Near-open front unrounded vowel
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Template:Short description Template:Infobox IPA Template:IPA vowels
The near-open front unrounded vowel, or near-low front unrounded vowel,<ref>Template:Vowel terminology</ref> is a type of vowel sound. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is Template:Angbr IPA, a lowercase of the Template:Angbr ligature. Both the symbol and the sound are commonly referred to as "ash".
The rounded counterpart of Template:IPA, the near-open front rounded vowel (for which the IPA provides no separate symbol) has been reported to occur allophonically in Danish;<ref name="gr100">Template:Harvcoltxt</ref><ref>Template:Harvcoltxt</ref> see open front rounded vowel for more information.
In practice, Template:Angbr IPA is sometimes used to represent the open front unrounded vowel; see the introduction to that page for more information.
In IPA transcriptions of Hungarian and Valencian, this vowel is typically written with Template:Angbr IPA.
Features
Template:Near-open vowel Template:Front vowel Template:Unrounded vowel
Occurrence
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Afrikaans | Standard<ref>Template:Harvcoltxt</ref> | Template:Lang | Template:IPA | 'horse' | Allophone of Template:IPA, in some dialects, before Template:IPA. See Afrikaans phonology |
| Äiwoo | ikuwä | [ikuwæ] | 'I go' | Distinguished from both [a] and [ɑ~ɒ]. | |
| Arabic | Standard<ref>Template:Harvcoltxt</ref> | Template:Lang (kitāb) | Template:IPA | 'book' | Allophone of Template:IPA in the environment of plain labial and coronal consonants as well as Template:IPA (depending on the speaker's accent). See Arabic phonology |
| Azerbaijani | Template:Lang | Template:IPA | 'Azerbaijan' | ||
| Bambam<ref>Template:Harvcoltxt</ref> | bätä | Template:IPA | 'stem' | ||
| Bashkir<ref>Template:Harvcoltxt</ref> | Template:Lang (yäy) | Template:Audio-IPA | 'summer' | ||
| Bengali<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> | Template:Lang/bêṅ | Template:IPA | 'frog' | Also pronounced as Template:IPA. See Bengali phonology | |
| Bulgarian | Moesian dialects | Template:Lang (mlečen) | Template:IPA | 'made from milk' | Descendant of Proto-Slavic *ě in places where Standard Bulgarian would have /Template:IPAlink/. See Yat. |
| Rup dialects | Descendant of Proto-Slavic *ě in all positions. See Yat. | ||||
| Teteven dialect | Template:Lang (măž) | Template:IPA | 'man' | In place of Standard Bulgarian [[[:Template:IPAlink]]] (written as ъ). | |
| Erkech dialect | |||||
| Catalan | Majorcan (some speakers)Template:Sfnp | Template:Lang | Template:IPA | 'bag' | Majorcan /a/-fronting. See Catalan phonology |
| ValencianTemplate:SfnpTemplate:Sfnp and some Catalan dialects (some speakers) | Template:Lang | Template:IPA | 'ray' | Palatal variant of Template:IPA. It can be more open (Template:IPAblink). See Catalan phonology | |
| Template:Lang | Template:IPA | 'table' | Final unstressed Template:IPA found in some speakers. Can be realized as (un)rounded and further back. See Catalan phonology | ||
| Balearic (except Ibizan)Template:SfnpTemplate:Sfnp | Template:Lang | Template:IPA | 'thesis' | Main realization of Template:IPA. More open and centralized before liquids and in monosyllabics. See Catalan phonology | |
| Valencian (general pronunciation)Template:SfnpTemplate:Sfnp | |||||
| Chechen | Template:Lang (Template:Lang) | Template:IPA | 'eagle' | ||
| Danish | Standard<ref name="gr100"/><ref>Template:Harvcoltxt</ref> | Template:Lang | Template:IPA | 'Danish' | Most often transcribed in IPA with Template:IPAalink – the way it is realized by certain older or upper-class speakers.<ref>Template:Harvcoltxt</ref> See Danish phonology |
| Dutch<ref>Template:Harvcoltxt</ref> | Template:Lang | Template:IPA | 'pen' | Allophone of Template:IPA before Template:IPA and coda Template:IPA. In non-standard accents this allophone is generalized to other positions, where Template:IPAblink is used in Standard Dutch.<ref>Template:Harvcoltxt</ref> See Dutch phonology | |
| English | Cultivated New Zealand<ref>Template:Harvcoltxt</ref> | cat | Template:Audio-IPA | 'cat' | Higher in other New Zealand varieties. See New Zealand English phonology |
| General American<ref>Template:Harvcoltxt</ref> | See English phonology | ||||
| Conservative Received Pronunciation<ref name="gimson">Template:Harvcoltxt</ref> | Fully open Template:IPAblink in contemporary RP.<ref name="gimson"/> See English phonology | ||||
| Estonian<ref name="asuteras">Template:Harvcoltxt</ref> | Template:Lang | Template:IPA | 'agile' | Near-front.<ref name="asuteras"/> See Estonian phonology | |
| Finnish<ref>Template:Harvcoltxt</ref> | Template:Lang | Template:IPA | 'hill' | See Finnish phonology | |
| French | Parisian<ref>Template:Harvcoltxt</ref> | Template:Lang | Template:IPA | 'bath' | Nasalized; typically transcribed in IPA with Template:Angbr IPA. See French phonology |
| Quebec<ref name="wal75">Template:Harvcoltxt</ref> | Template:Lang | Template:IPA | 'worm' | Allophone of Template:IPA before Template:IPA or in open syllables, and of Template:IPA in closed syllables.<ref name="wal75"/> See Quebec French phonology | |
| German | Standard Austrian<ref name="moos">Template:Harvcoltxt</ref> | Template:Lang | Template:IPA | 'allow' | Variant of pretonic Template:IPAblink.<ref name="moos"/> See Standard German phonology |
| West Central German accents<ref name="dud40">Template:Harvcoltxt</ref> | Template:Lang | Template:IPA | 'or' | Used instead of Template:IPAblink.<ref name="dud40"/> See Standard German phonology | |
| Northern accents<ref name="dud64">Template:Harvcoltxt</ref> | Template:Lang | Template:IPA | 'everything' | Lower and often also more back in other accents.<ref name="dud64"/> See Standard German phonology | |
| Western Swiss accents<ref>Template:Harvcoltxt</ref> | Template:Lang | Template:IPA | 'late' | Open-mid Template:IPAblink or close-mid Template:IPAblink in other accents; contrasts with the open-mid Template:IPAslink.<ref>Template:Harvcoltxt</ref> See Standard German phonology | |
| Greek | Macedonia<ref name="Newton">Template:Harvcoltxt</ref> | Template:Lang (gáta) | Template:IPA | 'cat' | See Modern Greek phonology |
| Thessaly<ref name="Newton"/> | |||||
| Thrace<ref name="Newton"/> | |||||
| Pontic<ref>Template:Harvcoltxt</ref> | Template:Nowrap | Template:IPA | 'baskets' | ||
| Hungarian<ref>Template:Harvcoltxt</ref> | Template:Lang | Template:IPA | 'no' | Typically transcribed in IPA with Template:Angbr IPA. See Hungarian phonology | |
| Kanoê<ref>Template:Harvcoltxt</ref> | Template:Example needed | Template:IPA | 'tobacco' | ||
| Kazakh | Template:Lang (äiel) | Template:IPA | 'woman' | Varies between near-open and open-mid. | |
| Kurdish | Sorani (Central) | Template:Lang (galte) | Template:IPA | 'joke' | Equal to Palewani (Southern) front Template:IPAblink. See Kurdish phonology |
| Lakon<ref>Template:Harvcoltxt</ref> | Template:Lang | Template:IPA | 'evening' | ||
| Limburgish<ref name="ga159">Template:Harvcoltxt</ref><ref name="pet119">Template:Harvcoltxt</ref><ref name="ver221">Template:Harvcoltxt</ref> | Template:Lang | Template:IPA | 'twelve' | Front<ref name="pet119"/><ref name="ver221"/> or near-front,<ref name="ga159"/> depending on the dialect. The example word is from the Maastrichtian dialect, in which the vowel is near-front. | |
| Lithuanian | Template:Lang | Template:IPA | 'yacht' (accusative) | See Lithuanian phonology | |
| Low Saxon | Including Sallandic | Template:Lang | Template:IPA | 'glasses' | |
| Luxembourgish<ref>Template:Harvcoltxt</ref> | Template:Lang | Template:IPA | 'heads' | See Luxembourgish phonology | |
| Norwegian | Urban East<ref>Template:Harvcoltxt</ref><ref>Template:Harvcoltxt</ref> | Template:Lang | Template:IPA | 'leather' | See Norwegian phonology |
| Persian<ref name="ipa_handbook">Majidi & Ternes (1991)</ref><ref>Template:Harvcoltxt</ref> | Template:Lang (hašt) | [hæʃt] | 'eight' | ||
| Portuguese | Some dialects<ref>Portuguese: A Linguistic Introduction – by Milton M. Azevedo Page 186.</ref> | Template:Lang | Template:IPA | 'stone' | Stressed vowel. In other dialects closer Template:IPAslink. See Portuguese phonology |
| Some European speakers<ref>Lista das marcas dialetais e outros fenómenos de variação (fonética e fonológica) identificados nas amostras do Arquivo Dialetal do CLUP Template:In lang</ref> | Template:Lang | Template:IPA | 'also' | Stressed vowel, allophone of nasal vowel Template:IPA. | |
| Romanian | Bukovinian dialectTemplate:Sfnp | Template:Lang | Template:IPA | 'skin' | Corresponds to Template:IPA in standard Romanian. Also identified in some Central Transylvanian sub-dialects.Template:Sfnp See Romanian phonology |
| Russian<ref>Template:Harvcoltxt</ref><ref>Template:Harvcoltxt</ref> | Template:Lang (pjatʹ) | Template:Audio-IPA | 'five' | Allophone of Template:IPA between palatalized consonants. See Russian phonology | |
| Serbo-Croatian | Zeta-Raška dialectTemplate:Sfn | Template:Lang / Template:Lang | Template:IPA | 'day' | Regional reflex of Proto-Slavic *ь and *ъ. Sometimes nasalised.Template:Sfn |
| Sinhala<ref>Template:Harvcoltxt</ref> | ඇය (æya) | Template:IPA | 'she' | ||
| Slovak | Template:Lang | Template:IPA | 'meat, flesh' | In conversation sometimes pronounced as Template:IPA or Template:IPA. See Slovak phonology | |
| Swedish | Central Standard<ref name="Eliasson273">Template:Harvcoltxt</ref><ref name="thoren15">Template:Harvcoltxt</ref><ref name="Riad38">Template:Harvcoltxt</ref> | Template:Lang | Template:Audio-IPA | 'hono(u)r' | Allophone of Template:IPA before Template:IPA. See Swedish phonology |
| Stockholm<ref name="Riad38"/> | Template:Lang | Template:IPA | 'to read' | Realization of Template:IPA for younger speakers. Higher Template:IPA for other speakers | |
| Turkish<ref name="gk10">Template:Harvcoltxt</ref> | Template:Lang | Template:IPA | 'you' | Allophone of Template:IPA before syllable-final Template:IPA. In a limited number of words (but not before Template:IPA), it is in free variation with Template:IPAblink.<ref name="gk10"/> See Turkish phonology | |
See also
Notes
References
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