Federation of South Arabia

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Template:Short description {{#invoke:Infobox|infoboxTemplate |templatestyles = Template:Infobox country/styles.css | bodyclass = ib-country vcard | aboveclass = adr | above = {{#if:Federation of South ArabiaTemplate:Lang
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    | {{#if:Federation of South Arabia

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Federation of South Arabia
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English
South Arabian


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Map of the Federation and the Protectorate of South Arabia.
Military event held in the Fadhli Sultanate to celebrate the new Federation

The Federation of South Arabia (FSA; Template:Langx Template:Transliteration) was a federal state under British protection in what would become South Yemen. Its capital was Aden.<ref>Parliament Building in Al Ittihad, the capital of the Federation of South Arabia</ref>

History

Template:Further

Originally formed on April 4, 1962, from 15 states of the Federation of Arab Emirates of the South. On January 18, 1963, the Royal Colony of Aden joined it. After the annexation of the Upper Aulaki Sultanate in June 1964, the federation included 17 states.

On July 23, 1962, negotiations began in London between the British Minister of Colonies, Duncan Sandys, and the ministers of the Federation of South Arabia and the Colony of Aden. The parties raised the issue of the constitutional status of Aden and the conditions for its entry into the federation. Numerous parties and organizations in Aden protested against these negotiations, declaring that the colonial ministers did not have the right to decide the fate of the population of Aden and that only the national government of Aden, created by general elections, would be competent to decide the question of a union with the federation. To achieve all this, it was necessary to eliminate its dependence on Britain. Representatives of the opposition, led by the Aden Trade Union Congress, said that any union concluded against the will of the people of Aden would be dissolved at the first opportunity. On the day the London negotiations began, a protest strike was declared in Aden. The Aden Trade Union Congress called for this strike, despite the fact that Aden had had a law prohibiting strikes since 1960, and violators were subject to imprisonment.<ref>«The Times» (24.VII.1962), p. 8.</ref><ref>«Aden Chronicle» (July 12, 1962), p. 1.</ref>

On August 16, 1962, negotiations ended with the signing of an agreement, according to which Aden, while remaining under British sovereignty, was to become part of the Federation of South Arabia on March 1, 1963. The agreement provided that the federation agreement, signed on February 11, 1959, will remain in force, and the new agreement will be only an addition to it.<ref>«Aden Chronicle» (August 23, 1962), p. 3.</ref> During these negotiations, agreement was also reached to introduce minor changes to the constitutional status of Aden once it became part of the federation.<ref>«Aden Chronicle» (October 4, 1962), pp. 1, 28.</ref>

In 1965, the British temporarily removed the government of the Federation of South Arabia and imposed direct colonial rule.<ref name="DL">Dean, Lucy (2004). "The Middle East and North Africa". Издание 2004 года. Routledge. Страница 1211. Template:ISBN</ref>

In 1966, the Federation team took part in the Commonwealth Games in Kingston, Jamaica. The Federation was dissolved following independence along with the Protectorate of South Arabia and the formation of the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen on November 30, 1967.

States

Flag Name Established Joined Notes
State of Aden 1963
Alawi Sheikhdom unknown
Aqrabi Sheikhdom 1770
Audhali Sultanate 18th century
Emirate of Beihan 1680
Dathina Sheikhdom 18th century
Emirate of Dhala early 19th century
Fadhli Sultanate 17th century
Haushabi Sultanate 18th century
Sultanate of Lahej 1728 1872 formerly ruled over Aden
Lower Aulaqi Sultanate 18th century
Sultanate of Lower Yafa ca. 1800
Muflahi Sheikhdom 1850
Sheikhdom of Shaib 18th century
Upper Aulaqi Sheikhdom 18th century
Upper Aulaqi Sultanate 18th century
Wahidi Sultanate 1830 consisted originally of four sub-sultanates: Wahidi Balhaf, Wahidi Azzan, Wahidi Bir Ali, Wahidi Haban

List of rulers

State Last Ruler Deposed House Reign Ref(s)
Template:Flagicon image Alawi Salih ibn Sayil 28 August 1967 Al Alawi Last reigning Sheikh (1940–1967). <ref name="Adenstates">Template:Cite web</ref>
Template:Flagicon image Aqrabi Mahmud ibn Muhammad 28 August 1967 Al Aqrabi Last reigning Sheikh (1957–1967). <ref name="Adenstates"/>
Template:Flagicon image Audhali Salih ibn al-Husayn 17 September 1967 Al Audhali Last reigning Sultan (1928–1967). <ref name="Adenstates"/>
Template:Flagicon image Lower Aulaqi Nasir ibn Aidrus 29 November 1967 Al Awlaqi Last reigning Sultan (1947–1967). <ref name="Adenstates"/>
Template:Flagicon image Upper Aulaqi Awad ibn Salih 29 November 1967 Al Awlaqi Last reigning Sultan (1935–1967). <ref name="Adenstates"/>
Template:Flagicon image Beihan Saleh bin al-Husayn 28 August 1967 Al Habieli Last reigning Emir (1935–1967). <ref name="Adenstates"/>
Template:Flagicon image Dhala Shafaul ibn Ali Shaif 17 August 1967 Al Amiri Last reigning Emir (1954–1967). <ref name="Adenstates"/>
Template:Flagicon image Fadhli Nasir bin Abdullah 29 November 1967 Al Fadhli Last reigning Sultan (1964–1967). <ref name="Adenstates"/>
Template:Flagicon image Haushabi Faisal bin Surur 29 November 1967 Al Haushabi Last reigning Sultan (1955–1967). <ref name="Adenstates"/>
Template:Flagicon image Lahej Fadhl VI bin Ali 17 August 1967 <ref group="as" name="Fadl">Prior to his formal ascension to the throne, he had served as prince regent since 10 July 1958.<ref name="Adenstates" /></ref> Al Abdali Last reigning Sultan (1958–1967). <ref name="Adenstates" />
Template:Flagicon image Wahidi Balhaf<ref group="as" name="Wahidi">Known as Balhaf and Azzan from 1881, signifying Balhaf's merge with Wahidi Azzan. Known simply as Wahidi from 1962, when the sultanates of Wahidi Bir Ali and Wahidi Haban were made subordinate.<ref name="Adenstates"/></ref> Ali ibn Muhammad 17 August 1967<ref group="as" name="Alimuh">Prince Ali held the position of hakim (regent) from 20 February 1967 until the sultanate's abolition in August of the same year. He was never crowned sultan.<ref name="Adenstates"/></ref> Al Wahidi Last governing Hakim (1967). <ref name="Adenstates"/>
Template:Flagicon image Wahidi Bir Ali Alawi ibn Salih 29 November 1967<ref group="as" name="Alawi">Alawi previously reigned as sultan from 1955 until the monarchy was abolished in 1967. Before his reign ended, he was made subordinate to the Sultan of Balhaf and Azzan on 23 October 1962.<ref name="Adenstates"/></ref> Last reigning Sultan (1955–1967). <ref name="Adenstates"/>
Template:Flagicon image Wahidi Haban Husayn ibn Abdullah 29 November 1967<ref group="as" name="Husaynabd">Husayn had previously reigned as sultan prior to the monarchy's abolition in 1967. Before his reign ended, he was made subordinate to the Sultan of Balhaf and Azzan on 23 October 1962.<ref name="Adenstates"/></ref> Last reigning Sultan (until 1967). <ref name="Adenstates"/>
Template:Flagicon image Lower Yafa Mahmud ibn Aidrus 28 August 1967<ref group="as" name="Mahmuda">Mahmud previously reigned as sultan from 1954 until the monarchy was deposed in 1967. His reign was not initially recognised by the British government, which continued to recognise his still-living father and predecessor as sultan until 1958.<ref name="Adenstates"/></ref> Al Afifi<ref group="as" name="Yafa">A clan of the Yafa tribe. The Yafai are divided into ten sheikhdoms that were spread across the former sultanates of Lower Yafa and Upper Yafa.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref></ref> Last reigning Sultan (1954–1967). <ref name="Adenstates"/>

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Chief Ministers

High Commissioners

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Postage stamps

Two values of the 1965 definitives used at Aden

The Federation issued its own Adeni postage stamps from 1963 to 1966. Most of its issues were part of the omnibus issues common to all the Commonwealth territories, but it did issue its own definitive stamps on 1 April 1965. The set of 14 included 10 values, from 5 to 75 fils, each depicting the arms of the Federation in a single color, while the top four values (100 fils, 250 fils, 500 fils, and 1 dinar), featured the flag of the Federation.

The stamps referred to above are those listed in the Scott Standard Postage Stamp Catalog. A number of other stamps have also been issued and are listed in Stanley Gibbons and other widely used stamp catalogs. It is possible, or even likely, that some of the stamps of South Arabia were not issued primarily for postal use.

See also

References

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Further reading

  • Paul Dresch. A History of Modern Yemen. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2000.
  • R.J. Gavin. Aden Under British Rule: 1839-1967. London: C. Hurst & Company, 1975.
  • Tom Little. South Arabia: Arena of Conflict. London: Pall Mall Press, 1968.
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