Close back unrounded vowel

The close back unrounded vowel, or high back unrounded vowel,<ref>Template:Vowel terminology</ref> is a type of vowel sound used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is Template:Angbr IPA. Typographically, it is a turned letter Template:Angbr.

The close back unrounded vowel can in many cases be considered the vocalic equivalent of the voiced velar approximant Template:IPA.

Features

File:Spectrogram of close back unrounded vowel (IPA ɯ).png

Spectrogram of Template:IPA

Occurrence

Language		Word	IPA	Meaning	Notes
Acehnese<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>		Template:Lang	Template:IPA	'see'	Also described as closer to Template:IPAblink.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref><ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
AraraTemplate:Sfnp		Template:Lang	Template:IPA	'my skin'	Frequent realisation of Template:IPA.Template:Sfnp
Arbëresh		Template:Lang	Template:IPA	'Arbëreshë'	Template:IPAslink in standard Albanian.
Azerbaijani		Template:Lang / Template:Lang	Template:IPA	'expensive'	Closer to an Template:IPA.Template:Sfn
Bashkir		Template:Lang / Template:Lang / Template:Lang	Template:IPA	'girl'
Chinese	Mandarin	Template:Lang / Template:Transliteration	Template:IPA	'thorn'
	Wuhan dialect, Southwestern Mandarin	Template:Lang / Template:Transliteration	Template:IPA	'to go'
	Some Wu dialects	Template:Lang / Template:Transliteration	Template:IPA	'father'
	Xiang	Template:Lang / Template:Transliteration	Template:IPA	'fire'
Chuvash		Template:Lang / Template:Transliteration	Template:IPA	'garlic'
Crimean Tatar		Template:Lang / Template:Transliteration	Template:IPA	'my dear'
English	Some California speakersTemplate:Sfnp	goose	Template:IPA	'goose'	Corresponds to Template:IPAblink in other dialects.
	New Zealand<ref name="victoriauniv">Template:Cite report</ref>Template:Sfnp	treacle	Template:IPA	'treacle'	Possible realization of the unstressed vowel Template:IPA, which is variable in rounding and ranges from central to (more often) back and close to close-mid.<ref name="victoriauniv"/>Template:Sfnp Corresponds to Template:IPA in other accents. Develops from dark L; See New Zealand English phonology
	Some Philadelphia speakersTemplate:Sfnp	plus	Template:IPA	'plus'	Used by some speakers; the exact height and backness is variable.Template:Sfnp It corresponds to Template:IPAblink in other accents. See English phonology
	South AfricanTemplate:Sfnp	pill	Template:IPA	'pill'	Near-close; possible allophone of Template:IPA before the velarised allophone of Template:IPA.Template:Sfnp See South African English phonology
Eastern Khanty	Vakh-Vasyugan <ref>Template:Citation</ref>	Template:Lang	Template:IPA	'hazel grouse'	See Eastern Khanty phonology
EstonianTemplate:Sfnp		Template:Lang	Template:IPA	'ear'	Typically transcribed in IPA with Template:Angbr IPA; can be close-mid central Template:IPAblink or close-mid back Template:IPAblink instead, depending on the speaker.Template:Sfnp See Estonian phonology
Irish	Ulster	Template:Lang	Template:IPA	'narrow'	See Irish phonology
JapaneseTemplate:Sfnp		Template:Lang / Template:Transliteration	Template:Audio-IPA	'air'	May be compressed Template:IPAblink.Template:Sfnp See Japanese phonology
KatukinaTemplate:Sfnp			Template:IPA	'oscar (fish)'
Kazakh		Template:Lang / Template:Lang / Template:Lang	Template:IPA	'winter'	May be pronounced as Template:IPA
KoreanTemplate:Sfnp		Template:Lang Template:Nowrap / Template:Transliteration	Template:IPA	'food'	See Korean phonology
Kurdish	Kurmanji (Northern)	Template:Lang	Template:IPA	'sour'	See Kurdish phonology. The "i" after "t" always uses this sound if the "t" is "tˤ". However, it can also appear at other places.
	Sorani (Central)	Template:Lang / Template:Transliteration
Kyrgyz		Template:Lang / Template:Lang / Template:Transliteration	Template:IPA	'girl'	See Kyrgyz phonology
PanaráTemplate:Sfnp			Template:IPA	'to breathe'
Romanian	Some speakers	Template:Lang	Template:IPA	'when'	Typically described as Template:Angbr IPA. See Romanian phonology
Scottish Gaelic		Template:Lang	Template:IPA	'thin'	See Scottish Gaelic phonology
Sop		Template:Lang	Template:IPA	'tree'	See Sop language
Tamil		Template:Lang / Template:Transliteration	Template:IPA	'beauty'
Thai	StandardTemplate:Sfnp	Template:Lang / Template:Transliteration	Template:IPA	'to go up'
Turkish<ref name="gk">Template:Harvcoltxt</ref>		Template:Lang	Template:Audio-IPA	'shallow'	Described variously as close back Template:IPA,<ref name="gk"/> near-close near-back Template:IPA<ref>Template:Harvcoltxt</ref> and close central Template:IPAblink.<ref>Template:Harvcoltxt</ref> See Turkish phonology
Turkmen		Template:Lang / Template:Lang	Template:IPA	'green'
Uyghur		Template:Lang / Template:Transliteration	Template:IPA	'my language'	In complementary distribution with Template:IPAslink. See Uyghur phonology
Vietnamese		Template:Lang	Template:IPA	'fourth'	See Vietnamese phonology

See also

• Index of phonetics articles
• Ɯ

References

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External links

• Template:Phoible