List of slaves

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Template:Short description Template:Use mdy dates Template:Slavery Template:Dynamic list

File:Livorno Quattro mori monument 07.JPG
One of four statues of chained slaves at the base of the Monument of the Four Moors in Livorno, Italy, whose models may have been actual slaves

Slavery is a social-economic system under which people are enslaved: deprived of personal freedom and forced to perform labor or services without compensation. These people are referred to as slaves, or as enslaved people.

The following is a list of notable historical people who were enslaved at some point during their lives, in alphabetical order by first name. Template:Compact TOC

A

File:Петровское. Бюст А.П. Ганнибала.jpg
Abram Petrovich Gannibal
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Aesop
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Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca
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Andrey Voronikhin
File:William Hoare of Bath - Portrait of Ayuba Suleiman Diallo, (1701-1773).jpg
Ayuba Suleiman Diallo
  • Ayuba Suleiman Diallo (1701–1773), also known as Job ben Solomon, a Muslim of the Bundu state in West Africa who was enslaved for two years in Maryland, freed in 1734, and later wrote memoirs that were published as one of the earliest slave narratives.

B

File:رسم الظاهر بيبرس.png
Baibars
  • Baibars (1223–1277), also known as Abu al-Futuh, a Kipchak Turk who became a Mamluk sultan of Egypt and Syria.
  • Balthild (Template:Circa 626–680), an Anglo-Saxon woman of elite birth who was sold into slavery as a young girl and served in the household of Erchinoald, mayor of the palace of Neustria. Later she became queen consort by marriage to Clovis II, and then regent during the minority of her son Clotaire. She abolished the practice of trading Christian slaves and sought the freedom of children sold into slavery. She was canonized by Pope Nicholas I about 200 years after her death.<ref>{{#if:||{{#if:St. Bathilde||}} }}{{#if:|One or more of the preceding sentences|This article}} incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: {{#invoke:template wrapper|{{#if:|list|wrap}}|_template=cite Catholic Encyclopedia
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Belinda Sutton's petition, reprinted
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File:Saint Non's Chapel - Fenster 3 St.Bride.jpg
Brigid of Kildare
  • Brigid of Kildare, a major Irish Saint. According to tradition, Brigid was born in the year 451 AD in Faughart,<ref name=Joyce>Joyce, P. W., The Wonders of Ireland, 1911</ref> just north of Dundalk<ref name="Story of St. Brigid">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="irishcatholic.ie">Template:Cite web</ref> in County Louth, Ireland. Her mother was Brocca, a Christian Pict slave who had been baptized by Saint Patrick. They name her father as Dubhthach, a chieftain of Leinster.<ref name="autogenerated1">Template:Cite web</ref> Dubthach's wife forced him to sell Brigid's mother to a druid when she became pregnant. Brigid herself was born into slavery. The child Brigid was said to have performed miracles, including healing and feeding the poor.<ref>Wallace, Martin. A Little Book of Celtic Saints. Belfast. Appletree Press, 1995, Template:ISBN, p.13</ref> Around the age of ten, she was returned as a household servant to her father, where her habit of charity led her to donate his belongings to anyone who asked. In two Lives, Dubthach was so annoyed with her that he took her in a chariot to the King of Leinster to sell her. While Dubthach was talking to the king, Brigid gave away his jewelled sword to a beggar to barter it for food to feed his family. The king recognized her holiness and convinced Dubthach to grant his daughter her freedom, after which she started her career as a well-known nun.<ref name=Bitel>Template:Cite web</ref>
  • Brigitta Scherzenfeldt (1698–1733), Swedish memoirist and weaving teacher who was captured during the Great Northern War and lived as a slave in the kingdom of the Kalmyk in Central Asia.
  • Bussa (died 1816), born a free man in West Africa of possible Igbo descent and was captured by African slave merchants, sold to the British, and transported to Barbados in the late 18th century as a slave.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

C

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Cezayirli Gazi Hasan Pasha
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Charlotte Aïssé

D

File:Dred Scott photograph (circa 1857).jpg
Dred Scott

E

  • Edward Mozingo Sr., (Template:Circa 1649–1712), kidnapped from Africa when about 10 years old, sold into slavery in Jamestown, Virginia. After his owner died, he sued for his freedom and won it. He married an impoverished white woman, Margaret Pierce Bayley (1645–1711) and together they, essentially, founded the Mozingo family line in North America.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
  • Elijah Abel (1808–1884), born enslaved in Maryland and believed to have escaped slavery on the Underground Railroad into Canada. He joined the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in its early days, was among the first blacks to receive its priesthood and the first black person to rise to the ranks of an elder and seventy.
  • Elizabeth Marsh (1735–1785), an Englishwoman who was captured by corsairs and held in slavery in Morocco.
  • Edith Hern Fossett, a woman enslaved by U.S. President Thomas Jefferson, was taught to cook by a French chef and created French cuisine at the White House and at Monticello.
  • Elias Polk (1806–1886), a conservative political activist of the 19th century.
  • Eliezer of Damascus, Abraham's slave and trusted manager of the Patriarch's household in the Hebrew Bible.
  • Elieser was a man enslaved by the family of Paulo de Pina, Portuguese Jews who moved to the Netherlands in 1610 to escape persecution and forced conversion in Portugal. He lived with the family in Amsterdam until his death in 1629 and was buried in the Beth Haim cemetery, oldest Jewish cemetery in the Netherlands. He appears to have been set free, either de jure or in practice, and to have been on near equal footing with the family that owned him back in Portugal – indicated by the fact that he attended the funeral of the wife of his master, Sara de Pina, and contributed to that occasion six stuivers, and that he was buried alongside his (former) owners and alongside Jacob Israel Belmonte, the community's richest businessman. Elieser must have been converted to Judaism and widely accepted as Jewish, otherwise he would not have been buried inside the Jewish cemetery; the name "Elieser" was likely bestowed on him at conversion, recalling Eliezer of Damascus. In recent years, Elieser's memory was taken up by members of the Surinamese community in the Netherlands, who erected a statue of him and hold an annual pilgrimage to his grave on what came to be known as Elieser Day.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
  • Elisenda de Sant Climent (1220–1275), enslaved during a slave raid on Mallorca and placed in the harem of the emir in Tunis.
  • Eliza Hopewell, a woman enslaved by Confederate spy Isabella Maria Boyd ("Belle Boyd"). In 1862, she aided her owner's espionage activities, carrying messages to the Confederate Army in a hollowed-out watch case.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
  • Eliza Moore (1843–1948), one of the last proven African-American former slaves living in the United States.
  • Elizabeth Johnson Forby, mixed-race American woman enslaved by President Andrew Johnson, daughter of Dolly Johnson.<ref name= "andrew johnson white house">Template:Cite web</ref>
  • Elizabeth Key Grinstead (1630–after 1665), the first woman of African ancestry in the North American colonies to sue for her freedom and win. Key and her infant son, John Grinstead, were freed on July 21, 1656, in the colony of Virginia, based on the fact that her father was an Englishman and that she was a baptized Christian.
  • Elizabeth Freeman (Template:Circa 1742–1829), known as Bett and later Mum Bett, was among the first enslaved black people in Massachusetts to file a freedom suit and win in court under the 1780 constitution, with a ruling that slavery was illegal.
  • Elizabeth Hobbs Keckley (1818–1907), best known as the personal modiste and confidante of Mary Todd Lincoln, the First Lady of the United States. Keckley wrote and published an autobiography, Behind the Scenes: Or, Thirty Years a Slave and Four Years in the White House (1868).
  • Ellen Craft (1826–1891), light-skinned wife of William Craft, who escaped with him from Georgia to Philadelphia, by posing as a white woman and her slave, in a case that became famous.
  • Ellen More, an enslaved woman brought to the royal Scottish court
  • Emilia Soares de Patrocinio (1805–1886) was a Brazilian slave, slave owner and businesswoman.
  • Emiline (age 23); Nancy (20); Lewis, brother of Nancy (16); Edward, brother of Emiline (13); Lewis and Edward, sons of Nancy (7); Ann, daughter of Nancy (5); and Amanda, daughter of Emiline (2), were freed in the 1852 Lemmon v. New York court case after they were brought to New York by their Virginia owners.
  • Emily Edmonson (1835–1895), along with her sister Mary, joined an unsuccessful 1848 escape attempt known as the Pearl incident, but Henry Ward Beecher and his church raised the funds to free them.
  • Enrique of Malacca, also known as Henry the Black, slave and interpreter of Ferdinand Magellan and possibly the first man to circumnavigate the globe in Magellan's voyage of 1519–1521.
  • Epictetus (55–Template:Circa 135), ancient Greek stoic philosopher.
  • Estevanico (1500–1539), also known as Esteban the Moor. In principle he was a slave of the Portuguese to, later, be a servant of the Spaniards. He was one of only four survivors of the ill-fated Narváez expedition, later a guide in search of the fabled Seven Cities of Gold and possibly the first African person to arrive in what is now Arizona and New Mexico.
  • Eston Hemings (1808–1856), son of Sally Hemings and Thomas Jefferson.
  • Eucharis, a Greek born freedwoman of Roman Licinia, described in her epitaph in the 1st century AD as fourteen when she died, a child actress and a professional dancer.<ref>Elaine Fantham, Helene Peet Foley, Natalie Boymel Kampen, Sarah B. Pomeroy, H. A. Shapiro, Women in the Classical World p. 270, Template:ISBN</ref>
  • Eunus (died 132 BC), an enslaved Roman from Apamea in Syria, the leader of the slave uprising in the First Servile War in the Roman province of Sicily. Eunus rose to prominence in the movement through his reputation as a prophet and wonder-worker. He claimed to receive visions and communications from the goddess Atargatis, a prominent goddess in his homeland; he identified her with the Sicilian Demeter. Some of his prophecies were that the rebel slaves would successfully capture the city of Enna and that he would be a king some day.
  • Euphemia (died 520s), Empress of the Byzantine Empire by marriage to Justin I, originally a slave.
  • Euphraios, an Athenian slave and banker.<ref name="garlan70">Yvon Garlan, Slavery in Ancient Greece, p. 67, Template:ISBN</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
  • Exuperius (died 127), slave in Pamphylia, Roman Anatolia and a Christian martyr. He and his family were killed for refusing to participate in pagan rites when their son was born.<ref name="Exuperius">Template:Cite web</ref>

F

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Florence Baker
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Frederick Douglass
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Fyodor Slavyansky

G

File:Gordon, scourged back, NPG, 1863.jpg
Gordon
  • Gordon, also known as Whipped Peter, an enslaved African-American man who escaped to a Union Army camp from a plantation near Baton Rouge, Louisiana in 1863. The images of Gordon's scourged back taken during a medical examination were published in Harper's Weekly and provided Northerners visual evidence of the brutality of slavery. They inspired many free blacks to enlist in the Union Army.<ref>Goodyear III, Frank H. "Photography changes the way we record and respond to social issues". Smithsonian Institution</ref>
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Gülnuş Sultan

H

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Hurrem Sultan

I

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Ibrahim Pasha
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Ivan Argunov
  • Ivan Argunov (1729–1802), Russian serf painter, one of the founders of the Russian school of portrait painting.

J

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Jean Parisot de Valette
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Josephine Bakhita
File:Retrato de Juan Pareja, by Diego Velázquez.jpg
Juan de Pareja

K

File:Kösem Sultana (cropped) (cropped).jpg
Kösem Sultan
  • Kösem Sultan (1589–1651), an Ottoman enslaved woman, later extremely powerful as wife, then mother and later grandmother of the Ottoman sultan during the Sultanate of Women.

L

  • Lalla Balqis (1670–after 1721), an Englishwoman captured and enslaved by corsairs and included in the harem of the Sultan of Morocco.
  • Lamhatty, a Tawasa Indian captured and enslaved by Creek; he escaped.<ref>Snyder, Slavery in Indian Country, p. 67</ref>
  • Lampegia (died after 730), Aquitanian noblewoman, captured by Abd al-Rahman ibn Abd Allah al-Ghafiqi, who in 730 took the Llivia Fortress, executed her spouse Munuza and sent her as a slave to the harem of Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik in Damascus.<ref>David Nicolle, Graham Turner: Poitiers AD 732: Charles Martel Turns the Islamic Tide. Osprey Publishing 2008, Template:ISBN</ref>
File:Laurens de Graaf (oil, 1670s).jpg
Laurens de Graaf
  • Laurens de Graaf (Template:Circa 1653–1704), a Dutch pirate, mercenary, and naval officer, enslaved by Spanish slave traders when captured in what is now the Netherlands and transported to the Canary Islands to work on a plantation, prior to 1674.
  • Lear Green (Template:Circa 1839–1860), an African-American woman from Maryland who escaped to freedom in New York by mailing herself in a box.
  • Leo Africanus (1494–1554), a Moor born in Granada who was taken by his family in 1498 to Morocco when expelled from Spain. As an adult he served on diplomatic missions. Captured by Crusaders while in the Middle East, he was enslaved in Rome and forced to convert to Christianity. He eventually regained his freedom and lived out his life in Tunis.
  • Leofgifu the dairy maid, an enslaved woman in Anglo-Saxon England, named in her manumission.<ref>Fell, Women in Anglo-Saxon England, p. 47</ref>
  • Leoflaed, an enslaved woman in Anglo-Saxon England, whose freedom was bought by a man who described her as a "kinswoman."<ref>Fell, Women in Anglo-Saxon England, p. 86</ref>
  • Leonor de Mendoza, an enslaved woman in colonial Mexico who tried to marry Tomás Ortega, a man enslaved by another master; when her master imprisoned Tomás she appealed to a church court for assistance, which threatened excommunication if he did not free Tomás.<ref name="seed82">Patricia Seed, To Love, Honor, and Obey in Colonial Mexico: Conflicts over Marriage Choice, 1574–1821, p. 82, Template:ISBN</ref>
  • Letitia Munson (Template:Circa 1820–after 1882), midwife and formerly enslaved, she was acquitted of performing an illegal abortion in Canada.
  • Lewis Adams (1842–1905), a formerly-enslaved man who co-founded the Tuskegee Institute, now Tuskegee University, in Alabama.
  • Lewis Hayden (1811–1889), African-American man born in Kentucky, later elected to the Massachusetts General Court.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
  • Lilliam Williams, a Tennessee settler who was captured by the Creek while pregnant. The Creek adopted her daughter (whom she named Molly and they named Esnahatchee,); they kept the girl when Williams' freedom was arranged.<ref>Snyder, Slavery in Indian Country, p. 149</ref>
  • Liol, a Chinese man enslaved by Mongol bannerman Soosar. He was rewarded with semi-independent status, as a separate register dependent. In 1735, his son Fuji tried to claim that he and his brother were in fact Manchus and detached household bannermen, but failed.<ref>Mark C. Elliott, The Manchu Way p. 330, Template:ISBN</ref>
  • Lorenzo de Apapis (Template:Circa 1501–1586), Gozitan priest and notary who was enslaved during the 1551 Ottoman attack on Gozo. He was ransomed and freed by 1553.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
  • Lott Cary (Template:Circa 1780–1828), born an African-American slave in Virginia, bought his freedom Template:Circa 1813, emigrated to Liberia in 1822, where he later served as colonial administrator.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
  • Louis Hughes (1832–1913), African-American man who escaped slavery, author, and businessman<ref name="louis_hughes">Template:Cite web</ref>
  • Lovisa von Burghausen (1698–1733), Swedish writer who published an account of being enslaved in Russia after being taken prisoner during the Great Northern War.
  • Lucius Agermus, freedman of Agrippina the Elder.<ref>Daniel Odgen, Magic, Witchcraft, and Ghosts In The Greek and Roman Worlds, p. 166, Template:ISBN</ref>
  • Lucius Aurelius Hermia, a freedman butcher whose tombstone glorifies his marriage with his fellow freedwoman Aurelia Philematium.<ref>Fantham, et al., Women in the Classical World, pp. 319–20</ref>
  • Lucius Cancrius Primigenius, a freedman of Clemens in an inscription praising him for breaking spells against the city.<ref>Daniel Ogden "Binding Spells" p. 70 Witchcraft and Magic in Europe: Ancient Greece and Rome, edited by Bengt Ankarloo and Stuart Clark Template:ISBN</ref>
  • Lucius of Campione, who lost a lawsuit in the 8th century over a man Toto's claimed ownership of him.<ref>Chris Wickham, The Inheritance of Rome, pp. 203–4, Template:ISBN</ref>
  • Lucy, the black woman enslaved by John Lang. She was taken captive by the Creek when 12 years old and kept in slavery in Creek territory, where she had slave children and grandchildren.<ref>Snyder, Slavery in Indian Country, p. 182</ref>
  • Lucy Ann (Berry) Delaney (1830–1891), formerly-enslaved woman, daughter of Polly Berry.
  • Lucy Higgs Nichols (1838–1915), escaped slavery, served as a nurse in the Civil War, member of the Grand Army of the Republic.
  • Lucy Terry (Template:Circa 1733–1821), Kidnapped in Africa and enslaved, she was taken to the British colony of Rhode Island. She later gained freedom and became a poet.
  • Luís Gama (1830–1882), born free in Brazil, illegally sold into slavery as a child, he regained liberty as an adult and became a lawyer who freed hundreds from slavery without asking for recompense, notably in the Netto Case.
  • Lunsford Lane (1803–after 1870), an enslaved African-American man and entrepreneur from North Carolina who bought freedom for himself and his family. He also wrote a slave narrative.
  • Lyde, an enslaved woman freed by Roman empress Livia.<ref>Sarah B. Pomeroy, Goddesses, Whores, Wives, and Slaves, p. 198, Template:ISBN</ref>
  • Lydia, an enslaved woman who was shot and wounded by her captor when she struggled to escape a whipping. The action was ruled legal by the Supreme Court of North Carolina in 1830 (see North Carolina v. Mann).
  • Lydia Carter, the "Little Osage Captive," captured and enslaved among the Cherokee. She was ransomed by Lydia Carter, who made her her namesake. The Osage attempted to reclaim her, but she took ill and died.<ref>Snyder, Slavery in Indian Country, pp. 174–5</ref>
  • Lydia Polite, mother of Robert Smalls.

M

File:Михаил Щепкин.jpg
Mikhail Shchepkin
  • Mikhail Shchepkin (1788–1863), Russian serf actor.
  • Mikhail Shibanov, Russian serf painter active during the 1780s.
  • Mikhail Tikhanov (1789–1862), Russian serf artist.
  • Mina Kolokolnikov (1708?–1775?), Russian serf painter and teacher.
  • Mingo, the 15–16 years old boy enslaved by the Titsworth family in Tennessee, who was captured in 1794 by Creeks in a raid on the house and kept as a slave by them.<ref name="snyder1334">Christina Snyder, Slavery in Indian Country: The Changing Face of Captivity in Early America, pp. 133–4, Template:ISBN</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
  • Minerva (Anderson) Breedlove, mother of Madam C.J. Walker.
  • Moses A. Hopkins (1846–1886), African-American diplomat, U.S. minister to Liberia.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
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Muhammad el-Attaz

N

O

  • Oenomaus, a Gallic gladiator and one of the leaders of rebellious slaves during the Third Servile War.
  • Olaudah Equiano (Template:Circa 1745–1797), also known as Gustavus Vassa, a prominent African-British author and figure in the abolitionist cause whose birthplace is heavily contested.
File:Uncle Marian - crop & levels.jpg
Omar ibn Said
  • Omar ibn Said (1770–1864), a writer and Islamic scholar from Senegal who was enslaved and transported to the United States in 1807, where he spent the rest of his life enslaved.
  • Onesimus, a slave of Philemon of Colossae who ran away and, having met St. Paul, was converted by him. Paul sent him back to the Christian Philemon with a letter, which is the Epistle to Philemon. Ignatius of Antioch mentions an Onesimus as Bishop of Ephesus in the early 2nd century, but it is not certain that these are the same men.
  • Onesimus, a slave in colonial Boston who was instrumental in spreading knowledge about inoculation against smallpox.
  • Onesimos Nesib (Template:Circa 1856–1931), an Ethiopian bought out of slavery by Swedish missionaries when he was a boy. He went on to work with another former slave Aster Ganno to translate the Bible into the Oromo language.
  • Oney Judge (1773–1848), enslaved by the family of Martha Washington, and then by the First Lady herself, Judge worked at Mount Vernon and elsewhere as a personal servant to Martha Washington until she escaped in 1796 to Portsmouth New Hampshire.
File:Hosmanus Imperatoris Ibrahim Filivs (1707, cropped).jpg
Osman

P

  • Pallas, secretary to Roman emperor Claudius.
  • Pasion, an enslaved Athenian man and banker.<ref name="garlan70"/> Late in life, he received the rare honor for a freedman of citizenship.<ref name="garlan83">Yvon Garlan, Slavery in Ancient Greece, p. 83, Template:ISBN</ref>
  • Pata Seca (real name Roque José Florêncio), born in Angola in 1828, captured and brought to Brazil as a slave, was a very tall, muscular and strong man: 2m18 tall and over 140 kgs weight. He was forced to work as a breeding slave, fathering over 200 children. When slavery was abolished in Brazil in 1888, he received a plot of land, where he lived out his life with his wife and 9 children.
  • Saint Patrick, abducted from Britain, enslaved in Ireland, escaped to Britain, returned to Ireland as a missionary.<ref>{{#if:||{{#if:St. Patrick||}} }}{{#if:|One or more of the preceding sentences|This article}} incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: {{#invoke:template wrapper|{{#if:|list|wrap}}|_template=cite Catholic Encyclopedia
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Petar Želalić
  • Petar Želalić (Template:Circa 1731–1811), Montenegrin slave on board the Ottoman ship Corona Ottomana who led a successful revolt in 1760. He later became a corsair in Hospitaller Malta.
  • Pete and Hannah Byrne, freed slaves of the Napoleon Bonaparte Byrne family which traveled from Missouri to California overland (a six-month journey) in 1859, leaving the farm in Missouri and bringing six adults (including Pete & Hannah), the four Byrne children and a herd of cattle and settling in Berkeley, California. Pete and Hannah are considered the first blacks living in Berkeley and among the first African-Americans in California.<ref>Pettitt, George A. Berkeley: The Town and Gown of It. P. 34, 37.</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
  • Peter Salem (c. 1750–1816), African American born into slavery in Massachusetts, served as a soldier in the American Revolutionary War
  • Petronia Justa, a woman in Herculaneum who sued her owner claiming to have been born after her mother's emancipation; the records of the lawsuit were preserved by the eruption of Vesuvius.<ref>Sarah B. Pomeroy, Goddesses, Whores, Wives, and Slaves, p. 197, Template:ISBN</ref>
  • Phaedo of Elis, captured in war, enslaved in Athens and forced into prostitution,<ref>Diogenes Laërtius, ii. 105</ref> became a pupil of Socrates who had him freed, gave his name to one of Plato's dialogues, Phaedo and became a famous philosopher in his own right.
  • Phaedrus (c. 15 BCE–c. 50 CE), Roman fabulist.
  • Phillis (died 1755), a Massachusetts woman enslaved by Captain John Codman. Convicted in the successful plot to poison her owner as she and her fellow enslaved "found the rigid discipline of their master unendurable",<ref name="celebrateboston.com"/> Phillis was burned to death in 1755.
  • Phillis Wheatley (1753–1784?), Colonial American poet, the second published African-American poet and first published African-American woman.
  • Phoebe, an enslaved woman who sued for her freedom in Tennessee, along with her sons Davy and Tom, claiming to be the descendants of an enslaved Indian woman whose sister and other relatives had proven that they were wrongly enslaved.<ref>Ariela J. Gross, What Blood Won't Tell: A History of Race on Trial in America, pp. 25–6, Template:ISBN</ref>
  • Philocrates, enslaved by 2nd-century BCE Roman reformer Gaius Gracchus. He remained at his master's side when Gracchus was fleeing from his enemies, forsaken by everybody else. Arriving at a grove sacred to the Furies, Philocrates first assisted Gracchus in his suicide before taking his own life, though some rumors held that Philocrates was only killed after he refused to let go of his master's body.
  • Phormion, an enslaved Athenian man and banker.<ref name="garlan70"/> Late in life, he received the rare honor for a freedman of citizenship.<ref name="garlan83"/>
  • Pierre d'Espagnac, sometimes Pierre d'Espagnal (1650–1689) was a French Jesuit missionary, enslaved by the Siamese.
  • Pope Pius I (died Template:Circa 154), the Bishop of Rome from about 140 to about 154, during the reign of Roman emperor Antoninus Pius. He was the brother of the freedman Hermas and therefore likely to have been a former slave himself, though that is not mentioned explicitly in the scant records of his life.
  • Pleasant Richardson, escaped slavery and became a Union soldier and property owner in Fincastle, Virginia.
  • Polly Berry, also known as Polly Crockett and Polly Wash, won an 1843 freedom suit in St. Louis, Missouri and also gained the freedom of her daughter Lucy Ann Berry.
  • Polly Strong, the subject of the 1820 Indiana Supreme Court case Polly v. Lasselle, which resulted in all slaves held within Indiana to be freed.
  • Politoria, the subject of a lead curse tablet in ancient Rome; it was a curse on Clodia Valeria Sophrone, that she should not get Politoria into her power. She appears to have been a slave-courtesan who feared being sent to the brothel.<ref>Daniel Ogden "Binding Spells" pp 67–8 Witchcraft and Magic in Europe: Ancient Greece and Rome, edited by Bengt Ankarloo and Stuart Clark Template:ISBN</ref>
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Praskovia Kovalyova-Zhemchugova

Q

R

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Roustam Raza

S

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Silas Chandler (right) and his owner, Sergeant A.M. Chandler (left)
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Solomon Northup
  • Solomon Northup (1807–Template:Circa 1863),<ref>Template:Cite encyclopedia</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref> a farmer, professional violinist, and free-born black man from New York who was lured to Washington, D.C., where slavery was legal, kidnapped, and sold in the South. He remained enslaved in Louisiana from 1841 until he was rescued and liberated in 1853. Author of Twelve Years a Slave.
  • Solomon Flores, enslaved man from northern Alabama.
  • Sosias the Thracian, an enslaved Athenian man, and later freedman, enslaved by Nicias, who later leased him a thousand slaves for his mining operation.<ref name="garlan70"/>
File:Tod des Spartacus by Hermann Vogel.jpg
The Death of Spartacus by Hermann Vogel (1882)
  • Spartacus (c. 111–71 BCE), a gladiator and rebel leader during the Servile Revolt.
  • Spendius, a Campanian who escaped slavery and served as a Carthaginian mercenary during the First Punic War and then as a general in the Mercenary War against Carthage.<ref>Richard Miles, Carthage Must Be Destroyed: The Rise and Fall of an Ancient Civilization, p. 203, Template:ISBN</ref>
  • Stefan Holnicki (died after 1797), Polish serf and Royal Ballet Dancer, donated to the king of Poland by will and testament.<ref name="ReferenceA"/>
  • Stephen Bishop (c. 1821–1857), an enslaved mixed-race man in Kentucky known for being one of the first explorers and guides of Mammoth Cave.
  • Sue, a black woman enslaved by James Brown, who was captured along with several members of the Brown family and other slaves by Chickamaugas. When the warrior who had captured her threatened another captive, the other captor threatened to kill Sue in retribution.<ref>Christina Snyder, Slavery in Indian Country: The Changing Face of Captivity in Early America, p. 153, Template:ISBN</ref> James' son Joseph later kidnapped Sue and her children and grandchildren—eight in all—in retribution for his captivity.<ref>Christina Snyder, Slavery in Indian Country: The Changing Face of Captivity in Early America, p. 154, Template:ISBN</ref>
  • Suhayb ar-Rumi (born Template:Circa 587), also known as Suhayb ibn Sinan, enslaved in childhood in the Byzantine Empire, escaped as a young man to Mecca and went on to become an esteemed companion of Muhammad and revered member of the early Muslim community.
  • Sumayyah bint Khayyat (550–615), a woman enslaved in Mecca and one of the first seven converts to Islam made by the Prophet Muhammad in his early career. She was tortured and killed by enemies of the new faith, becoming the first Muslim Shahid.
  • Squanto (1585–1622), also known as Tisquantum, a Native American of what is now coastal Massachusetts who was captured by English pirates and sold as a slave. He was later freed and returned to New England, where he met the Pilgrims of the Mayflower in 1621.
  • Subh of Cordoba (940–999), an enslaved concubine of a Caliph and mother and regent of the next Caliph of Cordoba in the 10th century.
  • Suk-bin Choe (1670–1718), consort of Sukjong of Joseon and mother of Yeongjo of Joseon.
  • Surya Devi (died 715), Indian princess, enslaved by Caliph Sulayman ibn Abd al-Malik.

T

File:Taras Shevchenko selfportrait oil 1840-2.jpg
Taras Shevchenko
  • Taras Shevchenko (1814–1861) Ukrainian poet, artist and illustrator born in a family of serfs. His artist friends bought his freedom in 1838.
File:T.V.Shlykova-Granatova by N.Argunov (1789, Kuskovo).jpg
Tatyana Shlykova
File:Portrait of Terence from Vaticana, Vat. lat.jpg
Terence
  • Terence (Template:Circa 195/185–Template:Circa 159 BCE), full name Publius Terentius Afer, Roman playwright and comic poet who wrote before and possibly after his freedom.
  • Tiberius Claudius Narcissus (died Template:Circa 54 AD), freedman who was secretary to Roman emperor Claudius.
  • Tituba (Template:Fl.), a Native American woman who was enslaved by Samuel Parris of Danvers, Massachusetts. She was the first person accused of practicing witchcraft during the Salem witch trials.<ref>Breslaw, E.G. (1996). Tituba, Reluctant Witch of Salem Devilish Indians and Puritan Fantasies. New York New York University Press. Template:ISBN.</ref>
  • Tomás Ortega, an enslaved man in colonial Mexico who attempted to marry Leonor de Mendoza, a woman enslaved by another master. When that man imprisoned Tomás, Leonor appealed to a church court for assistance, and it threatened excommunication if he did not free Tomás.<ref name="seed82"/>
  • Titus Kent (1733–18??), enslaved by the Samuel Kent family in Suffield, Connecticut. He was owned by Samuel Kent, who lived 1698–1772; Samuel Kent's 1772 probate recorded that Titus was bequeathed Samuel Kent's son, Elihu Kent. American Revolutionary War records indicate that Titus served in different regiments from 1775 to 1783.
  • Toussaint L'Ouverture (1743–1803), a freedman who led the slave revolt that led to the independence of Haiti.
  • Tula (died 1795), a leader of the Curaçao Slave Revolt of 1795.
  • Turgut Reis (1485–1565), also known as Dragut, a well-known admiral of the Ottoman Navy of the 16th century who was captured by the Genoese at Corsica and forced to work as a galley slave for nearly four years. He was finally rescued by his fellow admiral Barbarossa, who laid siege to Genoa and secured Turgut Reis' release for the prodigious ransom of 3,500 gold ducats. Thereupon, Turgut Reis resumed his naval career (which included the enslavement of various other people).
  • Turhan Sultan (Template:Circa 1627–1683) was Haseki Sultan of the Ottoman sultan Ibrahim (reign 1640–1648) and Valide sultan as the mother of Mehmed IV (reign 1648–1687).

U

V

File:Tropinin-self.jpg
Vasily Tropinin
  • Vasily Tropinin (1776–1857), Russian serf painter.
  • Venture Smith (1729–1805), an African captured as a child and transported to the American colonies as a slave. When an adult, he purchased his freedom and that of his familyTemplate:Snd his wife Meg and their children Hannah, Solomon and Cuff. His history was documented and published by a schoolteacher, to whom he talked in his old age.
  • Venus Vance (died Template:Circa 1850), an enslaved American woman who lived and worked on the plantation of Mira Margaret Baird Vance.
  • The Vestmenn ("West Men" in Old Norse, referring to the Irish) were a group of Irish slaves brought to Iceland by Hjörleifr Hróðmarsson, one of the early Norse settlers there. He treated them badly, and they killed him and escaped to a group of offshore islands. Ingólfur Arnarson, Hjörleifur's blood brother, tracked the escaped slaves and killed them all. Though their individual names are unknown, their memory lives on in Icelandic geography, the islands where they sought refuge being known up to the present as "Vestmannaeyjar": "Islands of the West Men" (i.e. of the Irish).
File:Vincent de Paul.PNG
Vincent de Paul
  • Vincent de Paul (1581–1660), a French priest who is venerated as a saint in the Catholic Church. He was taken captive by Turkish pirates, sold into slavery, and freed in 1607.<ref>{{#if:||{{#if:St. Vincent de Paul||}} }}{{#if:|One or more of the preceding sentences|This article}} incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: {{#invoke:template wrapper|{{#if:|list|wrap}}|_template=cite Catholic Encyclopedia
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  • Vindicius, an ancient Roman slave who discovered Tarquin's plot to regain power.
  • Vibia Calybeni, a freedwoman of the late Roman Empire who unusually named herself as a madam on her tombstone.<ref>Elaine Fantham, Helene Peet Foley, Natalie Boymel Kampen, Sarah B. Pomeroy, H. A. Shapiro, Women in the Classical World p. 380, Template:ISBN</ref>
  • Virginia Boyd, an enslaved American woman whose letter to R.C. Ballard, pleading not to be sold with her children among strangers, has been preserved. Ballard had undertaken to have her sold at the request of Judge Samuel Boyd, the children's father, to hide her existence from his family.
  • Violet Ludlow, an American woman sold into slavery several times despite her claims to be a free white woman.<ref name="tenzer">Template:Cite web</ref>
  • Virginia Demetricia (1842–after 1867), an enslaved Aruban known as a heroine of resistance against enslavement.
  • Vitalis, ancient enslaved Roman. An epigraph describes an enslaved boy, Iucundus, as the son of Gryphus and Vitalis.<ref name="ogden119">Daniel Odgen, Magic, Witchcraft, and Ghosts In The Greek and Roman Worlds, p. 119, Template:ISBN</ref>
  • Volumnia Cytheris, an enslaved and later freedwoman in ancient Rome. An actress and courtesan, her lovers included Brutus, Mark Antony, and Cornelius Gallus; her rejection of Gallus provided the theme for Virgil's tenth Eclogue.<ref>Sarah B. Pomeroy, Goddesses, Whores, Wives, and Slaves, pp. 198–9, Template:ISBN</ref>

W

File:Wes Brady, ex-slave, Marshall edited.jpg
Wes Brady

X

  • Xenon, an enslaved Athenian man and banker.<ref name="garlan70"/>
  • Xing was the primary primary spouse of Gaozong, the brother of Qinzong, Chinese Emperor of the Song Dynasty. In 1127, the capital of Kaifeng was captured by the Jurchen during the Jin–Song Wars, and Xing was among more than 3000 people captured and exiled to Manchuria in what was called the Jingkang Incident. Xing was among The Imperial consorts, concubines, palace women and eunuchs who were captured, and distributed among the Jurchen as slaves.<ref>Patricia Buckley Ebrey: Emperor Huizong</ref> Xing's husband Gaozong, who avoided capture, became the new Emperor and declared Xing Empress in absentia, but was unable to get her free. She remained in captivity where she was coveted by her captors, attempted suicide to escape abuse but failed, and she died in captivity in 1139.<ref>Lily Xiao Hong Lee, Sue Wiles: Biographical Dictionary of Chinese Women, Volume II: Tang Through Ming 618 - 1644</ref>

Y

  • Yaqut al-Hamawi (1179–1229), an Arab biographer and geographer known for his encyclopedic writings on the Muslim world. He was sold into slavery in 12th-century Syria and taken to Baghdad, but was provided with a good education and later freed.
  • Yasār (7th century), a Christian man who had been captured in a campaign of Khalid ibn al-Walid, a companion of Muhammad. Yasār was taken to Medina and became the slave of Qays ibn Makhrama ibn al-Muṭṭalib ibn ʿAbd Manāf ibn Quṣayy. He accepted Islam, was manumitted and became his mawlā, thus acquiring the nisbat al-Muṭṭalibī. He had three sonsTemplate:Snd Mūsā, ʿAbd al-Raḥmān, and Isḥāq. His grandson, Ibn Ishaq, became an important early Arab historian.
  • Yasuke, a 16th-century African man who traveled to Japan in the service of Jesuit missionary Alessandro Valignano. Given to Oda Nobunaga, Yasuke became a confident of the daimyō and given official status as a trusted retainer.
  • York (1770–before 1832), an African-American man enslaved by William Clark, who was part of the Lewis and Clark Expedition.

Z

File:Vera Effigies Turcorvm Imperatoris Ibrahim Filii, Et Sultanæ, Eiusdem Matris (1707).jpg
Zafire Hatun
  • Zafire Hatun (Template:Circa 1620s–1645/1646), slave of probable Georgian or Russian origin in the Ottoman Imperial Harem.<ref name="kenan-somel2021">Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref> After being captured in a naval battle in 1644, she was briefly a slave of the Knights Hospitaller on Malta, until her possible identity as the favourite of sultan Ibrahim and the mother of his son was revealed and she was released by Giovanni Paolo Lascaris.<ref name="times2019-07-07"/>
  • Zalmoxis, a Dacian who was enslaved by Pythagoras on the island of Samos, according to Herodotus. Zalmoxis learned philosophy from his owner and other wise Greeks. Eventually he was liberated, gathered huge wealth and went back to his homeland, where he converted the Thracians to his beliefs, was greatly venerated for his wisdom and in later generations became worshiped as a god.<ref>Daniel Odgen, Magic, Witchcraft, and Ghosts In The Greek and Roman Worlds, p. 11, Template:ISBN</ref>
  • Zayd ibn Haritha (c. 581–629), given to Muhammad's wife Khadijah, freed, adopted, and became known as Zayd ibn Muhammad.
  • Ziryab (789–857), also known as Abul-Hasan Alí Ibn Nafí, a Muslim singer, musician, and polymath known for introducing the crop asparagus to Europe.
  • Zoe (died 127), slave in Pamphylia, Roman Anatolia and a Christian martyr. She and her family were killed for refusing to participate in pagan rites when their son was born.<ref name="Exuperius"/>
File:Zofia Clavone.jpg
Zofia Potocka

See also

Template:Portal

References

Template:Reflist

Template:Slave narrative

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