North Yemen

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Template:Short description Template:Expand Arabic Template:Use mdy dates Template:For-multi {{#invoke:Infobox|infoboxTemplate |templatestyles = Template:Infobox country/styles.css | bodyclass = ib-country vcard | aboveclass = adr | above = {{#if:North YemenTemplate:Langx
al-Yaman al-šamāliyy 

    | {{#if:North Yemen

|

North Yemen
       }}{{#if:Template:Langx
al-Yaman al-šamāliyy

|

Template:Br separated entries
              }}{{#ifeq:|yes
              |Micronation
       }}

|

Template:PAGENAMEBASE

}}

| subheader = {{#if: | {{{life_span}}} | {{#if:1918|1918{{#if:1990|–1990 }} }} }}

| image1 = {{#if:File:Coat of arms of the kingdom of Yemen (1956-1962).svg
File:Coat of arms of Yemen Arab Republic (1974–1990).svgFlag of the Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen.svgFlag of the Yemen Arab Republic.svg 

 |Template:Infobox country/imagetable }}

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{{{englishmotto}}}

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السلام الوطني
(Royal Salute) (1918–1970)Template:Center
Peace to the Land (1962–1978)Template:Center
إرادة أمة
Template:Transliteration
"A Nation's Will" (1978–1990) Template:Center
       |Anthems: 
السلام الوطني
(Royal Salute) (1918–1970)Template:Center
Peace to the Land (1962–1978)Template:Center
إرادة أمة
Template:Transliteration
"A Nation's Will" (1978–1990) Template:Center
       }}{{#if:
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Royal anthem: {{{royal_anthem}}}
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Flag anthem: {{{flag_anthem}}}
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State anthem: {{{state_anthem}}}
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March: {{{march}}}
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|{{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image=Map of North Yemen in the Arabian Peninsula (1923).svg|size=|alt=|title=Map of the Kingdom of Yemen before 1934 }}{{#if:Map of the Kingdom of Yemen before 1934|

Map of the Kingdom of Yemen before 1934

}} }}

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on the Arabian Peninsula after shrinking in 1934. }}{{#if:Location of North Yemen
on the Arabian Peninsula after shrinking in 1934.|

Location of North Yemen
on the Arabian Peninsula after shrinking in 1934.

}} }}

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Member of the United Nations (1947–1990)
Member of the United Arab States (1958–1961)|Template:Infobox country/status text }}

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}}}}|capital |

and largest city
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| label24 = {{#if:Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen (1918–1970)
Yemen Arab Republic (1962–1990)

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| data24 = Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen (1918–1970)
Yemen Arab Republic (1962–1990)

Template:Collapsible list

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Yemen Arab Republic (1962–1990)

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• 

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• Cadastre

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| label122 = Antipodes | data122=

| label123 = Date format | data123=


| label126= {{#if:967 

   |{{#ifexist:Telephone numbers in North Yemen; Yemen-Sanaa
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              | Calling code
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  }}

| data126= 967

| label127= ISO 3166 code | data127= {{#switch: 

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| label128= Internet TLD | data128=

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|

Website
{{{official_website}}}
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| data130= {{#if:North Yemen in its region.svg

| {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image=North Yemen in its region.svg|size=|alt=|title=Location of North Yemen; Yemen-Sanaa }}{{#if:Map of the Yemen Arab Republic|

Map of the Yemen Arab Republic

}} 

 }}

| data134 = {{#if:Yemen VilayetYemen 

             |Template:Infobox country/formernext

}}

| label135 = Today part of | data135 = Yemen

| data136 = {{#if:

|

    {{#if:|
  1. }}{{#if:|
  2. }}{{#if:|
  3. }}{{#if:|
  4. }}{{#if:|
  5. }}{{#if:|
  6. }}{{#if:|
  7. }}{{#if:|
  8. }}

}}

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|

    {{#if:|
  1. }}{{#if:|
  2. }}{{#if:|
  3. }}{{#if:|
  4. }}{{#if:|
  5. }}{{#if:|
  6. }}{{#if:|
  7. }}{{#if:|
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{{{footnotes}}}{{#if:|
{{{footnotes2}}}}}

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| belowclass = mergedtoprow noprint | below = {{#if:| Template:Navbar }} }}{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown=Template:Main other|preview=Page using Template:Infobox country with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| admin_center_type | admin_center | alt_coat | alt_flag | alt_flag2 | alt_map | alt_map2 | alt_map3 | alt_symbol | anthem | anthems | antipodes | area_acre | area_data2 | area_data3 | area_footnote | area_ha | area_km2 | area_label | area_label2 | area_label3 | area_land_acre | area_land_footnote | area_land_ha | area_land_km2 | area_land_sq_mi | area_link | area_rank | area_sq_mi | area_water_acre | area_water_footnote | area_water_ha | area_water_km2 | area_water_sq_mi | regexp1 = border_[ps][%d]+ | calling_code | capital_exile | capital_type | capital | cctld | coa_size | coat_alt | common_languages | common_name | conventional_long_name | coordinates | currency_code | currency | date_end | regexp2 = date_event[%d]+ | date_format | date_post | date_pre | date_start | demonym | regexp3 = deputy[%d]+ | drives_on | DST_note | DST | empire | englishmotto | era | regexp4 = established_date[%d]+ | regexp5 = established_event[%d]+ | established | ethnic_groups_ref | ethnic_groups_year | ethnic_groups | event_end | event_post | event_pre | event_start | regexp6 = event[%d]+ | flag| flag_alt | flag_alt2 | flag_border | flag_caption | flag_caption | regexp7 = flag_[ps][%d]+ | flag_size | flag_type | flag_type_article | flag_width | flag2_border | regexp8 = footnote_[a-h] | regexp9 = footnote[%d]+ | footnotes | footnotes2 | FR_cadastre_area_km2 | FR_cadastre_area_rank | FR_cadastre_area_sq_mi | FR_foot | FR_foot2 | FR_foot3 | FR_foot4 | FR_foot5 | FR_IGN_area_km2 | FR_IGN_area_rank | FR_IGN_area_sq_mi | FR_metropole_population_estimate_rank | FR_metropole_population | FR_metropole | FR_total_population_estimate_rank | FR_total_population_estimate_year | FR_total_population_estimate | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank | GDP_nominal_per_capita | GDP_nominal_rank | GDP_nominal_year | GDP_nominal | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank | GDP_PPP_per_capita | GDP_PPP_rank | GDP_PPP_year | GDP_PPP | Gini_change | Gini_rank | Gini_ref | Gini_year | Gini | government_type | HDI_change | HDI_rank | HDI_ref | HDI_year | HDI | house1 | house2 | image_coat | image_flag | image_flag2 | image_map_alt | image_map_caption | image_map_size | image_map | image_map2_alt | image_map2_caption | image_map2_size | image_map2 | image_map3 | regexp10 = image_[ps][%d]+ | image_symbol | iso3166code | languages_sub | languages_type | languages | languages2_sub | languages2_type | languages2 | largest_city | largest_settlement_type | largest_settlement | regexp11 = leader_name[%d]+ | regexp12 = leader_title[%d]+ | regexp13 = leader[%d]+ | legislature | life_span | linking_name | location_map | loctext | lower_house | map_caption | map_caption2 | map_caption3 | map_width | map2_width | map3_width | membership_type | membership | micronation | module | motto | name | national_anthem | national_languages | national_motto | native_name | navbar | nummembers | official_languages | official_website | org_type | other_symbol_type | other_symbol | regexp14 = [ps][%d]+ | patron_saint | patron_saints | percent_water | politics_link | pop_den_footnote | population_census_rank | population_census_year | population_census | population_data2 | population_data3 | population_density_km2 | population_density_rank | population_density_sq_mi | population_estimate_rank | population_estimate_year | population_estimate | population_label2 | population_label3 | population_link | recognised_languages | recognised_national_languages | recognised_regional_languages | recognized_languages | recognized_national_languages | regexp15 = ref_area[%d]+ | regexp16 = ref_pop[%d]+ | regional_languages | recognized_regional_languages | religion_ref | religion_year | religion | regexp17 = representative[%d]+ | royal_anthem | flag_anthem | march | national_march | regional_anthem | territorial_anthem | state_anthem | sovereignty_note | sovereignty_type | regexp18 = stat_area[%d]+ | regexp19 = stat_pop[%d]+ | regexp20 = stat_year[%d]+ | status_text | status | symbol| symbol_type_article | symbol_type | symbol_width | text_symbol_type | text_symbol | time_zone_DST | time_zone | title_deputy | title_leader | title_representative | today | type_house1 | type_house2 | upper_house | utc_offset_DST | utc_offset | regexp21 = year_deputy[%d]+ | year_end | year_exile_end | year_exile_start | regexp22 = year_leader[%d]+ | regexp23 = year_representative[%d]+ | year_start}}Template:Main other{{#if:|{{#ifeq:Member of the Arab League (1945-1990)
Member of the United Nations (1947–1990)
Member of the United Arab States (1958–1961)|Colony|Template:Main other|{{#ifeq:Member of the Arab League (1945-1990)
Member of the United Nations (1947–1990)
Member of the United Arab States (1958–1961)|Exile|Template:Main other}}}} }}

North Yemen (Template:Langx) is a term used to describe the Kingdom of Yemen (1918–1962), the Yemen Arab Republic (1962–1990),<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> and the regimes that preceded them and exercised sovereignty over that region of Yemen.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Its capital was Sanaa from 1918 to 1948 and again from 1962 to 1990. Located in the southwestern part of the Arabian Peninsula, the area of the region (Upper Yemen) is 195,000 square kilometers, it used to have a population of about thirteen million people prior to the Yemeni unification. It was bordered to the north by Saudi Arabia, to the south and east by South Yemen, to the west by the Red Sea, and to Bab al-Mandab in the southwest.

North Yemen was admitted to the United Nations on September 30, 1947. In 1962, the country fought a bloody civil war that ended with the abolition of the monarchy and the creation of a republic in 1970. It was one of the predecessor states of the Republic of Yemen, alongside South Yemen, until its eventual unification in 1990.

History

Following the collapse of the Ottoman Empire in 1918 after the Great War, northern Yemen became an independent state as the Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen. On September 27, 1962, revolutionaries inspired by the Arab nationalist ideology of United Arab Republic (Egyptian) President Gamal Abdel Nasser deposed the newly crowned King Muhammad al-Badr, took control of Sanaʽa, and established the Yemen Arab Republic (YAR). This coup d'état marked the beginning of the North Yemen Civil War that pitted YAR troops, assisted by the United Arab Republic (Egypt), against Badr's royalist forces, supported by Saudi Arabia and Jordan. Conflict continued periodically until 1967, when Egyptian troops were withdrawn to join the conflict of the Six-Day War. By 1968, following a failed royalist siege of Sanaʽa, most of the opposing leaders reached a reconciliation. Saudi Arabia recognized the Republic in 1970.

Unlike East and West Germany or North and South Korea, the YAR and its southern neighbor, the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen (PDRY), also known as South Yemen, remained relatively cordial, though relations were often strained. Following the Yemenite War of 1972, the two nations declared that unification would eventually occur. However, these plans were put on hold due to the Yemenite War of 1979, and war was stopped only by an Arab League intervention. The goal of unity was reaffirmed by the northern and southern heads of state during a summit meeting in Kuwait in March 1979.

Politics

North Yemen was a republic governed nominally under a constitution adopted in 1970, suspended in 1974, and largely restored between 1978 and the late 1980s. Although a succession of bodies carried out some of the functions of a legislature, they exercised little real power until the late 1980s. During that period, policy making remained in the hands of a relatively progressive military elite that worked closely with a variety of civilians that included a large and growing group of technocrats, the major tribal leaders, and other traditional conservative notables. Although political parties were formally banned, several parties did exist and operated with varying degrees of influence during and between elections.

Unification

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In May 1988, the YAR and PDRY governments came to an understanding that considerably reduced tensions. They agreed to renew discussions concerning unification, to establish a joint oil exploration area along their undefined border, to demilitarize the border, and to allow Yemenis unrestricted border passage on the basis of a national identification card.

Official Yemeni unification took place on May 22, 1990, with a planned, 30-month process, scheduled for completion in November 1992. The first stamp bearing the inscription "Yemen Republic" was issued in October 1990.<ref name="Scott">Scott (2008) "Yemen," Scott 2009 Standard Postage Stamp Catalogue Volume 6 (165th edition) Scott Publishing Co., Sidney, Ohio, page 1081. Template:ISBN</ref> While government ministries proceeded to merge, both currencies remained valid until June 11, 1996. A civil war in 1994 delayed the completion of the final merger.

Administrative division

Mikhlafs

Mikhlaf is an ancient administrative division term in Yemen. Yemenis used to call a district of their country Mikhlaf, adding the name of the tribal leader, the name of a place, a famous leader, or a well-known town.<ref>مخاليف اليمن، القاضي إسماعيل بن علي الأكوع، الطبعة الثالثة، صنعاء، 2009</ref> The name Mikhlaf was mentioned in ancient inscriptions on stones as the name of the district, and Yemen is unique in naming its Mikhlaf.<ref>معجم البلدان، ياقوت الحموي</ref> There were eighty-one Mikhlaf in Yemen, and historians differed on determining their exact number. In Yemeni history, Mikhlaf did not have fixed, clearly defined borders that distinguished them from other Mikhlafs. At one time, it might include many districts, or its area might be narrow and limited to a limited number of villages, and a number of Mikhlafs might fall under it. Sometimes Mikhlaf overlapped, and some included parts of other Mikhlafs, such as the Mikhlaf of Dhi Ra'in, which included the Mikhlaf of Al-Awd, the Mikhlaf of Hajar, Upper and Lower Yafa', and the Mikhlaf of Jayshan. The Mikhlaf shrank, and all that remained were a number of villages in the city of Yarim.

See also

Notes

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References

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