Southern Federal District

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The Southern Federal District (Template:Lang-rus) is one of the eight federal districts of Russia. Its territory lies mostly on the Pontic–Caspian steppe of Southern Russia. The Southern Federal District shares borders with Ukraine, the Azov Sea, and the Black Sea in the west, and Kazakhstan and the Caspian Sea in the east.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

History

The Southern Federal District was originally called the North Caucasian Federal District when it was founded on 13 May 2000, but was renamed for political reasons on 21 June 2000. On 19 January 2010, the Southern Federal District was split in two, with its former southern territories forming a new North Caucasian Federal District.<ref>

Template:Cite Russian law</ref>

On 28 July 2016, Crimean Federal District (which contains the Republic of Crimea and the Federal city of Sevastopol) was abolished and merged into Southern Federal District in order to "improve the governance".<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Crimean Federal District was established on 21 March 2014 after the Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation.<ref name="rbc">Template:Cite news</ref> The federal district includes both the Republic of Crimea and the federal city of Sevastopol, both recognized as part of Ukraine by most of the international community.<ref>Law about occupied territories of Ukraine. Mirror Weekly. 15 May 2014</ref><ref>Higher educational institutions at the temporarily occupied territories of Ukraine will not work – the minister of education. Newsru. 1 October 2014</ref> Its population was 13,854,334 (62.4% urban) according to the 2010 Census,<ref name="2010Census">Template:Ru-pop-ref</ref> living in an area of Template:Convert.<ref name=area/>

Demographics

Population pyramid of the Southern Federal District at the 2021 Russian Census

Federal constituent entities

Template:Main article An official government translation of the constitution of Russia from Russian to English uses the term "constituent entities of the Russian Federation". For example, Article 5 reads: "The Russian Federation shall consist of republics, krays, oblasts, cities of federal significance, an autonomous oblast and autonomous okrugs, which shall have equal rights as constituent entities of the Russian Federation."<ref name=gov_constitution>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> A translation provided by Garant-Internet instead uses the term "subjects of the Russian Federation".<ref name="constitution.ru">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Tom Fennell, a translator, told the 2008 American Translators Association conference that "constituent entity of the Russian Federation" is a better translation than "subject".<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> This was supported by Tamara Nekrasova, Head of Translation Department at Goltsblat BLP, saying in a 2011 presentation at a translators conference that "constituent entity of the Russian Federation is more appropriate than subject of the Russian Federation (subject would be OK for a monarchy)".<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

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# Flag Coat of Arms Constituent entities Area in km2<ref name=area/> Population Capital/administrative center Map of Administrative Division
1 border=no Republic of Adygea 7,800 496,934 Maykop
2 File:Flag of Astrakhan Oblast.svg border=no Astrakhan Oblast 49,000 960,142 Astrakhan File:Outline Map of Astrakhan Oblast.svg
3 File:Flag of Kalmykia.svg border=no Republic of Kalmykia 74,700 267,133 Elista File:Outline Map of Kalmykia.svg
4 File:Flag of Krasnodar Krai.svg border=no Krasnodar Krai 75,500 5,838,273 Krasnodar File:Outline Map of Krasnodarski Krai (with Crimea disputed).svg
5 File:Flag of Rostov Oblast.svg border=no Rostov Oblast 101,000 4,200,729 Rostov-on-Don File:Outline Map of Rostov Oblast.svg
6 File:Flag of Volgograd Oblast.svg border=no Volgograd Oblast 112,900 2,500,781 Volgograd File:Outline Map of Volgograd Oblast.svg
Disputed territories
A File:Flag of Crimea (Latest version).svg border=no Republic of CrimeaTemplate:Efn 26,100 1,934,630 Simferopol File:Outline Map of Crimea in Russia (2014–2022).svg
B File:Flag of Sevastopol.svg border=no SevastopolTemplate:Efn 900 547,820 Sevastopol File:Sevastopol.png
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Ethnic groups

Ethnic composition, according to the 2010 census: Total - 13 854 334 people.

Life expectancy

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File:Life expectancy in Russia -SFD.png
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Presidential plenipotentiary envoys

№ Name (envoy) Photo Term of office Appointed by
Start of term End of term Length of service
1 Viktor Kazantsev File:Viktor Kazantsev 2021 (cropped).jpg 18 May 2000 9 March 2004 Template:Age in years and days (Template:Age in days nts days) Vladimir Putin
2 Vladimir Yakovlev File:Яковлев Владимир Анатольевич.jpg 9 March 2004 13 September 2004 Template:Age in years and days
3 Dmitry Kozak File:Dmitry Kozak.jpg 13 September 2004 24 September 2007 Template:Age in years and days (Template:Age in days nts days)
4 Grigory Rapota File:Григорий Алексеевич Рапота.jpg 24 September 2007 14 May 2008 Template:Age in days nts days
5 Vladimir Ustinov File:Vladimir Ustinov (2014-06-04).jpg 14 May 2008 present Template:Age in years and days (Template:Age in days nts days) Dmitry Medvedev

References

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Federal districts of Russia
North Caucasian | Central | Southern | Northwestern | Far Eastern | Siberian | Ural | Volga

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