1552

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Year 1552 (MDLII) was a leap year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar.

Events

January–March

January 15 – Henry II of France and Maurice, Elector of Saxony, sign the Treaty of Chambord.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
February 12 – Pedro de Valdivia founds the Chilean city of Valdivia, as Santa María la Blanca de Valdivia.
February 24 – The privileges of the Hanseatic League are abolished in England.
March 26 – Guru Amar Das becomes the Third Sikh Guru.

April–June

April 8 – Maurice, Elector of Saxony, liberates Augsburg and sets about to capture Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor.<ref>Geoffrey Parker, Emperor: A New Life of Charles V (Yale University Press, 2019)</ref>
April 11 – Metz Cathedral is consecrated.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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April 15 – The Act of Uniformity is given royal assent and imposes use of the Protestant Book of Common Prayer on England.
April 16 – Pedro de Valdivia founds the city of La Imperial, Chile.
April 18 – King Henry II of France enters the city of Metz, ceded to France by Saxony by the January 15 Treaty of Chambord.
April 28 – The delegates to the Council of Trent adjourn for two years after learning that the Holy Roman Emperor is fleeing from Maurice of Saxony.<ref>Ernst Wilhelm Möller, History of the Christian Church: A.D. 1517-1648, Reformation and Counter-reformation (S. Sonnenschein & Company, 1900) p.240</ref>
May 20 – Learning of the rapid approach of the Elector Maurice, the Emperor Charles V flees from Innsbruck ahead of being captured.<ref>John S. C. Abbott, Austria : Its Rise and Present Power (P. F. Collier and Son, 1902) p.132</ref>
June 6 (14th waxing of Waso 914 ME) – Minye Sithu is appointed as the Burmese Viceroy of Martaban by his older brother, Bayinnaung, King of Burma.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
June 16 – Yuri of Uglich, the only brother of the Russian Tsar Ivan the Terrible, is placed in charge of Russia's domestic affairs as Ivan departs Moscow to lead 150,000 troops in the Russo-Kazan War.
June 22 – Peter Ernst I von Mansfeld-Vorderort, the Spanish Governor of Luxembourg, is taken prisoner by France and remains captive for almost five years.
June 24 – The Portuguese ship São João is wrecked off of the coast of South Africa.<ref>Further Selections from the Tragic History of the Sea, 1559-1565: Narratives of the Shipwrecks of the Portuguese East Indiamen (Taylor & Francis, 2017)</ref> While 480 people survive initially, all but 25 of them die during the next 165 days while trying to reach the mouth of the Maputo River in what is now Mozambique.

July–September

July 6 – In Hungary, Drégely Castle is attacked by the Ottoman Empire. Captain György Szondy and c. 140 soldiers in the castle die, after 4 days of fighting against 8,000 Turkish raiders.
July 27 – The Ottomans capture the city of Temesvar.
August 2
- John Frederick, Elector of Saxony and Philipp I of Hesse, taken prisoner by Charles V in 1546, are released.
- The Peace of Passau revokes the Augsburg Interim of 1548, and promises religious freedom to the Protestant princes.
September 9 – The Siege of Eger begins as thousands of Ottoman troops, led by General Kara Ahmed Pasha of the Ottoman Empire attack a greatly outnumbered force of Hungarian defenders, captained by István Dobó.
September 24 – The Debatable Lands on the border of England and Scotland are divided between the two kingdoms by a commission creating the Scots' Dike in an unsuccessful attempt to halt lawlessness here, but giving both countries their modern borders.

October–December

October 2 – The Khanate of Kazan falls to troops of Ivan IV of Russia.
October 17 – After heavy losses by the Ottoman Empire, the Siege of Eger in Hungary is broken off by the Ottomans.
November 15 – Radu Ilie Haidăul becomes the new Prince of Wallachia in what is now Romania after defeating Prince Mircea the Shepherd at the battle of Mănești. Prince Mircea retakes the throne seven months later.
November 18 – Simeon Sulaka arrives in Rome from the Middle Eastern city of Mosul and brings a letter asking Pope Julius III to appoint him as the Patriarch of the Church of the East, leader of the Chaldean Catholic Church.
November 24 – Thomas Cranmer, Archbishop of Canterbury and top cleric of the Church of England, delivers the proposed Forty-two Articles to the Privy Council of King Edward VI.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
December 26 – Pope Julius III issues a papal brief revoking resolutions passed by the colegii Papal State of Bologna in Italy.<ref>War and Peace in the Religious Conflicts of the Long Sixteenth Century (Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2022) pp.47-48</ref>

Date unknown

Miguel de Buría leads the first African rebellion in South America's history. This may be because Buría has more slaves than other regions in Venezuela, of which most join Miguel, and is still being contested between the Europeans and the natives, who also join his side. During this insurrection he takes over the Gold mines de San Felipe de Buría, established within the area with the consent of the Spanish Crown, to pull out the ore that was discovered in the Buria river, a task that heavily depends on slave work.
In the Persian Gulf, the Ottoman Empire Red Sea Fleet attacks the Portuguese stronghold of Hormuz, but fails to capture it.<ref>Template:New Cambridge History of Islam</ref>
In Italy, Bartolomeo Eustachi completes his Tabulae anatomicae, presenting his discoveries on the structure of the inner ear and heart,<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> although, for fear of the Inquisition, it will not be published until 1714.
King Edward VI of England founds 35 grammar schools by royal charter,<ref name="Cassell's Chronology">Template:Cite book</ref> including Shrewsbury; Leeds Grammar School is also established.