1510

December 2: Shah Ismail I defeats Muhammad Shaybani at Battle of Marv.

Portuguese Armada retreat after monsoon conditions and a counterattack by the forces of Yusuf Adil Shah.

Year 1510 (MDX) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar.

Events

Sunflowers are introduced in Europe.

January–March

• January 23 – An 18-year-old Henry VIII jousts anonymously at Richmond, Surrey and draws applause, before revealing his identity.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• January 29 – The Mary Rose ship is laid out.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> The next year the ship is launched on July 29, 1511, and is afterwards towed to London to be fitted, and is finally completed in 1512.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> In 1545, during the Battle of the Solent, she sank.<ref name="MR">Template:Cite book</ref>Template:Rp The reason for her sinking is disputed with contemporary accounts claiming the ship was heeled over or sank by French ships with gunfire, although modern historians believe it was sunk due to being unstable.<ref name="MR" />Template:Rp
• January 31 – Catherine of Aragon gives birth to her first child, and the first known child of King Henry VIII, a stillborn daughter.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• February 15 – Peace treaty concluded between Pope Julius II and the Republic of Venice.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• February 24 – In Rome, Pope Julius II revokes the interdict, imposed on the Republic of Venice in 1509.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• February 27– Portuguese conquest of Goa: Afonso de Albuquerque of Portugal begins a nine month battle to conquer Goa off the coast of India.<ref name=Garcia>Template:Cite book</ref>
• March 1 – Battle of Salt River: Indigenous ǃUriǁʼaekua decisively defeat sailors of the Portuguese Empire in South Africa.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• March 12 – Mihnea cel Rău, the ruling Prince of Wallachia (now in Romania), is assassinated in Sibiu while attending Mass at the Roman Catholic church there.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

April–June

• April 4 – The "Disturbance of the Three Ports", an uprising by Japanese merchants against the Korean government, begins in what is now South Korea in the cities of Dongnae, Changwon and Ulsan.
• April 13 – Park Won-jong resigns as Chief State Councillor of the Korean Empire and is succeeded by Kim Su-dong.
• April 19 – The simultaneous Japanese uprising in Korea is suppressed by the Korean Emperor Jungjong, and all trade between Korea and Japan is halted for the next two years.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• April 27 – (4th waning of Kason 872 ME In what is now Myanmar, Min Raza, King of Burma as ruler of the Kingdom of Arakan, leaves the capital city of Mrauk-U permanently and relocates to the old capital at Waithali, where he shows little interest in governing his kingdom.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• May 12 – The Prince of Anhua rebellion begins when Zhu Zhifan, Prince of Anhua, kills all the officials invited to a banquet, and declares his intent on ousting the powerful Ming dynasty eunuch Liu Jin, during the reign of the Zhengde Emperor in China.<ref name="CHI">Template:Cite book</ref>
• May 30 – Rebel leader Zhu Zhifan is defeated and captured by commander Qiu Yue, ending the Prince of Anhua rebellion.<ref name="CHI" />
• June 5 – The Sultan Abu Abdallah V of Tlemcen (now part of Algeria) agrees to pay a demand for tribute to the Ferdinand II, King of Aragon (now part of Spain), prompting Ferdinand to plot an invasion of the neighboring kingdom Ifriqiya and its capital, Tripoli.<ref name=Vella/>

July–September

• July 25 – Spanish troops capture Tripoli at the direction of King Ferdinand II of Aragon and under the command of Pedro Navarro.<ref name=Vella>Template:Cite journal</ref>
• July – The Holy League, formed to defend the Italian States, attacks French-occupied Genoa. The 1510 influenza pandemic reaches Sicily, where it is nicknamed coccolucio, before spreading to the Italian states and the rest of Europe.
• August 10 – The Royal Dano-Norwegian Navy is founded when Henrich Krummedige is appointed chief captain of all those who are at sea.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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• September 3 – Sir Thomas More becomes undersheriff of the City of London.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• September 10 – (Eishō 7, 18th day of the 8th month) An estimated 6.7 magnitude earthquake in the Seto Inland Sea (Setonaikai) strikes oof the coast of Japan near what is now Nanko-Higashi.<ref name="NOAA">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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October–December

• October 10 – (Eishō 7, 8th day of the 9th month) An earthquake in the Enshunada Sea off of the coast of Hamamatsu in what is now the Shizuoka Prefecture in Japan produces a devastating tsunami.<ref name="NOAA"/>
• October 16 – Mingyi Nyo declares independence from the Ava Kingdom in upper Burma, by establishing the Toungoo dynasty.
• November 25 – Afonso de Albuquerque succeeds in conquering Goa and establishes the colony of Portuguese India.<ref name=Garcia/>
• December 2 – Battle of Marv: Shah Ismail I's defeats the Uzbek forces of Shaybani Khan, in Khorasan.<ref name="SHAH">Template:Cite thesis</ref>Template:Rp Shaybani flees the battle only to be captured and killed by Ismail I troops, his head is turned into a skull cup used as a drinking goblet.<ref name="SHAH" />Template:Rp

Date unknown

• The Grand Prince of Moscow Vasili III conquers Pskov.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• Template:Ill publishes De Cardinalatu, a manual for cardinals, including advice on palatial architecture – which inspires Thomas Wolsey in his construction work at Hampton Court Palace.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• Sunflowers are brought to Europe by Spaniards.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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Births

Elisabeth of Brandenburg

• February 24 – Costanzo II Sforza, Italian noble (d. 1512)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• March 25 – Guillaume Postel, French linguist (d. 1581)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• March 30 – Antonio de Cabezón, Spanish composer and organist (d. 1566)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• June 6 – Giovanni Battista Cicala, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. 1570)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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• August 11 – Margaret Paleologa, Sovereign Marchioness of Montferrat (1531–1540) (d. 1566)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• August 24 – Elisabeth of Brandenburg, Duchess of Brunswick-Calenberg-Göttingen (1525–1540) (d. 1558)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• October 6
  • Rowland Taylor, English Protestant martyr (d. 1555)
  • John Caius, English physician (d. 1573)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• October 25 – Renée of France, French princess (d. 1574)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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• October 28 – Francis Borgia, Spanish General of the Jesuits (d. 1572)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• December 28 – Nicholas Bacon, English politician (d. 1579)<ref>Template:Cite ODNB</ref>
• date unknown
  • Jörg Breu the Younger, German painter (d. 1547)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
  • Ferenc Dávid, Hungarian founder of the Unitarian Church (d. 1579)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
  • Solomon Luria, Polish-born Kabbalist (d. 1574)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
  • Oda Nobuhide, Japanese warlord (d. 1551)<ref>Template:Cite thesis</ref>
  • Bernard Palissy, French potter and writer<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
  • Elizabeth Lucar, English calligrapher (d. 1537)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
  • Ambroise Paré, French surgeon (d. 1590)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
  • Nicolas Durand de Villegaignon, French naval officer (d. 1571)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
  • Pierre de Manchicourt, Flemish composer (d. 1564)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
  • Gracia Mendes Nasi, Portuguese businessperson and philanthropist (d. 1569)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
  • Francisco Vázquez de Coronado, Spanish conquistador (d. 1554)<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
• probable
  • Tullia d'Aragona, Italian poet, author and philosopher (d. 1556)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
  • Aloysius Lilius, Italian inventor of the Gregorian calendar (d. 1576)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
  • Luis de Morales, Spanish religious painter (d. 1586)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
  • Lope de Rueda, Spanish dramatist and author (d. 1565)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
  • Claudio Veggio, Italian composer<ref>Template:Cite Grove</ref>

Deaths

Juan de la Cosa

Francisco de Almeida

Sandro Botticelli

File:Portrait of Caterina Coronaro 1542 uffizi florence Titian.jpg

Catherine Cornaro

File:Santa Caterina Fieschi Adorno-dipinto Giovanni Agostino Ratti.jpg

Saint Catherine of Genoa

• February 1 – Sidonie of Poděbrady, Bohemian princess, duchess consort of Saxony (b. 1449)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• February 28 – Juan de la Cosa, Spanish cartographer and explorer (b. c. 1460)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• March 1 – Francisco de Almeida, Portuguese soldier and explorer (b. c. 1450)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• March 10 – Johann Geiler von Kaisersberg, German preacher (b. 1445)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• May 17 – Sandro Botticelli, Italian painter (b. 1445)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• May 25 – Cardinal Georges d'Ambroise, aka Monseigneur le Ledat. Adviser to King Louis XII (b. 1460)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• July 10 – Catherine Cornaro, Queen of Cyprus (b. 1454)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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• July 14 – Arthur Stewart, Duke of Rothesay, heir to the Scottish throne (b. 1509)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• July 27 – Giovanni Sforza, Italian condottiere (b. 1466)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• August 17
  • Edmund Dudley, English statesman (b. c. 1462)<ref name="HVIII">Template:Cite book</ref>
  • Richard Empson, English statesman<ref name="HVIII" />
• September 15 – Saint Catherine of Genoa (b. 1447)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• September 17 – Giorgione, Italian painter (b. c. 1477)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• September 18 – Ursula of Brandenburg, Duchess of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (b. 1488)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• November 11 – Bohuslav Hasištejnský z Lobkovic, Bohemian writer (b. 1461)
• December 2 – Muhammad Shaybani, Khan of Bukhara (b. 1451)<ref name="SHAH" />Template:Rp
• December 14 – Friedrich of Saxony (b. 1473)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• December 31 – Bianca Maria Sforza, Holy Roman Empress (b. 1472)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• date unknown
  • Agüeybaná, Taino chief<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
  • Giovanna d'Aragona, Duchess of Amalfi, Italian regent (b. 1478)
  • Mandukhai Khatun, Mongolian queen