1989

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1989 was a turning point in political history with the "Revolutions of 1989" which ended communism in Eastern Bloc of Europe, starting in Poland and Hungary, with experiments in power-sharing coming to a head with the opening of the Berlin Wall in November, the Velvet Revolution in Czechoslovakia and the overthrow of the communist dictatorship in Romania in December; the movement ended in December 1991 with the dissolution of the Soviet Union. Revolutions against communist governments in Eastern Europe mainly succeeded, but the year also saw the suppression by the Chinese government of the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests in Beijing.

It was the year of the first Brazilian direct presidential election in 29 years, since the end of the military government in 1985 that ruled the country for more than twenty years, and marked the redemocratization process's final point.

F. W. de Klerk was elected as State President of South Africa, and his regime gradually dismantled the apartheid system over the next five years, culminating with the 1994 election that brought jailed African National Congress leader Nelson Mandela to power.

The first commercial Internet service providers surfaced in this year,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> as well as the first written proposal for the World Wide Web and New Zealand, Japan and Australia's first Internet connections. The first babies born after preimplantation genetic diagnosis were conceived in late 1989.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Template:Horizontal TOC

Events

January

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February

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Soviet unit pictured prior to their withdrawal from Afghanistan

March

Mass demonstration at the Hungarian state television headquarters
The Exxon Valdez

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April

Polish Round Table Agreement

May

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June

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July

August

Voyager 2 at Neptune

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Baltic Way in Estonia

September

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October

The Phillips disaster

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November

Germans standing on top of the Berlin Wall
A peaceful demonstration in Prague during the Velvet Revolution

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  • November – The first commercial dial-up Internet connection in North America is made, by The World STD.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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December

Flames engulf a building following the United States invasion of Panama

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World population

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Births and deaths

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Nobel Prizes

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References

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Further reading

  • Ash, Timothy Garton. The Magic Lantern: The Revolution of '89 Witnessed in Warsaw, Budapest, Berlin, and Prague (1999) excerpt
  • Kenney, Padraic, ed. 1989: Democratic Revolutions at the Cold War's End: A Brief History with Documents (2009)
  • Sebestyen, Victor. Revolution 1989: The Fall of the Soviet Empire (2010) excerpt

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