Greater Cleveland

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Template:Short description Template:For Template:Infobox settlement The Cleveland metropolitan area, or Greater Cleveland, is the metropolitan area surrounding the city of Cleveland, Ohio, United States. The six-county Cleveland, OH Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) as defined by the Office of Management and Budget consists of Cuyahoga, Ashtabula, Geauga, Lake, Lorain, and Medina counties in northeast Ohio, with a total population of 2,185,825. This makes it the 33rd-most populous metropolitan area in the United States and the third largest in Ohio.<ref name=":0">Template:Cite web</ref><ref>U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts: Cleveland city, Ohio</ref>

The metro area is also part of the larger Cleveland-Akron-Canton, OH Combined Statistical Area, which, with over 3.7 million people, is the 17th most populous combined statistical area in the nation. Northeast Ohio refers to a larger region that includes Greater Cleveland, as well as metropolitan Akron, Canton, Youngstown, and surrounding rural areas. Greater Cleveland is part of what is known historically as the Connecticut Western Reserve.

Northeast Ohio

Template:Main Northeast Ohio consists of 16 counties (Ashland, Ashtabula, Carroll, Columbiana, Cuyahoga, Geauga, Lake, Lorain, Mahoning, Medina, Portage, Richland, Stark, Summit, Trumbull and Wayne counties)<ref>Cleveland Plus: Northeast Ohio Counties Template:Webarchive. Retrieved September 20, 2010.</ref> and includes the cities of Akron, Ashland, Ashtabula, Brunswick, Canton, Cleveland, Elyria, Lorain, Mansfield, Medina, Wadsworth, Wooster, Warren, and Youngstown. Northeast Ohio is home to approximately 4 million people, has a labor force of almost 2 million, and a gross regional product of nearly $170 billion.<ref name="usmayors.org">Template:Cite web</ref> Other counties are sometimes considered to be in Northeast Ohio. These include Erie, Holmes, Huron and Tuscarawas counties, and their inclusion makes the total population of the entire northeastern section of Ohio well over 4.5 million people.<ref name="census1">Template:Cite web</ref>

Cities, townships, and villages

Cuyahoga County

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Ashtabula County

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Geauga County

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Lake County

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Lorain County

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Medina County

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Cities by population

These, in decreasing order of population, are the twelve largest cities in Greater Cleveland of (2020):

City 2020
population<ref name="census1"/><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Cleveland 372,624
Parma 81,146
Lorain 65,211
Elyria 52,656
Lakewood 50,942
Euclid 49,692
Mentor 47,450
Strongsville 46,491
Cleveland Heights 45,312
North Ridgeville 35,280
Westlake 34,228
North Olmsted 32,442
North Royalton 31,322

Demographics

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According to the 2020 United States Census, the population was 2.186 million in the five-county MSA of the Greater Cleveland Area, making it the second largest metropolitan-statistical area entirely within the state of Ohio.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Approximately 48.1% of the population was male and 51.9% were female. In 2010 the racial makeup of the five-county Area was 71.7% (1,490,074) Non-Hispanic Whites, 19.7% (409,582) Blacks or African Americans, 0.2% (4,056) American Indians and Alaskan Natives, 2.0% (40,522) Asian (0.7% Asian Indian 0.5% Chinese 0.2% Filipino, 0.1% Korean, 0.1% Vietnamese, 0.1% Japanese, 0.0% (398) Pacific Islander, 1.7% (35,224) from other races, and 2.0% (42,130) from two or more races. 4.7% (98,133) of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race (2.8% Puerto Rican, 1.0% Mexican, 0.1% Dominican, and 0.1% Cuban).<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

File:ISS-34 Night view of Cleveland, Ohio.jpg
NASA satellite photograph of Cleveland at night

The median income for a household in Greater Cleveland was $46,231 and the median income for a family, $59,611. The per capita income was $25,668. Persons living below the poverty line was 15.1%.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> According to a study by Capgemini and the World Wealth Report by Merrill Lynch, the Cleveland area has nearly 54,000 millionaire households, and is expected to continue to grow at 17% over the next five years.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

The Greater Cleveland area is the most diverse region in the state of Ohio and is becoming increasingly more diverse with new waves of immigration.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> As of 2010, both the Hispanic and Asian population in the Cleveland-Akron-Ashtabula area grew by almost 40%, Hispanics now number at 112,307 (up from 80,738 in 2000).<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The Asian population alone accounts for 55,087 (up from 39,586 in 2000) but people who cite Asian and other ethnicities enumerate 67,231. The Chinese Americans are the oldest Asian group residing in Northeast Ohio, most visible in Cleveland's Asiatown. Nevertheless, the area is also home to hundreds of Indians, Thais, Taiwanese, Pakistanis, Laotians, Cambodians, and Burmese peoples as well.

The Cleveland area has a substantial African American population with origins in the First and Second Great Migrations.<ref>Template:Cite encyclopedia</ref> It also boasts some of the nation's largest Irish, Italian (numbering over 205,000), Slavic, and Hungarian populations. At one time, the Hungarian population of Cleveland proper was so great that the city boasted of having the highest concentration of Hungarians in the world outside of Budapest.<ref>Template:Cite encyclopedia</ref> Today, the Greater Cleveland area is home to the largest Slovak, Slovene, and Hungarian communities in the world, outside of Slovakia, Slovenia, and Hungary respectively.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The Slavic population of the Cleveland-Akron area comprises 17.2%, far higher than the nation's rate of 6%. There are 171,000 Poles, 38,000 Slovaks, 66,000 Slovenes, 38,000 Czechs, 31,000 Russians, and 23,000 Ukrainians in Greater Cleveland. Slavic Village and Tremont historically had some of the largest concentrations of Eastern Europeans within Cleveland proper. Today, both neighborhoods continue to be home to many Slavic Ohioans. In addition, Slovenia maintains a Consulate-General in Downtown Cleveland.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The city of Cleveland has also received visits from the Presidents of Hungary and Poland.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Greater Cleveland is home to a sizable Jewish community. According to the North American Jewish Data Bank, the community comprises an estimated 100,000 people or 4.6% as of 2023, above the nation's 1.7%, and up from 81,500 in 1996.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The highest proportion is in Cuyahoga County at 5.5% (of the county's total population). Today, 23% of Greater Cleveland's Jewish population is under the age of 17, and 27% reside in the Heights area (Cleveland Heights, Shaker Heights, and University Heights). In 2010 nearly 2,600 people spoke Hebrew and 1,100 Yiddish.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Ancestry

The top largest ancestries in the Greater Cleveland MSA, were the following:<ref name="factfinder2.census.gov">Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Place of birth

Approximately 94.1% of the metropolitan area's population was native to the United States. Approximately 92.8% were born in the U.S. while 1.3% were born in Puerto Rico, a U.S. territory, or born abroad to American parents. The rest of the population (5.9%) were foreign-born. The highest percentages of immigrants came from Europe (46.2%), Asia (32.7%), Latin America (14.3%); smaller percentages of newcomers came from Africa (3.6%), other parts of North America (3.0%), and Oceania (0.3%).<ref name="factfinder2.census.gov"/>

According to the American Community Survey 2006–2010, the number of Greater Cleveland area residents born overseas was 119,136 and the leading countries of origin were India (10,067), China (7,756), Mexico (6,051), Ukraine (7,211), Germany (5,742), Italy (4,114), Canada (4,102), United Kingdom (4,048), Romania (3,947), Poland (3,834), Russia (3,826), and Yugoslavia (3,820).<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Languages

English is by far the most commonly spoken language at home by residents in the Cleveland-Akron-Elyria area; approximately 91.2% of the population over the age of five spoke only English at home. Spanish speakers made up 2.8% of the population; speakers of Asian languages made up 1.1% of the population; speakers of other Indo-European languages made up 3.9% of the population. Individuals who spoke languages other than the ones above represented the remaining 1.0% of the populace. As of 2011, individually in addition to English, 2.7% spoke Spanish, 0.6% German, 0.5% Arabic, and 0.5% Chinese. 1.4% also spoke a Slavic language.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In 2007, Cleveland area was home to the nation's 3rd highest proportion of Hungarian speakers.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

County 2021 Estimate 2020 Census Change Area Density
Cuyahoga County Template:Change Template:Convert Template:Pop density
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Medina County Template:Change Template:Convert Template:Pop density
Ashtabula County Template:Change Template:Convert Template:Pop density
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Politics

File:2024 Precinct by precinct map of the 2024 Presidential Election in Greater Cleveland are.svg
2024 precinct by precinct 2024 Presidential Election in Greater Cleveland Area

The Cleveland metropolitan area has traditionally been a Democratic stronghold but has shown a trend toward the Republican Party in recent years, particularly since Donald Trump became the Republican nominee. This shift has been driven largely by gains among working-class voters in the region. However, the metro area remains reliably Democratic overall.

Cleveland Metro Presidential election results<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Year Democratic Republican Third parties
align="center" Template:Party shading/Democratic |2024 align="center" Template:Party shading/Democratic |54.3% 580,795 align="center" Template:Party shading/Republican |44.8% 479,193 align="center" Template:Party shading/Independent |0.8% 8,667
align="center" Template:Party shading/Democratic |2020 align="center" Template:Party shading/Democratic |55.8% 624,855 align="center" Template:Party shading/Republican |43.0% 481,128 align="center" Template:Party shading/Independent |1.2% 13,358
align="center" Template:Party shading/Democratic |2016 align="center" Template:Party shading/Democratic |55.4% 576,945 align="center" Template:Party shading/Republican |40.7% 423,639 align="center" Template:Party shading/Independent |3.8% 40,005
align="center" Template:Party shading/Democratic |2012 align="center" Template:Party shading/Democratic |62.1% 668,743 align="center" Template:Party shading/Republican |37.9% 407,802 align="center" Template:Party shading/Independent |0% 0

Area codes

In the 1950s, AT&T assigned Greater Cleveland Area code 216, which included all of Northeast Ohio. In 1996, Area code 216 was reduced in size to cover the northern half of its prior area, centering on Cleveland and its lake shore suburbs. Area code 330 was introduced for the southern half of Greater Cleveland, including Medina County. The western half of the region, including Ashland and Richland counties, and parts of Huron, Wayne, and Erie counties, are assigned area codes 419 and 567.

In 1997, area code 216 was further split as the need for additional phone numbers grew. Area code 216 was reduced in geographical area to cover the city of Cleveland and its inner ring suburbs. Area code 440 was introduced to cover the remainder of was what previously area code 216, including all of Lorain, Geauga, and Lake counties, and parts of Cuyahoga County. Some communities, such as Parma, and Parma Heights were divided between the 216 and 440 area codes. In 1999, Congressman Dennis Kucinich introduced federal legislation to protect small and medium-sized cities from being split into two or more area codes.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

In 2000, it was anticipated that the available phone numbers in area code 330 would be exhausted, and an overlay area code was introduced. Area code 234 was assigned to overlap existing area code 330. With the creation of area code 234, any new phone number in the geographical area formerly covered by area code 330 could be assigned a phone number in either the 234 or 330 area codes, with no change in local or long-distance toll status. This made necessary the use of ten-digit dialing within the 330/234 area code region. After the introduction of area code 234, assignments of new telephone numbers in the area did not continue at an accelerated pace, and new phone numbers for area code 234 were not assigned until 2003.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Economy

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File:Commerce by Daniel Chester French, 1912 - Cleveland, Ohio - DSC07918.JPG
Commerce by Daniel Chester French at the Metzenbaum U.S. Courthouse on Superior Avenue, Cleveland

In 2011 the Greater Cleveland area had a GDP of $134.4 billion (up from $130.7 billion in 2008), which would rank 57th among countries. Cleveland also has the twelfth highest merchandise value at $109.2 billion.<ref name="usmayors.org"/>

Business and industry

More than 37% of Fortune 500 companies are present in Northeast Ohio, through corporate headquarters, major divisions, subsidiaries, and sales offices. In addition, more than 150 international companies have a presence there. Template:As of, Northeast Ohio serves as the corporate headquarters of 23 Fortune 1000 firms (shown with 2017 rankings below):

Other large employers include:

Small businesses and startups

The Council of Smaller Enterprises coordinates and advocates for small businesses in the region.<ref>Colleen Mulcahy, "Benefits administrator blasts health mandates. (John Polk)", National Underwriter Property & Casualty-Risk & Benefits Management, Oct. 14, 1991.Template:Dead linkTemplate:Cbignore</ref><ref>Shannon Mortland, "COSE to help push ideas for reforming health care.(Health Care)(Council of Smaller Enterprises)(Brief Article)", Crain's Cleveland Business, Aug. 8, 2005.</ref> Many of the area's sustainability-oriented companies are tied into the network Entrepreneurs for Sustainability.<ref>"GROWING GREENER GOOD FOR BUSINESS GROUP HOPING TO FIND NEW WAYS TO TURN WASTE MATERIAL INTO PROFIT", Akron Beacon Journal (OH), May 5, 2008.</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Colleges and universities

Greater Cleveland is home to a number of higher education institutions, including:

Transportation

Airports

Greater Cleveland is served by international, regional and county airports, including:

Highways

File:Cleveland Interstate Highways map.svg

The Greater Cleveland highway network was intended to be more extensive than what was built.<ref>Template:Cite map Reproduced in: Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Public transit

The Greater Cleveland Regional Transit Authority operates a bus system and heavy and light rail in Cuyahoga County. Other transit agencies serve the surrounding counties and provide connections with RTA, including Laketran in Lake County, and Lorain County Transit in Lorain County. Cleveland's RTA Red Line which started in 1955, is the eighth oldest heavy rail rapid transit in the Country. In 2007, RTA was named the best public transit system in North America by the American Public Transportation Association, for "demonstrating achievement in efficiency and effectiveness."<ref>Greater Cleveland Regional Transit Authority (October 1, 2007). Greater Cleveland: Best Location for Public Transportation in the Nation Template:Webarchive. Press release. Retrieved on October 6, 2007.</ref>

Culture

Theater

File:Cleveland Playhouse Square (13917560487).jpg
Playhouse Square, Cleveland

Playhouse Square Center is the epicenter of the Cleveland Theater District and the second largest theater district in the United States.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Playhouse Square Theaters

In addition, Greater Cleveland has additional theaters throughout the region.

Theaters

Theatrical companies

Music

Cleveland is home to the Cleveland Orchestra, widely considered one of the finest orchestras in the world, and often referred to as the finest in the United States.<ref>Walsh, Michael. "The Finest Orchestra? (Surprise!) Cleveland". Template:Webarchive Time. (1994-01-10) Retrieved on 2007-08-01.</ref> It is one of the "Big Five" major orchestras in the United States. The Orchestra plays at Severance Hall in University Circle during the winter and at Blossom Music Center in Cuyahoga Falls during the summer.<ref>A Brief History of the Cleveland Orchestra. Template:Webarchive Cleveland Orchestra. Retrieved on 2007-07-22.</ref> The city is also home to the Cleveland Pops Orchestra.

Art

There are two main art museums in Cleveland. The Cleveland Museum of Art is a major American art museum,<ref>Cleveland Museum of Art. Encyclopedia of Cleveland History. 1997-06-14. Retrieved on 2007-07-22.</ref> with a collection that includes more than 40,000 works of art ranging over 6,000 years, from ancient masterpieces to contemporary pieces. Museum of Contemporary Art Cleveland showcases established and emerging artists, particularly from the Cleveland area, through hosting and producing temporary exhibitions.<ref>Who We Are Template:Webarchive. Museum of Contemporary Art Cleveland. Retrieved on 2007-08-16.</ref>

Sports and recreation

File:Progressive Field (Oct. 7, 2022).jpg
Progressive Field, home of the Cleveland Guardians

Cleveland's professional sports teams include the Cleveland Guardians (Major League Baseball), Cleveland Browns (National Football League), and Cleveland Cavaliers (National Basketball Association). The Lake County Captains, a Single-A minor league affiliate of the Cleveland Guardians, play in Eastlake at Classic Park. Additionally, the Lake Erie Crushers of the Frontier League play at Sprenger Stadium in Avon.

Minor league hockey is represented in the area by the Cleveland Monsters of the American Hockey League. They began play in the 2007–08 AHL season at the Quicken Loans Arena. The team is the top minor league affiliate of the Columbus Blue Jackets of the National Hockey League.

The Cleveland Metroparks are a system of nature preserves that encircle the city, and the Cuyahoga Valley National Park encompasses the Cuyahoga River valley between Cleveland and Akron. The region is home to Mentor Headlands Beach, the longest natural beach on the Great Lakes.

Notable natives

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See also

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References

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