Socialist International
- Party-lists represented in the House of Representatives of the Philippines
- Political parties established in 1998
- Progressive Alliance
- Progressive parties in Asia
- Social democratic parties in Asia