List of dukedoms in the peerages of Britain and Ireland

Template:UK Peerages This article lists all dukedoms, extant, extinct, dormant, abeyant, or forfeit, in the peerages of England, Scotland, Great Britain, Ireland and the United Kingdom.
Introduction of dukedoms into England
{{ safesubst:#invoke:Unsubst||date=__DATE__ |$B= {{ safesubst:#invoke:Unsubst||date=__DATE__ |$B= Template:Ambox }} }} Edward III of England created the first three dukedoms of England (Cornwall, Lancaster, and Clarence). His eldest son, Edward, the Black Prince, was created Duke of Cornwall, the first English Duke, in 1337. <ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>Two weeks after the Prince's death the dukedom was recreated for his 9-year-old son Richard of Bordeaux, who would eventually succeed his grandfather as Richard II. The Dukes of Cornwall are not numbered as part of their style.
The second dukedom was originally given to Henry of Grosmont, 1st Duke of Lancaster, but upon his death was re-created for the 3rd son of Edward III, John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster. <ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> On that same day Edward III also created a dukedom for his second son, Lionel of Antwerp, 1st Duke of Clarence. When Richard II reached majority, he created dukedoms for his last two uncles on the same day: Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York, and Thomas of Woodstock, 1st Duke of Gloucester.
Originally, dukedoms were created for those who had royal blood, either by descent or marriage (see below, list of surnames). By the end of the Middle Ages, traditionally marked by the Battle of Bosworth Field on 22 August 1485, a total of 31 dukedoms (with 16 distinct titles) had been created; yet only those of Cornwall, Lancaster and Suffolk remained. The Duchy of Cornwall was permanently associated with the heir apparent, and the Duchy of Lancaster became Crown property.
The first Duke of Norfolk had died in the Battle of Bosworth Field in 1485. Three decades later the Dukedom of Norfolk was restored to his son by Henry VIII. Thus when Elizabeth I came to power the only living duke was Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk. Elizabeth did not create any dukes, and she had Thomas Howard beheaded at the age of 36 for plotting to wed Mary, Queen of Scots and overthrow her. By 1572, this class of peerage was extinct, and there were no dukes in the last 30 years of her reign. The extant dukedoms in the Peerage of England were all created (or restored, in the cases of Norfolk and Somerset) in the Stuart period, beginning with James I's re-creation of the dukedom of Buckingham in 1623 for George Villiers.
With the possible exception of the Duchy of Cornwall and the Duchy of Lancaster (which come with great territories attached), all ducal titles in England have been created and held by royal patent or charter, and not by tenure. As a result, the rules of succession to a ducal title are usually explicitly laid out in the patent, and are not necessarily consistent, nor do they coincide with common inheritance laws on property. For instance, an heir does not usually inherit the ducal title by virtue of being the heir of the last holder, but by virtue of descent from the first person to whom the title was given, so a full-blood daughter of a duke may be superseded by a half-blood male relative who can prove direct descent from the first holder.
Dukedoms in the Peerage of England, 1337–1707
| Monarch | Dukedom | Date of creation | Grantee | Surname | Current status | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Edward III | Cornwall | Template:Dts | Edward of Woodstock | Plantagenet (originally) | Extant | Held by the eldest living son of the monarch who is also heir-apparent to the throne; title currently held by William, Prince of Wales. See also Duchy of Cornwall. |
| Lancaster | Template:Dts | Henry of Grosmont | Plantagenet | Extinct Template:Dts | — | |
| Clarence | Template:Dts | Lionel of Antwerp | Plantagenet | Extinct Template:Dts | — | |
| Lancaster | Template:Dts | John of Gaunt | Plantagenet | Merged in crown Template:Dts | The Sovereign is occasionally styled as Duke of Lancaster, regardless of gender. See also Duchy of Lancaster. | |
| Cornwall | Template:Dts | Richard of Bordeaux | Plantagenet | Merged in crown Template:Dts | Distinct from the 1337 creation, as the holder was not the eldest son of the monarch | |
| Richard II | York | Template:Dts | Edmund of Langley | Plantagenet | Merged in crown Template:Dts | Forfeit 1415–1425; November 1459 – 7 October 1460Template:Citation needed |
| Gloucester | Template:Dts | Thomas of Woodstock | Plantagenet | Forfeit Template:Dts | — | |
| Ireland | Template:Dts | Robert | Vere | Forfeit Template:Dts | Creation for life only. | |
| Hereford | Template:Dts | Henry of Bolingbroke | Plantagenet | Merged in crown Template:Dts | — | |
| Aumale | Template:Dts | Edward of Norwich | Plantagenet | Deprived of title Template:Dts | Also Earl of Rutland from 1390 and Duke of York from 1402 | |
| Exeter | Template:Dts | John | Holland | Deprived of title Template:Dts | Descendant of Edmund of Woodstock, earl of Kent, son of Edward I. | |
| Surrey | Template:Dts | Thomas | Holland | Forfeit Template:Dts | Descendant of Edmund of Woodstock, earl of Kent, son of Edward I. | |
| Norfolk | Template:Dts | Thomas | Mowbray | Extinct Template:Dts | Title not in use 1399 to 1425. Descendant in female line of Thomas of Brotherton, Earl of Norfolk, son of Edward I. | |
| Norfolk | Template:Dts | Margaret | Plantagenet | Extinct Template:Dts | For life only | |
| Henry IV | Lancaster | Template:Dts | Henry of Monmouth | Plantagenet | Merged in crown Template:Dts | Also Duke of Cornwall |
| Clarence | Template:Dts | Thomas of Lancaster | Plantagenet | Extinct Template:Dts | — | |
| Henry V | Bedford | Template:Dts | John of Lancaster | Plantagenet | Extinct Template:Dts | — |
| Gloucester | Template:Dts | Humphrey of Lancaster | Plantagenet | Extinct Template:Dts | — | |
| Exeter | Template:Dts | Thomas | Beaufort (Plantagenet) | Extinct Template:Dts | Son of John of Gaunt, grandson of Edward III. | |
| Henry VI | Exeter | Template:Dts | John | Holland | Forfeit Template:Dts | Descendant of Edmund of Woodstock, earl of Kent, son of Edward I. |
| Somerset | Template:Dts | John | Beaufort (Plantagenet) | Extinct Template:Dts | Descended from son of John of Gaunt, grandson of Edward III. | |
| Buckingham | Template:Dts | Humphrey | Stafford | Forfeit Template:Dts | Also forfeit 2 November 1483 – November 1485 Descendant of Anne of Gloucester, the daughter of Thomas of Woodstock, youngest son of Edward III. | |
| Warwick | Template:Dts | Henry | Beauchamp | Extinct Template:Dts | — | |
| Somerset | Template:Dts | Edmund | Beaufort (Plantagenet) | Forfeit Template:Dts | Also forfeit 1461–1463 Descended from son of John of Gaunt, grandson of Edward III. | |
| Suffolk | Template:Dts | William | de la Pole | Surrendered Template:Dts | Forfeit 1450–1463. Married Elizabeth of York, sister of Edward IV and Richard III. | |
| Edward IV | Clarence | Template:Dts | George | Plantagenet | Forfeit Template:Dts | — |
| Gloucester | Template:Dts | Richard | Plantagenet | Merged in crown Template:Dts | — | |
| Bedford | Template:Dts | George | Neville | Deprived of title Template:Dts | Intended husband of Elizabeth of York, daughter of Edward IV. | |
| York | Template:Dts | Richard of Shrewsbury | Plantagenet | Extinct Template:Dts | Also Duke of Norfolk from 1477 | |
| Norfolk | Template:Dts | Richard of Shrewsbury | Plantagenet | Extinct Template:Dts | Also Duke of York | |
| Bedford | Template:Dts | George | Plantagenet | Extinct Template:Dts | — | |
| Richard III | Norfolk | Template:Dts | John | Howard, Fitzalan-Howard | Extant | Title forfeit 22 August 1485 – 1 February 1514, 27 January 1547 – October 1553, 2 June 1572 – September 1660. Descendant in female line of Thomas of Brotherton, Earl of Norfolk, son of Edward I. |
| Henry VII | Bedford | Template:Dts | Jasper | Tudor | Extinct Template:Dts | — |
| York | Template:Dts | Henry | Tudor | Merged in crown Template:Dts | Also Duke of Cornwall from 1502 | |
| Somerset | Template:Dts | Edmund | Tudor | Extinct Template:Dts | — | |
| Henry VIII | Suffolk | Template:Dts | Charles | Brandon | Extinct Template:Dts | Husband of Mary Tudor, sister of Henry VIII and former Queen of France. |
| Richmond and Somerset | Template:Dts | Henry | Fitzroy | Extinct Template:Dts | Illegitimate son of Henry VIII. | |
| Edward VI | Somerset | Template:Dts | Edward | Seymour | Extant | Forfeit 22 January 1552 – 13 September 1660. Maternal uncle of Edward VI. |
| Northumberland | Template:Dts | John | Dudley | Forfeit Template:Dts | — | |
| Suffolk | Template:Dts | Henry | Grey | Forfeit Template:Dts | Married Lady Frances Brandon, daughter of Charles Brandon, Duke of Suffolk and Mary Tudor, sister of Henry VIII. | |
| James I | York | Template:Dts | Charles | Stuart | Merged in crown Template:Dts | Also Duke of Albany in Scotland and Duke of Cornwall and Rothesay from 1612 |
| Richmond | Template:Dts | Ludovic | Stuart | Extinct Template:Dts | — | |
| Buckingham | Template:Dts | George | Villiers | Extinct Template:Dts | — | |
| Charles I | Richmond | Template:Dts | James | Stuart | Extinct Template:Dts | — |
| Cumberland | Template:Dts | Prince Rupert of the Rhine | None (royal prince) (Wittelsbach) | Extinct Template:Dts | Created for Prince Rupert of the Rhine | |
| York | Template:Dts | James | Stuart | Merged in crown Template:Dts | — | |
| Dudley | Template:Dts | Alice | Dudley | Extinct Template:Dts | For life only | |
| Charles II | Gloucester | Template:Dts | Henry | Stuart | Extinct Template:Dts | — |
| Albemarle | Template:Dts | George | Monck | Extinct Template:Dts | — | |
| Monmouth | Template:Dts | James | Scott (illegitimate Stuart) | Forfeit Template:Dts | — | |
| Cambridge | Template:Dts | James | Stuart | Extinct Template:Dts | — | |
| Newcastle upon Tyne | Template:Dts | William | Cavendish | Extinct Template:Dts | — | |
| Kendal | Template:Dts | Charles | Stuart | Extinct Template:Dts | — | |
| Cambridge | Template:Dts | Edgar | Stuart | Extinct Template:Dts | — | |
| Cleveland | Template:Dts | Barbara | Villiers, Fitzroy (illegitimate Stuart) | Extinct Template:Dts | Also Duke of Southampton from 1709 | |
| Portsmouth | Template:Dts | Louise | Penancoët de Kérouaille | Extinct Template:Dts | For life only | |
| Richmond | Template:Dts | Charles | Lennox (illegitimate Stuart) | Extant | Also Duke of Gordon in the United Kingdom from 1876 and Duke of Lennox in Scotland | |
| Southampton | Template:Dts | Charles | Fitzroy (illegitimate Stuart) | Extinct Template:Dts | Also Duke of Cleveland from 1709 | |
| Grafton | Template:Dts | Henry | Fitzroy (illegitimate Stuart) | Extant | — | |
| Ormonde | Template:Dts | James | Butler | Forfeit Template:Dts | Also Duke of Ormonde in Ireland | |
| Beaufort | Template:Dts | Henry | Somerset (illegitimate Plantagenet) | Extant | Descended from John of Gaunt, son of Edward III via house of Beaufort. | |
| Northumberland | Template:Dts | George | Fitzroy (illegitimate Stuart) | Extinct Template:Dts | — | |
| St Albans | Template:Dts | Charles | Beauclerk (illegitimate Stuart) | Extant | — | |
| James II | Berwick-upon-Tweed | Template:Dts | James | Fitzjames (illegitimate Stuart) | Unclear | It was long thought that the title was forfeit sometime around 1695, but there is no evidence of an attainder. If there was not one, the title is extant and held by the Dukes of Peñaranda del Duero. |
| William III and Mary II | Cumberland | Template:Dts | Prince George | Oldenburg | Extinct Template:Dts | — |
| Bolton | Template:Dts | Charles | Paulet | Extinct Template:Dts | — | |
| Schomberg | Template:Dts | Frederick | Schomberg | Extinct Template:Dts | Also Duke of Leinster in Ireland from 1691 | |
| Shrewsbury | Template:Dts | Charles | Talbot | Extinct Template:Dts | — | |
| Leeds | Template:Dts | Thomas | Osborne | Extinct Template:Dts | — | |
| Bedford | Template:Dts | William | Russell | Extant | — | |
| Devonshire | Template:Dts | William | Cavendish | Extant | — | |
| Newcastle upon Tyne | Template:Dts | John | Holles | Extinct Template:Dts | — | |
| Anne | Marlborough | Template:Dts | John | Churchill, Spencer, Spencer-Churchill | Extant | — |
| Buckingham and Normanby | Template:Dts | John | Sheffield | Extinct Template:Dts | — | |
| Rutland | Template:Dts | John | Manners | Extant | — | |
| Montagu | Template:Dts | Ralph | Montagu | Extinct Template:Dts | — | |
| Cambridge | Template:Dts | George | Hanover | Merged in crown Template:Dts | Also Duke of Cornwall and Rothesay from 1714 |
(continues below Scotland as Dukedoms of Great Britain)
Dukedoms in the Peerage of Scotland, 1398–1707
| Monarch | Title | Date of Creation | Surname | Current Status | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Robert III | Rothesay<ref>The Scots Peerage, vol. VII, pp. 312–313.</ref> | Template:Dts | Stuart (originally) | Extant | Held by eldest son of the monarch who is also heir-apparent; thus also Duke of Cornwall since 1603 |
| Albany<ref>Scots Peerage, vol. I, p. 147.</ref> | Template:Dts | Stuart | Forfeit Template:Dts | — | |
| James II | Albany<ref>Scots Peerage, vol. I, p. 151.</ref> | Template:Dts abt | Stuart | Extinct Template:Dts | Forfeit 1479–1482, 1483–1514 |
| James III | Ross<ref name=Ross>Scots Peerage, vol. VII, p. 246.</ref> | Template:Dts | Stuart | Extinct Template:Dts | — |
| Montrose<ref>Scots Peerage, vol. III, p. 22.</ref> | Template:Dts | Lindsay | Extinct Template:Dts | Deprived of title 1488–1489, title for life from 1489 | |
| James V | Ross<ref name=Ross/> | Template:Dts | Stuart | Extinct Template:Dts | Alexander Stewart was styled Duke of Ross, but never formally created a peer |
| Albany<ref name=Albany>Scots Peerage, vol. I, p. 155.</ref> | Template:Dts | Stuart | Extinct Template:Dts | Arthur Stewart was styled Duke of Albany, but never formally created a peer | |
| Mary I | Albany<ref name=Albany/> | Template:Dts | Stuart | Merged in crown Template:Dts | — |
| Orkney<ref>Scots Peerage, vol. II, p. 164.</ref> | Template:Dts | Hepburn | Forfeit Template:Dts | — | |
| James VI | Lennox<ref>Scots Peerage, vol. V, p. 356.</ref> | Template:Dts | Stuart | Extinct Template:Dts | Also Duke of Richmond in England from 1623 until 1624 and from 1641; sat in the English House of Lords as Earl of Richmond 1613-1623 and as Earl of March 1624-1641 |
| Albany<ref name=Albany/> | Template:Dts | Stuart | Merged in crown Template:Dts | Also Duke of York in England from 1605 and Duke of Rothesay from 1612 | |
| Kintyre and Lorne | Template:Dts | Stuart | Extinct Template:Dts | — | |
| Charles I | Hamilton<ref>Scots Peerage, vol. IV, p. 377.</ref> | Template:Dts | Hamilton, Douglas-Hamilton | Extant | Also Duke of Brandon in Great Britain from 1711; sat in the English House of Lords as Earl of Cambridge in the Peerage of England 1643-1651 and in the British House of Lords as Duke of Brandon in the Peerage of Great Britain 1782-1963 |
| Charles II | Hamilton<ref>Scots Peerage, vol. IV, p. 381.</ref> | Template:Dts | Douglas (Hamilton) | Extinct Template:Dts | For life only; husband of the suo jure Duchess of Hamilton |
| Albany<ref name=Albany/> | Template:Dts | Stuart | Merged in crown Template:Dts | Also Duke of York in England | |
| Buccleuch<ref name=Buccleuch>Scots Peerage, vol. II, p. 237.</ref> | Template:Dts | Scott | Forfeit Template:Dts | Also Duke of Monmouth in England | |
| Buccleuch<ref name=Buccleuch/> | Template:Dts | Scott, Montagu-Douglas-Scott | Extant | Also Duke of Queensberry from 1810; sat in the House of Lords as Earl of Doncaster in the Peerage of England 1743-1963 | |
| Lauderdale<ref>Scots Peerage, vol. VI, p. 305.</ref> | Template:Dts | Maitland | Extinct Template:Dts | ||
| Lennox<ref>Scots Peerage, vol. V, p. 363.</ref> | Template:Dts | Lennox | Extant | Also Duke of Gordon in the United Kingdom from 1876 and Duke of Richmond in England | |
| Rothes<ref>Scots Peerage, vol. VII, p. 301.</ref> | Template:Dts | Leslie | Extinct Template:Dts | — | |
| Gordon<ref>Scots Peerage, vol. IV, p. 549.</ref> | Template:Dts | Gordon | Extinct Template:Dts | Sat in the House of Lords as Earl of Norwich in the Peerage of Great Britain 1784-1836 | |
| Queensberry<ref>Scots Peerage, vol. VII, p. 138.</ref> | Template:Dts | Douglas, Montagu-Douglas Scott | Extant | Also Duke of Dover in Great Britain from 1708 until 1778 and Duke of Buccleuch from 1810 | |
| William II | Argyll<ref>Scots Peerage, vol. I, p.369.</ref> | Template:Dts | Campbell | Extant | Also Duke of Greenwich in Great Britain from 1718 until 1743 and Duke of Argyll in the United Kingdom from 1892; sat in the House of Lords as Earl of Greenwich 1705–1743, and as Baron Sundridge 1782-1892 |
| Anne | Douglas<ref>Scots Peerage, vol. I, p. 210.</ref> | Template:Dts | Douglas | Extinct Template:Dts | Created for the Marquess of Douglas |
| Atholl<ref>Scots Peerage, vol. I, p. 479.</ref> | Template:Dts | Murray | Extant | Sat in the House of Lords as Earl Strange 1786-1957 | |
| Montrose<ref>Scots Peerage, vol. VI, p. 263.</ref> | Template:Dts | Graham | Extant | Sat in the House of Lords as Earl Graham 1782-1963 | |
| Roxburghe<ref>Scots Peerage, vol. VII, p. 350.</ref> | Template:Dts | Ker | Extant | Dormant 22 October 1805 – 11 May 1812; Sat in the House of Lords as Earl Ker 1782-1804 and as Earl Innes 1837-1963 |
Dukedoms in the Peerage of Great Britain, 1707–1801
(continues below Ireland as Dukedoms of the United Kingdom)
Dukedoms in the Peerage of Ireland, 1661–1868
| Monarch | Dukedom | Date of Creation | Grantee | Surname | Current Status | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Charles II | Ormonde | Template:Dts | James Butler, Marquess of Ormonde | Butler | Extinct Template:Dts | Also Duke of Ormonde in England until 1715; the title was generally considered forfeit after 1715, and the third duke, brother of the attainted second duke, who held the title after 1745, did not use it. |
| William III and Mary II | Leinster | Template:Dts | Lord Meinhardt Schomberg | Schomberg | Extinct Template:Dts | Also Duke of Schomberg in England from 1693 |
| George I | Munster | Template:Dts | Ehrengard Melusine von der Schulenburg | Schulenberg | Extinct Template:Dts | Also Duchess of Kendal in Great Britain from 1719 |
| George III | Leinster<ref>Template:London Gazette</ref> | Template:Dts | James FitzGerald, Marquess of Kildare | FitzGerald | Extant | Sat in the British House of Lords as Viscount Leinster 1747–1999 |
| Victoria | Abercorn | Template:Dts | James Hamilton, Marquess of Abercorn | Hamilton | Extant | Sat in the House of Lords as Marquess of Abercorn 1868–1999 |
Dukedoms in the Peerage of the United Kingdom, 1801–present
See also
- British nobility
- Dukes in the United Kingdom
- Royal dukedoms in the United Kingdom
- List of dukes in the peerages of Britain and Ireland, a list of present and extant dukedoms in the peerages of the Kingdom of England, Kingdom of Scotland, Kingdom of Great Britain, Kingdom of Ireland, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 1927 and after.
- Duchies in England
- List of marquessates
- List of earldoms
- List of viscountcies
- List of baronies.