Voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative

A voiceless alveolo-palatal sibilant fricative is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is Template:Angbr IPA ("c", plus the curl also found in its voiced counterpart Template:IPAalink). Some Americanists may distinguish Template:Angbr IPA as an affricate, typically transcribed in IPA with Template:IPAalink, and instead use the symbol Template:Angbr IPA to represent the fricative that is referenced on this page.<ref>L2/21-041: Unicode request for additional para-IPA letters</ref> There is also a superscript Template:Angbr IPA / Template:Angbr IPA. It is the sibilant equivalent of the voiceless palatal fricative.

Features

File:Alveolopalatal fricative.svg

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Features of a voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative:

In English

In British Received Pronunciation, {{#invoke:IPA|main}} after syllable-initial {{#invoke:IPA|main}} (as in Tuesday) is realized as a devoiced palatal fricative. The amount of devoicing is variable, but the fully voiceless variant tends to be alveolo-palatal {{#invoke:IPA|main}} in the {{#invoke:IPA|main}} sequence: Template:Audio-IPA. It is a fricative, rather than a fricative element of an affricate because the preceding plosive remains alveolar, rather than becoming alveolo-palatal, as in Dutch.<ref name="english">Template:Harvcoltxt. The first source specifies the place of articulation of {{#invoke:IPA|main}} after {{#invoke:IPA|main}} as more front than the main allophone of {{#invoke:IPA|main}}.</ref>

The corresponding affricate can be written with Template:Angbr IPA or Template:Angbr IPA in narrow IPA, though Template:Angbr IPA is normally used in both cases. In the case of English, the sequence can be specified as Template:Angbr IPA as {{#invoke:IPA|main}} is normally apical (although somewhat palatalized in that sequence), whereas alveolo-palatal consonants are laminal by definition.Template:Sfnp

An increasing number of British speakers merge this sequence with the voiceless palato-alveolar affricate {{#invoke:IPA|main}}: {{#invoke:IPA|main}} (see yod-coalescence), mirroring Cockney, Australian English and New Zealand English. On the other hand, there is an opposite tendency in Canadian accents that have preserved {{#invoke:IPA|main}}, where the sequence tends to merge with the plain {{#invoke:IPA|main}} instead: Template:Audio-IPA (see yod-dropping), mirroring General American which does not allow {{#invoke:IPA|main}} to follow alveolar consonants in stressed syllables.Template:Sfnp<ref name="canadianenglish">Template:Cite journal</ref>

Occurrence

Language		Word	IPA	Meaning	Notes
Adyghe		lang}} / {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}	Template:Audio-IPA	'three'
Assamese		lang}} / {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}	main}}	'British'
Asturian		lang}}	main}}	'box'	May be realised as [ʃj], [ɕj], [ɕ] or [ʃ], depending on context and speaker.
Bengali		lang}} / {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}	main}}	'vulture'	Also transcribed as Template:IPA link. See Bengali phonology.
Burmese		lang}} / {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}	main}}	'to abrade; to cut superficially'	See Burmese phonology.
Catalan<ref name="recasens">Template:Harvcoltxt</ref>		lang}}	main}}	'box'	See Catalan phonology.
Chinese	Some Hokkien dialects	lang}} / {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}	main}}	'heart'	main}} before {{#invoke:IPA|main}}.
	Mandarin	lang}} / {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}	Template:Audio-IPA	'Xi'an'	main}} in front of high front vowels and palatal glides. See Mandarin phonology.
Chuvash		lang}} / {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}	main}}	'lightning'	main}} and {{#invoke:IPA|main}}. Lenis when intervocalic.
Damin		j2iwu	main}}	'small'	Varies with a doubled Voiceless alveolo-palatal plosive [t̠ʲ\t̠ʲ]
Danish		lang}}	main}}	'soul'	See Danish phonology.
Dutch	Some speakers	lang}}	main}}	'template'	May be [[[:Template:IPA link]]] or {{#invoke:IPA|main}} instead. See Dutch phonology.
English	CardiffTemplate:Sfnp	human	main}}	'human'	main}}. More front and more strongly fricated than RP Template:IPAblink. Broad varieties drop the {{#invoke:IPA|main}}: {{#invoke:IPA|main}}.Template:Sfnp See English phonology.
	Conservative Received Pronunciation<ref name="english"/>	tuesday	{{#invoke:IPA|main}}	'Tuesday'	Allophone of {{#invoke:IPA|main}} after syllable-initial {{#invoke:IPA|main}} (which is alveolar in this sequence), may be only partially devoiced. {{#invoke:IPA|main}} is often realized as an affricate Template:IPAblink in British English. Mute in General American: Template:Audio-IPA.Template:Sfnp<ref name="canadianenglish"/> Typically transcribed with Template:Angbr IPA in broad IPA. See English phonology, yod-coalescence and yod-dropping.
	Some Canadian English<ref name="english"/><ref name="canadianenglish"/>
	Ghanaian<ref name="huber">Template:Harvcoltxt</ref>	ship	main}}	'ship'	Educated speakers may use Template:IPAblink, to which this phone corresponds in other dialects.<ref name="huber"/>
	Some speakers	sure	[ɕɔː]	'sure'
Guarani	Paraguayan	lang}}	main}}	'I'
Hindi		lang}} / {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}	main}}	'Saturday'	main}}. See Hindi phonology.
Japanese<ref>Template:Harvcoltxt</ref>		lang}} / {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}	main}}	'salt'	See Japanese phonology.
Kabardian		lang}} / {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}	Template:Audio-IPA	'hundred'
Karen	Eastern Pwo	lang}}	main}}	'star'
	Western Pwo	lang}}	main}}	'star'
Kazakh		lang}} / {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}	main}}	'wretch'	main}}. See Kazakh phonology.
Korean	South	lang}} / {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}	main}}	'poem'	main}} before {{#invoke:IPA|main}} and {{#invoke:IPA|main}}. See Korean phonology.
Kyrgyz		lang}} / {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}	main}}	'Satan'	main}}. See Kyrgyz phonology.
Lower SorbianTemplate:Sfnp		lang}}	main}}	'friend'
LuxembourgishTemplate:Sfnp		lang}}	main}}	'light'	main}} after phonologically front vowels; some speakers merge it with Template:IPAblink.Template:Sfnp See Luxembourgish phonology.
Marathi		lang}} / {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}	main}}	'farmer'	main}}. Allophone of {{#invoke:IPA|main}}. See Marathi phonology.
Malayalam		lang}} / {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}	main}}	'Cross'	See Malayalam phonology.
Norwegian	Urban EastTemplate:Sfnp	lang}}	main}}	'handsome'	Typically transcribed in IPA with Template:Angbr IPA; less often realized as palatal Template:IPAblink. Younger speakers in Bergen, Stavanger and Oslo merge it with Template:IPAslink.Template:Sfnp See Norwegian phonology.
Polish<ref>Template:Harvcoltxt</ref>		lang}}	Template:Audio-IPA	'screw'	main}} and {{#invoke:IPA|main}}. See Polish phonology.
Romani	Kalderash<ref>Template:Harvcoltxt</ref>	lang}}	main}}	'Romani boy; son'	Realized as Template:IPAblink in conservative dialects.
Romanian	Transylvanian dialectsTemplate:Sfnp	lang}}	main}}	'what'	Realized as Template:IPAblink in standard Romanian. See Romanian phonology.
Russian		lang}} / {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}	Template:Audio-IPA	'happiness'	Also represented by Template:Angbr. Contrasts with {{#invoke:IPA|main}}, {{#invoke:IPA|main}}, and {{#invoke:IPA|main}}. See Russian phonology.
Sema<ref name="teo12">Template:Harvcoltxt</ref>		lang}}	main}}	'meat'	main}} before {{#invoke:IPA|main}}.<ref name="teo12"/>
Serbo-Croatian	Croatian<ref name="Landau68">Template:Harvcoltxt</ref>	lang}}	main}}	'the mouse will'	main}} before {{#invoke:IPA|main}}.<ref name="Landau68"/> See Serbo-Croatian phonology.
	Some speakers of Montenegrin	lang}} / {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}	main}}	'tomorrow'	main}} or, in some cases, {{#invoke:IPA|main}}.
Swedish	Finland	lang}}	main}}	'chunk'	Allophone of Template:IPAslink.
	Sweden	lang}}	Template:Audio-IPA	'skirt'	See Swedish phonology.
Tibetan	Lhasa dialect	lang}} / {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}	main}}	'four'	main}}.
Tatar		lang}} / {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}	main}}	'triangle'
Uzbek<ref>Template:Harvcoltxt</ref>		lang}} / {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}	main}}	'satellite'	main}}. See Uzbek phonology.
Xumi	LowerTemplate:Sfnp	{{#invoke:IPA|main}}		'one hundred'
	UpperTemplate:Sfnp
Yámana (Yahgan)		šúša	main}}	'penguin'
Yi		lang}} / {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}	main}}	'thread'
Zhuang		lang}}	main}}	'ten'

See also

• Index of phonetics articles
• Voiceless palato-alveolar sibilant

Sources

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External links

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