Voiced palatal plosive

A voiced palatal plosive or stop is a type of consonantal sound in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is Template:Angbr IPA, a barred dotless Template:Angbr that was initially created by turning the type for a lowercase letter Template:Angbr.

If a distinction is necessary, a voiced alveolo-palatal plosive may be transcribed Template:Angbr IPA (retracted and palatalized Template:Angbr IPA). There is also a non-IPA letter Template:Unichar; Template:Ifsubst style="color:gray">Template:Angbr IPA ("d" with the curl found in the symbols for alveolo-palatal sibilant fricatives Template:Angle brackets) that is used especially in Sinological circles.

{{#invoke:IPA|main}} is a less common sound worldwide than the voiced postalveolar affricate {{#invoke:IPA|main}} because it is difficult to get the tongue to touch just the hard palate without also touching the back part of the alveolar ridge.Template:Sfnp It is also common for the symbol Template:Angbr IPA to be used to represent a palatalized voiced velar plosive or palato-alveolar/alveolo-palatal affricates, as in Indic languages. That may be considered appropriate when the place of articulation needs to be specified, and the distinction between plosive and affricate is not contrastive.

Features

Features of a voiced palatal stop:

• • Alveolo-palatal variant is articulated also with the blade of the tongue at or behind the alveolar ridge.

Occurrence

Palatal or alveolo-palatal

Language		Word	IPA	Meaning	Notes
AlbanianTemplate:Sfnp		lang}}	main}}	'tongue'	Merged with Template:IPAblink in Gheg Albanian and some speakers of Tosk Albanian.Template:Sfnp
Arabic	Some Northern Yemeni dialectsTemplate:Sfnp	{{#invoke:Lang|lang}}	{{#invoke:IPA|main}}	'camel'	Corresponds to {{#invoke:IPA|main}} in other varieties. See Arabic phonology
	Rural and some urban Sudanese speakersTemplate:Sfnp
	Upper EgyptTemplate:Sfnp
Aramaic	some Urmian & Koine speakers	{{#invoke:Lang|lang}}/gavrɑ	main}}	'husband' or 'man' lit. (male) person	Corresponds to {{#invoke:IPA|main}} or {{#invoke:IPA|main}} in other dialects.
	some Northern speakers		main}}
Azerbaijani		گۆنش/{{#invoke:Lang|lang}}	main}}	'sun'
Basque		lang}}	main}}	'doll'
Breton	Gwenedeg	lang}}	main}}	'white'	Realization of /ɡ/ before front vowels.
Bulgarian		lang}}	main}}	'swamp'	Palatalized [g] in Standard Bulgarian, may also be realized as [ɡj] by some speakers. See Bulgarian phonology
Catalan	MajorcanTemplate:SfnpTemplate:Sfnp	lang}}	main}}	'chalk'	main}} in other varieties. See Catalan phonology
Corsican		lang}}	main}}	'to watch'
Czech		lang}}	main}}	'I do'	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref> See Czech phonology
Dinka		lang}}	main}}	'blunt'
EgaTemplate:Sfnp		{{#invoke:IPA|main}}		'become numerous'
Friulian		lang}}	main}}	'cat'
Ganda		jjajja	main}}	'grandfather'
Hausa		gyara	main}}	'repair'
HungarianTemplate:Sfnp		lang}}	main}}	'guardian'	See Hungarian phonology
Irish		lang}}	main}}	'Irish language'	See Irish phonology
Latvian		lang}}	main}}	'family'	See Latvian phonology
Livonian		kīņḑõl	main}}	'candle'
Macedonian		lang}}	main}}	'birth'	See Macedonian phonology
Malay	Kelantan-Pattani	تراجڠ/terajang	main}}	'kick'	See Kelantan-Pattani Malay
Munji		lang}}	main}}	'lost'
Norwegian	CentralTemplate:Sfnp	{{#invoke:Lang|lang}}	{{#invoke:IPA|main}}	'godparent'	See Norwegian phonology
	NorthernTemplate:Sfnp
Occitan	Auvergnat	lang}}	main}}	'said' (3rd pers. sing.)	See Occitan phonology
	Limousin	dissèt	main}}
Pannonian Rusyn		lang}}	main}}	'Đurđevo'	Only occurs in loanwords; Old Slovak ď becomes дз in native inherits.
Pitjantjatjara		lang}}	main}}		See Pitjantjatjara dialect
Sicilian		lang}}	main}}	'job, task'
Slovak		lang}}	main}}	'far'	Alveolo-palatal.Template:SfnpTemplate:Sfnp See Slovak phonology
Spanish		ya	main}}	'already'	main}}, may also be realized as Template:IPAblink in onset or after nasal consonant. See Spanish phonology
Turkish		lang}}	Template:Audio-IPA	'sun'	See Turkish phonology
Vietnamese	North-central dialect	lang}}	main}}	'skin'	See Vietnamese phonology
Wu	Taizhou dialect	共/gion6	main}}	'together'

Post-palatal

Template:Infobox IPA There is also a voiced post-palatal plosive in some languages, which is articulated slightly more back than the place of articulation of the prototypical palatal consonant but not as back as the prototypical velar consonant. The IPA does not have a separate symbol, which can be transcribed as Template:Angbr IPA, Template:Angbr IPA (both symbols denote a retracted Template:Angbr IPA), Template:Angbr IPA, or Template:Angbr IPA (both symbols denote an advanced Template:Angbr IPA).

Especially in broad transcription, a voiced post-palatal plosive may be transcribed as a palatalized voiced velar plosive Template:Angbr IPA.

Occurrence

Language		Word	IPA	Meaning	Notes
CatalanTemplate:Sfnp		lang}}	main}}	'chalk'	main}} before front vowels when not preceded by a vowel.Template:Sfnp See Catalan phonology
EnglishTemplate:SfnpTemplate:Sfnp		geese	Template:Audio-IPA	'geese'	main}} before front vowels and {{#invoke:IPA|main}}.Template:SfnpTemplate:Sfnp See English phonology
GreekTemplate:Sfnp		lang}}	main}}	'transfusion'	Post-palatal.Template:Sfnp See Modern Greek phonology
Italian	StandardTemplate:Sfnp	lang}}	main}}	'acorn'	main}} before {{#invoke:IPA|main}}.Template:Sfnp See Italian phonology
Japanese		lang}}/{{#invoke:Lang|lang}}	Template:Audio-IPA	'silver'
Portuguese		lang}}	main}}	'little buddy'	main}} before front vowels. See Portuguese phonology
RomanianTemplate:Sfnp		lang}}	main}}	'thorn'	main}} before {{#invoke:IPA|main}} and the phonetic realization of {{#invoke:IPA|main}}.Template:Sfnp See Romanian phonology
Russian	StandardTemplate:Sfnp	lang}}/{{#invoke:Lang|lang}}	main}}	'coat of arms'	Typically transcribed in IPA with Template:Angbr IPA. See Russian phonology
SpanishTemplate:Sfnp		lang}}	main}}	'guidebook'	main}} before front vowels when not preceded by a vowel.Template:Sfnp See Spanish phonology
YanyuwaTemplate:Sfnp		{{#invoke:IPA|main}}		'sacred'	Post-palatal.Template:Sfnp Contrasts plain and prenasalized versions.

See also

• Index of phonetics articles

References

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External links

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