Open back rounded vowel

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Template:Short description Template:Infobox IPA Template:IPA vowels

The open back rounded vowel, or low back rounded vowel,<ref>Template:Vowel terminology</ref> is a type of vowel sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is Template:Angbr IPA. It is called Latin turned alpha being a rotated version of Latin alpha. It seems a "turned script a", being a rotated version of "script (cursive) a", which is the variant of a that lacks the extra stroke on top of a "printed a". Latin turned alpha a Template:Angbr IPA has its linear stroke on the left, whereas Latin alpha a Template:Angbr IPA (for its unrounded counterpart) has its linear stroke on the right.

Features

Template:Open vowel Template:Back vowel Template:Pharyngeal Template:Rounded vowel

Occurrence

Language Word IPA Meaning Notes
Afrikaans StandardTemplate:Sfnp lang}} main}} 'there' main}}].Template:Sfnp See Afrikaans phonology
Assamese Template:Wikt-lang (Template:Transliteration) main}} 'to do' main}}, with rounding as strong as that for {{#invoke:IPA|main}}.Template:Sfnp May also be transcribed {{#invoke:IPA|main}}.
Bulgarian Some Rhodopean dialects lang}} (măž) main}} 'man' Found as the unification of the Proto-Slavic *ǫ, *ę, *ъ and *ь. Standard Bulgarian has Template:IPAslink for *ǫ and *ъ and Template:IPAslink for *ę and *ь.
Dutch Some dialectsTemplate:Sfnp lang}} main}} 'bone' Some non-Randstad dialects,Template:Sfnp for example those of Den Bosch and Groningen. It is open-mid Template:IPAblink in standard Dutch.
English South AfricanTemplate:Sfnp not main}} 'not' Near-back and weakly rounded.Template:Sfnp Some younger speakers of the General variety may actually have a higher and fully unrounded vowel Template:IPAblink.Template:Sfnp See South African English phonology
Conservative Received PronunciationTemplate:Sfnp {{#invoke:IPA|main}} Somewhat raised. Contemporary RP speakers pronounce a closer vowel Template:IPAblink. It is proposed that the Template:IPAslink vowel of Conservative RP, which is normally described as a rounded vowel, is pronounced by some speakers without rounded lips for whom the characteristic quality is rather one of sulcality.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> See English phonology
Northern EnglishTemplate:Sfnp May be somewhat raised and fronted.Template:Sfnp
CanadianTemplate:Sfnp Lot and thought have the same vowel in Canadian English; see cot–caught merger.
thought Template:Audio-IPA 'thought'
General American main}} is lowered (phonetic realization of {{#invoke:IPA|main}} is much lower in GA than in RP). However, "Short o" before r before a vowel (a short o sound followed by r and then another vowel, as in orange, forest, moral, and warrant) is realized as {{#invoke:IPA|main}}.
Inland Northern American<ref>Template:Citation</ref> See Northern cities vowel shift
IndianTemplate:Sfnp main}} main}} and {{#invoke:IPA|main}} differ entirely by length in Indian English.
WelshTemplate:SfnpTemplate:Sfnp main}} Open-mid in Cardiff; may merge with Template:IPAslink in northern dialects.
German Many speakersTemplate:Sfnp lang}} main}} 'gourmand' Nasalized; common phonetic realization of Template:IPAslink.Template:Sfnp See Standard German phonology
Many Swiss dialectsTemplate:Sfnp lang}} main}} 'remind' The example word is from the Zurich dialect, in which {{#invoke:IPA|main}} is in free variation with the unrounded Template:IPAblink.Template:Sfnp
Istro-RomanianTemplate:Sfnp lang}} main}} 'head' See Istro-Romanian pronunciation (in Romanian).
Jeju<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Template:Nowrap main}} 'one' See Jeju phonology
Malay Kedah lang}} main}} 'old' Northern Kedah subdialect/dialect. Allophone of Template:IPAslink in word-final position in open-ended words and close-ended words that end with a glottal stop Template:IPAslink or a glottal fricative Template:IPAslink.
Mansi Central/Northern lang}} main}} 'me' main}} and {{#invoke:IPA|main}}.
Neapolitan<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref> || Vastese || {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} || {{#invoke:IPA|main}} || 'Vasto' ||

Norwegian Dialects along the Swedish borderTemplate:Sfnp lang}} main}} 'hate' Weakly rounded and fully back.Template:Sfnp See Norwegian phonology
Persian lang}} (Template:Transliteration) main}} 'Persian'
Brazilian Portuguese Carioca lang}} main}} 'fish roe' main}}. See Portuguese phonology
Slovak Some speakersTemplate:Sfnp lang}} main}} 'and' main}} as rounded.Template:Sfnp See Slovak phonology
Swedish GothenburgTemplate:Sfnp lang}} main}} 'I' More rounded than in Central Standard Swedish.Template:Sfnp
Uzbek Standard<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> lang}} main}} 'tea'

Near-open back rounded vowel

Template:Infobox IPA

In some languages there is the near-open back rounded vowel (a sound between cardinal Template:Angbr IPA and Template:IPAalink), which can be transcribed in IPA with {{#invoke:IPA|main}} or {{#invoke:IPA|main}}.

Features

Template:Near-open vowel Template:Back vowel Template:Pharyngeal Template:Rounded vowel

Occurrence

Language Word IPA Meaning Notes
Catalan Balearic (except Ibizan)Template:SfnpTemplate:Sfnp {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} main}} 'women' Main realization of {{#invoke:IPA|main}} (also represented as {{#invoke:IPA|main}}). May be unrounded Template:IPAblink in Majorcan and some Southern Valencian dialects. See Catalan phonology
Valencian (general pronunciation)Template:SfnpTemplate:Sfnp main}}
Valencian (some speakers)Template:Sfnp lang}} main}} 'table' Can be realized as unrounded and/or fronted.
Dutch LeidenTemplate:Sfnp {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} {{#invoke:IPA|main}} 'bath' Near-open fully back; may be unrounded Template:IPAblink instead.Template:Sfnp It corresponds to Template:IPAblink in standard Dutch.
RotterdamTemplate:Sfnp
Hungarian StandardTemplate:Sfnp lang}} main}} 'Hungarian' Somewhat fronted and raised, with only slight rounding; sometimes transcribed in IPA with Template:Angbr IPA. Unrounded Template:IPAblink in some dialects.Template:Sfnp See Hungarian phonology
IbibioTemplate:Sfnp lang}} main}} 'marry' Near-open;Template:Sfnp typically transcribed in IPA with Template:Angbr IPA.
Irish UlsterTemplate:Sfnp lang}} main}} '(he) drinks' Near-open;Template:Sfnp may be transcribed in IPA with Template:Angbr IPA.
LehaliTemplate:Sfnp lang}} main}} 'yam' Raised vowel, being the back rounded counterpart of Template:IPAslink in a symmetrical vowel inventory.Template:Sfnp
LemerigTemplate:Sfnp lang}} main}} 'person' Raised vowel, being the back rounded counterpart of Template:IPAslink in a symmetrical vowel inventory.Template:Sfnp
Limburgish MaastrichtianTemplate:Sfnp lang}} main}} 'place' Near-open fully back; typically transcribed in IPA with Template:Angbr IPA.Template:Sfnp Corresponds to Template:IPAblink in other dialects.
Norwegian Urban EastTemplate:SfnpTemplate:Sfnp lang}} main}} 'top' Near-open,Template:SfnpTemplate:Sfnp also described as close-mid back Template:IPAblink.Template:Sfnp Typically transcribed in IPA with Template:Angbr IPA. See Norwegian phonology
Swedish Central StandardTemplate:SfnpTemplate:Sfnp lang}} Template:Audio-IPA 'be going to' Near-open fully back weakly rounded vowel.Template:Sfnp Typically transcribed in IPA with Template:Angbr IPA. See Swedish phonology
YorubaTemplate:Sfnp lang}} main}} 'care' Near-open; most often transcribed in IPA with Template:Angbr IPA.

See also

Notes

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References

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