Close front unrounded vowel

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Template:Short description Template:Infobox IPA Template:IPA vowels

The close front unrounded vowel, or high front unrounded vowel,<ref>Template:Vowel terminology</ref> is a type of vowel sound that occurs in most spoken languages, represented in the International Phonetic Alphabet by the symbol i. It is similar to the vowel sound in the English word meet—and often called long-e in American English.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Although in English this sound has additional length (usually being represented as {{#invoke:IPA|main}}) and is not normally pronounced as a pure vowel (it is a slight diphthong), some dialects have been reported to pronounce the phoneme as a pure sound.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> A pure {{#invoke:IPA|main}} sound is also heard in many other languages, such as French, in words like chic.

The close front unrounded vowel is the vocalic equivalent of the palatal approximant {{#invoke:IPA|main}}. They alternate with each other in certain languages, such as French, and in the diphthongs of some languages, {{#invoke:IPA|main}} with the non-syllabic diacritic and {{#invoke:IPA|main}} are used in different transcription systems to represent the same sound.

Languages that use the Latin script commonly use the letter Template:Angle bracket to represent this sound, though there are some exceptions: in English orthography that letter is usually associated with {{#invoke:IPA|main}} (as in bite) or {{#invoke:IPA|main}} (as in bit), and {{#invoke:IPA|main}} is more commonly represented by Template:Angle bracket, Template:Angle bracket, Template:Angle bracket, Template:Angle bracket or Template:Angle bracket, as in the words scene, bean, meet, niece, conceive; (see Great Vowel Shift). Irish orthography reflects both etymology and whether preceding consonants are broad or slender, so such combinations as Template:Angle bracket, Template:Angle bracket, and Template:Angle bracket all represent {{#invoke:IPA|main}}.

Features

Template:Close vowel Template:Front vowel Template:Palatal Template:Unrounded vowel

{{#invoke:Gallery|gallery}}

Occurrence

Language Word IPA Meaning Notes
AfrikaansTemplate:Sfnp lang}} main}} 'thief' See Afrikaans phonology
Arabic StandardTemplate:Sfnp lang}} / Template:Transliteration main}} 'religion' See Arabic phonology
Bengali দিন main}} 'day' See Bengali phonology
CatalanTemplate:Sfnp lang}} main}} 'if' See Catalan phonology
Chinese MandarinTemplate:SfnpTemplate:Sfnp lang}} / Template:Transliteration Template:Audio-IPA 'seven' See Standard Chinese phonology
Chuvash lang}} main}} 'thread'
CzechTemplate:SfnpTemplate:Sfnp lang}} Template:Audio-IPA 'white' See Czech phonology
DutchTemplate:SfnpTemplate:Sfnp lang}} Template:Audio-IPA 'beet' See Dutch phonology
EnglishTemplate:Sfnp Most dialects free Template:Audio-IPA 'free' main}}. See English phonology
AustralianTemplate:Sfnp bit main}} 'bit' Also described as near-close front Template:IPAblink.Template:Sfnp See Australian English phonology
FrenchTemplate:SfnpTemplate:Sfnp lang}} main}} 'finished' See French phonology
GermanTemplate:SfnpTemplate:Sfnp lang}} Template:Audio-IPA 'goal' See Standard German phonology
Greek Modern StandardTemplate:SfnpTemplate:Sfnp lang}} / Template:Transliteration main}} 'garden' See Modern Greek phonology
HebrewTemplate:Citation needed Modern Standard lang}} main}} 'thinking' See Modern Hebrew phonology
HungarianTemplate:Sfnp lang}} main}} 'arch' See Hungarian phonology
ItalianTemplate:Sfnp lang}} main}} 'rage' See Italian phonology
JapaneseTemplate:Sfnp lang}} / Template:Transliteration Template:Audio-IPA 'silver' See Japanese phonology
Khmer lang}} / Template:Transliteration main}} 'doctrine' See Khmer phonology
KoreanTemplate:Sfnp lang}} / Template:Transliteration main}} 'child' See Korean phonology
KurdishTemplate:SfnpTemplate:Sfnp Kurmanji (Northern) lang}} {{#invoke:IPA|main}} 'milk' See Kurdish phonology
Sorani (Central) {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} / Template:Transliteration
Palewani (Southern)
Lithuanian lang}} main}} 'man' See Lithuanian orthography
Malay Malaysian Malay lang}} main}} 'to follow' See Malay phonology
Malayalam lang}} main}} 'leaf' See Malayalam phonology
MpadeTemplate:Sfnp lang}} main}} 'monkey'
PolishTemplate:Sfnp lang}} Template:Audio-IPA 'teddy bear' See Polish phonology
PortugueseTemplate:Sfnp lang}} Template:Audio-IPA 'thin' Also occurs as an unstressed allophone of other vowels. May be represented by Template:Angle bracket. See Portuguese phonology
RomanianTemplate:Sfnp lang}} main}} 'island' See Romanian phonology
Rungus<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> lang}} main}} 'to come'
RussianTemplate:Sfnp lang}} / Template:Transliteration Template:Audio-IPA 'leaf' Only occurs word-initially or after palatalized consonants. See Russian phonology
Serbo-CroatianTemplate:Sfnp lang}} / {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} main}} 'hayfork' See Serbo-Croatian phonology
SpanishTemplate:Sfnp lang}} main}} 'type' May also be represented by Template:Angle bracket. See Spanish phonology
SothoTemplate:Sfnp lang}} main}} 'to call' Contrasts close, near-close and close-mid front unrounded vowels.Template:Sfnp See Sotho phonology
Swedish Central StandardTemplate:SfnpTemplate:Sfnp lang}} Template:Audio-IPA 'become' main}} or {{#invoke:IPA|main}} (hear the word: Template:Audio-IPA); it may also be fricated {{#invoke:IPA|main}} or, in some regions, fricated and centralized (Template:IPAblink).Template:SfnpTemplate:Sfnp See Swedish phonology
Tagalog lang}} main}} 'bird'
ThaiTemplate:Sfnp lang}} / Template:Transliteration main}} 'dagger'
TurkishTemplate:SfnpTemplate:Sfnp lang}} main}} 'rope' See Turkish phonology
UkrainianTemplate:Sfnp lang}} / Template:Transliteration main}} 'city, town' See Ukrainian phonology
Welsh lang}} main}} 'I went' See Welsh phonology
YorubaTemplate:Sfnp lang}} main}} 'spoon'

Notes

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References

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