Scattered Islands in the Indian Ocean
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Anti-clockwise from top right: Tromelin Island, Glorioso Islands, Juan de Nova Island, Bassas da India, and Europa Island. Banc du Geyser is not shown. }}{{#if:Maps of the Scattered Islands in the Indian Ocean.
Anti-clockwise from top right: Tromelin Island, Glorioso Islands, Juan de Nova Island, Bassas da India, and Europa Island. Banc du Geyser is not shown.|
Anti-clockwise from top right: Tromelin Island, Glorioso Islands, Juan de Nova Island, Bassas da India, and Europa Island. Banc du Geyser is not shown.
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The Scattered Islands in the Indian Ocean (Template:Langx or Template:Lang) consist of four small coral islands and an atoll, as well as a reef in the Indian Ocean; they constitute the fifth district of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }} French Southern and Antarctic Lands (TAAF) Official website</ref> though sovereignty over some or all of the islands is contested by the Comoros, Madagascar, and Mauritius. None of the islands have ever had a permanent population, though the French armed forces maintain small troop contingents on some of the islands.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Scattered Islands in the Indian Ocean around Madagascar, mainly in the Mozambique Channel, the scattered islands, "confetti of the French colonial empire," are of strategic importance due to the extent of their economic area of interest. France asserts its presence there by basing small detachments of military personnel.<ref>"How France maintains its grip on Africa" May 21, 2010, news.bbc.co.uk, [1].</ref><ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
Two of the islands—Europa Island and Juan de Nova Island—and the Bassas da India atoll lie in the Mozambique Channel west of Madagascar, while a third island, Tromelin Island, lies about Template:Convert east of Madagascar and the Glorioso Islands lies about Template:Convert northwest of Madagascar. Also in the Mozambique Channel is Banc du Geyser, a mostly submerged reef considered a part of the Glorioso Islands by France and the Comoros.
The islands have been classified as nature reserves. Except for Bassas da India, they all support meteorological stations: those on the Glorioso Islands, Juan de Nova, and Europa Island are automated. The station on Tromelin Island, in particular, provides warning of cyclones threatening Madagascar, Mauritius, or Réunion. Each of the islands, except Banc du Geyser and Bassas da India, has an airstrip of more than Template:Convert.
The Scattered Islands in the Indian Ocean are partially claimed by the Comoros, Madagascar, and Mauritius.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The Malagasy and Mauritian claims, however, are significantly later than their access to independence. However, the agreement reached in October 2024 on the restitution to Mauritius of the Chagos Islands by Great Britain, in the heart of the Indian Ocean, notably home to the American base of Diego Garcia, has relaunched the debate in Madagascar.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Overview
| Island / Atoll | Station Staff |
Area (km2) |
Lagoon (km2) |
EEZ (km2) |
Coordinates | Location |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Template:Flag (including Banc du Geyser) |
11 | 5 | 29.6 | 48,350 | Template:Coord | Northern Mozambique Channel |
| Template:Flag | 19 | 0.8 | – | 280,000 | Template:Coord | Western Indian Ocean |
| Template:Flag | 14 | 4.4 | (1) | 61,050 | Template:Coord | Central Mozambique Channel |
| Template:Flag | – | 0.2 | 79.8 | 123,700 | Template:Coord | Southern Mozambique Channel |
| Template:Flag | 12 | 28 | 9 | 127,300 | Template:Coord | Southern Mozambique Channel |
| Total | 56 | 38.4 | 118.4 | 640,400 |
Individual islands
- Bassas da India
- Ten unnamed rock islets
- Europa Island
- Île Europa
- Eight unnamed rock islets
- Glorioso Islands
- Banc du Geyser
- Grande Glorieuse
- Île du Lys
- South Rock
- Verte Rocks (three islets)
- Wreck Rock
- Three unnamed islets
- Juan de Nova Island
- Tromelin Island
Administration
Since January 3, 2005, the Scattered Islands have been administered on behalf of the French state by the senior administrator of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands, based in Réunion. The Scattered Islands had previously been under the administration of the prefect of Réunion since the independence of Madagascar in 1960.<ref>Template:Citation</ref> France maintains a military garrison of around 14 troops on each of the islandsTemplate:Citation needed in the Mozambique Channel that are claimed by Madagascar. The troops are supported by French naval vessels based in Réunion conducting patrol missions and re-supply operations about four times per year.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The Glorioso Islands are also claimed by the Comoros, while Mauritius claims Tromelin Island.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
France has an exclusive economic zone (EEZ) of 200 nautical miles Template:Nowrap around each of the small islands in the Scattered Islands, which together with the EEZ claims for the islands of Mayotte and Réunion totals more than one million square kilometres Template:Nowrap in the western Indian Ocean. There is considerable overlap of the EEZ with the neighbouring states.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
Sovereignty dispute
Mauritius, Madagascar, and the Comoros dispute France's sovereignty over these islands. Mauritius claims Tromelin Island and states that the island, discovered by France in 1722, was not ceded by the Treaty of Paris in 1814. Madagascar claims sovereignty over the Glorioso Islands (including Banc du Geyser), though the island group was never a part of the Malagasy Protectorate, having been a part of the Colony of Mayotte and dependencies, then a part of the French Comoros that had become a separately administered colony from Madagascar in 1946. The Comoros also claims the Glorioso Islands (including Banc du Geyser), as a part of the disputed French region of Mayotte. Furthermore, Madagascar has also claimed Bassas da India, Europa Island, and Juan de Nova Island since 1972,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and a 1979 United Nations resolution (without binding force) demanded the cession of these islands to Madagascar.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Seychelles claimed a part of the Scattered Islands too before the signing of the France–Seychelles Maritime Boundary Agreement.Template:Citation needed A negotiation session between France and Madagascar took place in November 2020.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In April 2025, France and Madagascar announced that they would meet in June 2025 to find a peaceful solution to the dispute.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> President Emmanuel Macron favors a form of co-management with Madagascar, rather than restitution.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> On June 20, 2025, Malagasy Foreign Minister Rasata Rafaravavitafika chaired a meeting of the scientific committee devoted to Madagascar's claim to the Scattered Islands. The objective of this meeting was to develop arguments for preserving Madagascar's sovereignty over the Scattered Islands, while moving forward in discussions with France.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> On June 24, 2025, the Malagasy platform "Sehatry ny Raiamandreny" (Sera) affirmed the indefatigability of Madagascar's claim to the territories of the Scattered Islands.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The second commission, between France and Madagascar, will meet on June 30, 2025, for bilateral discussions on congestion, or the restitution of the Scattered Islands to Madagascar.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> On June 26, 2025, France published the lists of negotiators at the meeting of June 30, 2025, between Madagascar and France.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
See also
- Administrative divisions of France
- French Southern and Antarctic Lands
- List of territorial disputes
- Overseas France
References
External links
- Pages with broken file links
- Pages using center with unknown parameters
- 2007 establishments in Africa
- 2007 establishments in France
- Dependent territories in Africa
- Disputed islands of Africa
- French Southern and Antarctic Lands
- Islands of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands
- Island countries of the Indian Ocean
- Islands of Africa
- Islands of Madagascar
- Mozambique Channel
- Protected areas of Africa
- Protected areas of Overseas France
- Southeast African countries
- States and territories established in 2007
- Uninhabited islands of France