Voiced palatal fricative

A voiced palatal fricative is a type of consonantal sound used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) that represents this sound is Template:Angbr IPA (crossed-tail j). It is the non-sibilant equivalent of the voiced alveolo-palatal sibilant.

In broad transcription, the symbol for the palatal approximant, Template:Angbr IPA, may be used for the sake of simplicity.

A voiced palatal fricative is an uncommon sound, occurring in only 7 of the 317 languages surveyed by the original UCLA Phonological Segment Inventory DatabaseTemplate:Cn. In Dutch, Kabyle, Margi, Modern Greek, and Scottish Gaelic, the sound occurs phonemically, along with its voiceless counterpart, and in several more, the sound occurs as a result of phonological processes.

To produce this sound, the tip of the tongue is placed against the roof of the mouth behind the upper front teeth; then, while exhaling, the space between the tongue and the palate is narrowed, creating a friction-like sound similar to the Template:Angbr sound (IPA: [[Voiced postalveolar fricative#Voiced palato-alveolar fricative|Template:IPA]]) in the English word Template:Lang.

Features

Features of a voiced palatal fricative:

Occurrence

Palatal

Language		Word	IPA	Meaning	Notes
Asturian		Template:Lang	Template:IPA	'to destroy'
Burmese		Template:Example needed			Allophone of Template:IPA, particularly word initially.
Catalan	Majorcan<ref>Template:Harvcoltxt</ref>	Template:Lang	Template:IPA	'fig tree'	Occurs in complementary distribution with Template:IPAblink. Corresponds to Template:IPAblink in other varieties. See Catalan phonology
Danish	Standard<ref name="basb212">Template:Harvcoltxt</ref>	Template:Lang	Template:IPA	'tallow'	Possible word-final allophone of Template:IPA when it occurs after Template:IPA.<ref name="basb212"/> See Danish phonology
Dutch	Standard<ref name="cm1">Template:Harvcoltxt</ref>	Template:Lang	Template:IPA	'yes'	Frequent allophone of Template:IPA, especially in emphatic speech.<ref name="cm1"/> See Dutch phonology
German	Standard<ref>Template:Harvcoltxt</ref><ref>Template:Harvcoltxt</ref>	Template:Lang	Template:IPA	'jacket'	Most often transcribed in IPA with Template:Angbr IPA; also described as an approximant Template:IPAblink<ref>Template:Harvcoltxt</ref><ref>Template:Harvcoltxt</ref> and a sound variable between a fricative and an approximant.<ref>Template:Harvcoltxt</ref> See Standard German phonology
Greek	Standard	Template:Lang	Template:IPA	'hi'
	Cypriot<ref>Template:Harvcoltxt</ref>	Template:Lang	Template:IPA	'olive'	Allophone of Template:IPA
Hungarian<ref>Template:Harvcoltxt</ref>		Template:Lang	Template:IPA	'throw in'	An allophone of Template:IPA. See Hungarian phonology
Irish<ref>Template:Harvcoltxt</ref>		Template:Lang	Template:IPA	'the sun'	See Irish phonology
Italian	Southern dialects	Template:Lang	Template:IPA	'son'	Corresponds to Template:IPA in standard Italian. See Italian phonology
Kabyle		Template:Lang	Template:IPA	'to slip'
Korean		Template:Lang / Template:Lang	Template:IPA	'Siberian musk deer'	The sound is sometimes heard by people when /h/ is between voiced and combined with /i/, /t/ and /j/, See Korean phonology
Lithuanian<ref>Template:Harvcoltxt</ref><ref>Template:Harvcoltxt</ref>		Template:Lang	Template:IPA	'she'	Most often transcribed in IPA with Template:Angbr IPA; also described as an approximant Template:IPAblink.<ref name="mat223">Template:Harvcoltxt</ref> See Lithuanian phonology
Margi<ref>Template:SOWL</ref>		Template:Example needed			Contrasts /ɟ, ᶮɟ, ç, ʝ, j, j̰, ɣ/.
Mapudungun<ref name="sad1">Template:Harvcoltxt</ref>		Template:Lang	Template:IPA	'six'	This phoneme corresponds to the letter Y in Mapudungün. See Mapuche language
Norwegian	Urban East<ref>Template:Harvcoltxt</ref><ref name="van41">Template:Harvcoltxt</ref>	Template:Lang	Template:IPA	'to give'	Allophone of Template:IPA, especially before and after close vowels and in energetic speech.<ref name="van41"/> See Norwegian phonology
Pashto	Ghilji dialect<ref name="hend">Template:Harvcoltxt</ref>	موږ	Template:IPA	'we'
	Wardak dialect<ref name="hend"/>
Ripuarian		Template:Lang	Template:IPA	'to show'
Russian<ref name="yanbu">Template:Harvcoltxt</ref>		Template:Lang	Template:IPA	'pit'	Allophone of Template:IPA in emphatic speech.<ref name="yanbu"/> See Russian phonology
Scottish Gaelic<ref>Template:Harvcoltxt</ref>		Template:Lang	Template:IPA	'of them'	Weak fricative; merges with Template:IPAblink in some dialects. See Scottish Gaelic phonology
Spanish<ref>Template:Harvcoltxt</ref>		Template:Lang	Template:IPA	'smock'	May also be represented by Template:Angbr in many dialects. See Spanish phonology and Yeísmo
Swedish<ref>Template:Harvcoltxt</ref>		Template:Lang	Template:Audio-IPA	'soil'	Allophone of Template:IPA. See Swedish phonology
Vietnamese	Middle Vietnamese<ref>See Vietnamese alphabet#Consonants ⟨gi⟩</ref>	Gió [𩙋]	Template:IPA (Tonkinese dialect)	'wind'	See Middle Vietnamese phonology

Post-palatal

There is also a voiced post-palatal fricative in some languages, which is articulated slightly more back compared with the place of articulation of the prototypical voiced palatal fricative but not as back as the prototypical voiced velar fricative. The International Phonetic Alphabet does not have a separate symbol for that sound, but it can be transcribed as Template:Angbr IPA, Template:Angbr IPA (a retracted Template:Angbr IPA), Template:Angbr IPA or Template:Angbr IPA (an advanced Template:Angbr IPA).

Especially in broad transcription, a voiced post-palatal fricative may be transcribed as a palatalized voiced velar fricative, Template:Angbr IPA.

Language		Word	IPA	Meaning	Notes
Belarusian		Template:Lang	Template:IPA	'geography'	Typically transcribed in IPA with Template:Angbr IPA. See Belarusian phonology
Dutch	Standard Belgian<ref name="cm2">Template:Harvcoltxt</ref>	Template:Lang	Template:Audio-IPA	'nine'	Often (partially) devoiced.<ref>Template:Harvcoltxt</ref> May be velar Template:IPAblink instead, even near non-front vowels.<ref name="cm2"/> See Dutch phonology
	Southern accents<ref name="cm2"/>
German	Standard<ref name="krech2">Template:Harvcoltxt</ref>	Template:Lang	Template:IPA	'giant'	Allophone of the fricative Template:IPA before and after front vowels.<ref name="krech2"/> See Standard German phonology
Greek	Standard Modern<ref>Template:Harvcoltxt</ref><ref>Template:Harvcoltxt</ref>	Template:Lang	Template:Audio-IPA	'grammatical gender'	See Modern Greek phonology
Limburgish	Weert dialect<ref name="hegu">Template:Harvcoltxt</ref>	Template:Lang	Template:IPA	'gladly'	Allophone of Template:IPA before and after front vowels.<ref name="hegu"/> See Weert dialect phonology
Lithuanian<ref name="mat223"/><ref>Template:Harvcoltxt</ref>		Template:Lang	Template:IPA	'Houston'	Very rare;<ref>Template:Harvcoltxt</ref> typically transcribed in IPA with Template:Angbr IPA. See Lithuanian phonology
Russian	Standard<ref name="yanbu"/>	Template:Lang	Template:IPA	'of other anthems'	Allophone of Template:IPA before voiced soft consonants;<ref name="yanbu"/> typically transcribed in IPA with Template:Angbr IPA. The example also illustrates Template:IPAblink. See Russian phonology
	Southern	Template:Lang	Template:IPA	'anthem'	Typically transcribed in IPA with Template:Angbr IPA; corresponds to Template:IPAblink in standard Russian. See Russian phonology
Scottish Gaelic<ref>Template:Harvcoltxt</ref>		Template:Lang	Template:IPA	'yes, indeed'	Allophone of Template:IPA after Template:IPA

Variable

Language		Word	IPA	Meaning	Notes
Mapudungun<ref name="sad2">Template:Harvcoltxt</ref>		Template:Example needed			Allophone of Template:IPA before the front vowels Template:IPA.<ref name="sad2"/>

See also

• Index of phonetics articles

References

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External links

• Template:Phoible
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