Voiceless palatal fricative

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Template:Short description Template:Infobox IPA

A voiceless palatal fricative is a type of consonantal sound used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is Template:Angbr IPA. It is the non-sibilant equivalent of the voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative. Palatal fricatives are relatively rare phonemes, and only 5% of the world's languages have {{#invoke:IPA|main}} as a phoneme.Template:Sfnp The sound further occurs as an allophone of Template:IPAslink (e.g. in German or Greek), or, in other languages, of Template:IPAslink in the vicinity of front vowels.

Features

Voiceless palatal fricative (ç)

Features of a voiceless palatal fricative:

Template:Fricative Template:Palatal Template:Voiceless Template:Oral Template:Central articulation Template:Pulmonic

Occurrence

Palatal

Language Word IPA Meaning Notes
BlackfootTemplate:Cn lang}} / Template:Transliteration main}} 'Seven' main}}.
Chinese Taizhou dialect lang}} main}} 'to play' main}} in other Wu dialects.
Meixian dialect lang}} main}} 'fragrant' Corresponds to palatalized fricative {{#invoke:IPA|main}} in romanised as "hi-" or "hy-" Hakka dialect writing.
Danish StandardTemplate:Sfnp lang}} main}} 'splash' May be alveolo-palatal Template:IPAblink instead.Template:Sfnp Before {{#invoke:IPA|main}}, aspiration of {{#invoke:IPA|main}} is realized as devoicing and fortition of {{#invoke:IPA|main}}.Template:Sfnp Note, however, that the sequence {{#invoke:IPA|main}} is normally realized as an affricate Template:IPAblink.Template:Sfnp See Danish phonology
Dutch Standard NorthernTemplate:Sfnp lang}} main}} 'crib' main}} before {{#invoke:IPA|main}} for some speakers.Template:Sfnp See Dutch phonology
English AustralianTemplate:Sfnp hue {{#invoke:IPA|main}} 'hue' Phonetic realization of the sequence {{#invoke:IPA|main}}.Template:SfnpTemplate:Sfnp<ref name="wells">Template:Citation</ref> See Australian English phonology and English phonology
BritishTemplate:Sfnp<ref name="wells"/>
ScouseTemplate:Sfnp like main}} 'like' main}}; ranges from palatal to uvular, depending on the preceding vowel.Template:Sfnp See English phonology
EstonianTemplate:Cn lang}} main}} 'rain' main}}. See Estonian phonology
FinnishTemplate:Cn lang}} main}} 'notebook' main}}. See Finnish phonology
French ParisianTemplate:Sfnp lang}} Template:Audio-IPA 'thank you' main}} and the mid front {{#invoke:IPA|main}} at the end of utterances can be devoiced.Template:Sfnp See French phonology
GermanTemplate:Cn lang}} Template:Audio-IPA 'not' main}}, or vice versa, but phonemic for some speakers who have both {{#invoke:IPA|main}} and {{#invoke:IPA|main}} (< {{#invoke:IPA|main}}). See Standard German phonology.
HaidaTemplate:Cn lang}} main}} 'leaf'
Hmong White (Dawb) Template:Script / {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} {{#invoke:IPA|main}} 'seven' Corresponds to alveolo-palatal /ɕ/ in Dananshan dialect
Green (Njua)
HungarianTemplate:Sfnp lang}} main}} 'get' (imperative) main}} between a voiceless obstruent and a word boundary. See Hungarian phonology
Icelandic lang}} main}} 'here' main}} near {{#invoke:IPA|main}} and {{#invoke:IPA|main}}.Template:Sfnp See Icelandic phonology
IrishTemplate:Cn lang}} main}} 'John' (voc.) See Irish phonology
JapaneseTemplate:Sfnp lang}} / Template:Transliteration Template:Audio-IPA 'day' main}} before {{#invoke:IPA|main}} and {{#invoke:IPA|main}}. See Japanese phonology
KabyleTemplate:Cn lang}} main}} 'to measure'
KoreanTemplate:Cn lang}} / Template:Transliteration Template:Audio-IPA 'strength' main}} word-initially before {{#invoke:IPA|main}} and {{#invoke:IPA|main}}. See Korean phonology
Minangkabau MukomukoTemplate:Cn loyh main}} 'loose' Allophone of /h/ after /i/, /oj/, and /uj/ in coda.
MokshaTemplate:Cn lang}} main}} 'nose'
Muniche {{#invoke:IPA|main}} 'plant stalk' <ref name=":0">Template:Citation</ref>
Norwegian Urban EastTemplate:Sfnp lang}} Template:Audio-IPA 'core' Often alveolo-palatal Template:IPAblink instead; younger speakers in Bergen, Stavanger and Oslo merge it with Template:IPAslink.Template:Sfnp See Norwegian phonology
Pashto Ghilji dialectTemplate:Sfnp {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} {{#invoke:IPA|main}} 'foot' See Pashto phonology
Wardak dialect
Romanian StandardTemplate:Cn lang}} Template:Audio-IPA 'Rohia' main}} before {{#invoke:IPA|main}}. Typically transcribed with [hʲ]. See Romanian phonology
Russian StandardTemplate:Sfnp lang}} / Template:Transliteration Template:Audio-IPA 'hard' main}}.Template:Sfnp See Russian phonology
Scottish GaelicTemplate:Sfnp lang}} main}} 'horses' Slender allophone of Template:IPAslink. See Scottish Gaelic phonology and orthography
SicilianTemplate:Cn lang}} main}} 'river' main}} nexus. Realized as Template:IPAblink when preceded by a consonant. See Sicilian phonology
Spanish Chilean<ref>Palatal phenomena in Spanish phonology Template:Webarchive Page 113</ref> lang}} main}} 'woman' Allophone of Template:IPAslink before front vowels. See Spanish phonology
Turkish<ref name="gk6">Template:Harvcoltxt</ref> lang}} Template:Audio-IPA 'intellect' main}}.<ref name="gk6"/> See Turkish phonology
UzbekTemplate:Cn lang}} main}} 'school' Occurs when Template:IPAslink comes before Template:IPAslink and Template:IPAslink sounds.
WalloonTemplate:Cn lang}} Template:Audio 'to knit' ⟨xh⟩ spelling proper in Common Walloon, in the Feller system it would be written ⟨hy⟩
Welsh lang}} Template:Audio 'language' main}} comes before {{#invoke:IPA|main}} due to h-prothesis of the original word, i.e. {{#invoke:IPA|main}} {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} Template:Gloss becomes {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} Template:Gloss, resulting in {{#invoke:IPA|main}} {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} → {{#invoke:IPA|main}} {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}.Template:Sfnp See Welsh phonology

Post-palatal

Template:Infobox IPA

There is also a voiceless post-palatal fricative in some languages, which is articulated slightly farther back compared with the place of articulation of the prototypical voiceless palatal fricative, though not as back as the prototypical voiceless velar fricative. The International Phonetic Alphabet does not have a separate symbol for that sound, though it can be transcribed as Template:Angbr IPA, Template:Angbr IPA (both symbols denote a retracted Template:Angbr IPA) or Template:Angbr IPA (advanced Template:Angbr IPA).

Features

Template:Fricative Template:Post-palatal Template:Voiceless Template:Oral Template:Central articulation Template:Pulmonic

Occurrence

Language Word IPA Meaning Notes
BelarusianTemplate:Cn lang}} / Template:Transliteration Template:Audio-IPA 'deaf' Typically transcribed in IPA with Template:Angbr IPA. See Belarusian phonology
Dutch Standard BelgianTemplate:Sfnp {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} Template:Audio-IPA 'eight' May be velar Template:IPAblink instead.Template:Sfnp See Dutch phonology
Southern accentsTemplate:Sfnp
GreekTemplate:Sfnp lang}} / Template:Transliteration Template:Audio-IPA 'soul' See Modern Greek phonology
Limburgish Weert dialectTemplate:Sfnp lang}} main}} 'I' main}} before and after front vowels.Template:Sfnp See Weert dialect phonology
LithuanianTemplate:SfnpTemplate:Sfnp lang}} main}} 'chemistry' Very rare;Template:Sfnp typically transcribed in IPA with Template:Angbr IPA. See Lithuanian phonology
Russian StandardTemplate:Sfnp lang}} / Template:Transliteration Template:Audio-IPA 'Hindi' Typically transcribed in IPA with Template:Angbr IPA. See Russian phonology
Spanish lang}} main}} 'woman' main}} before front vowels.Template:Sfnp See Spanish phonology
UkrainianTemplate:Cn lang}} / Template:Transliteration Template:Audio-IPA 'alchemy' Typically transcribed in IPA with Template:Angbr IPA. See Ukrainian phonology
UzbekTemplate:Sfnp lang}} main}} 'date palm' Weakly fricated; occurs word-initially and pre-consonantally, otherwise it is post-velar Template:IPAblink.Template:Sfnp

Voiceless palatal approximant

Template:Infobox IPAThe voiceless palatal approximant is a type of consonantal sound used in some spoken languages. Some scholars posit it distinct from the fricative. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is Template:Angbr IPA, a j with a ring,<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> indicating the voiceless homologue of the voiced palatal approximant, or Template:Angbr IPA, a c with cedilla with a lowering diacritic after it, which indicates a weaker or lowered version of the voiceless palatal fricative. The IPA also had a dedicated symbol Template:Angbr IPA, an h with palatal hook, which also represented a palatalized h sound, but that is now obsolete. In the Finno-Ugric transcription, it is transcribed Template:Angbr, a small capital j.

The palatal approximant can in many cases be considered the semivocalic equivalent of the voiceless variant of the close front unrounded vowel {{#invoke:IPA|main}}. The sound is essentially an Australian English Template:Angbr (as in year) pronounced strictly without vibration of the vocal cords.

Features

Template:Approximant Template:Palatal Template:Voiceless Template:Oral Template:Central articulation Template:Pulmonic

Occurrence

It is found as a phoneme in Jalapa Mazatec and Washo as well as in Kildin Sami.

Language Word IPA Meaning Notes
Breton Bothoa dialect Template:Example needed main}}, plain voiced Template:IPAslink and nasal voiced {{#invoke:IPA|main}} approximants.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
Chinese Standard lang}} / Template:Transliteration Template:Audio-IPA 'ticket' main}} after aspirated consonants. Normally transcribed as {{#invoke:IPA|main}}. See Standard Chinese phonology
English Australian huge main}} 'huge' H-dropping, also allophone of {{#invoke:IPA|main}}. See Australian English phonology<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref name=":02">Template:Cite book</ref>
New Zealand main}} H-dropping, also allophone of {{#invoke:IPA|main}}, also can be [{{#invoke:IPA|main}}] instead. See New Zealand English phonology<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref name=":02" />
French lang}} Template:Audio-IPA 'stone' main}}. See French phonology<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
Icelandic lang}} main}} 'here' Dialectal, or in free variation with [ç]<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite journal</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

Jalapa MazatecTemplate:Sfnp Template:Example needed main}}, plain voiced Template:IPAslink and glottalized voiced {{#invoke:IPA|main}} approximants.Template:Sfnp
Japanese lang}} / hi main}} 'day' main}}Template:SfnpTemplate:SfnpTemplate:Sfnp
Scottish Gaelic<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

lang}} main}} 'outside' (directional) main}} and {{#invoke:IPA|main}}. See Scottish Gaelic phonology
Thai Template:Example needed main}}.<ref>Abramson 1962; Kruatrachue 1960; Noss 1954; Noss 1964</ref>
Tibetan Khams Phonemic<ref>Chirkova 2014</ref>
Washo lang}} main}} 'he's hunting' main}} and voiced Template:IPAslink approximants.
Koyukon (Denaakk'e) Template:Example needed main}} and voiced Template:IPAslink approximants.

See also

Notes

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References

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